Unit 6. The Metamorphosis

The Metamorphosis FRANZ KAFKA

1. brave not afraid of danger

2. beat up to hit repeatedly

3. terrified very afraid

4. grab to take something quickly and roughly

5. manage to to succeed in doing something difficult

6. disgusting strongly disliked

Unit 6. The Metamorphosis

The Metamorphosis FRANZ KAFKA

7. smelly having a bad odor 8. substance anything one can touch 9. soothe to relieve 10. faint to lose consciousness, as

if you were asleep 11. useless not working well or of no use 12. realize to start to know something

you had not noticed before


Franz Kafka ( 3 July 1883 – 3 June 1924) was a Ger-man-language novelist, one of the most influential of the 20th century, whose works came to be re-garded after his death as one of the major achieve-ments of world literature.


1~2cockroach : 바퀴벌레belly : 배, 복부; valley : 계곡, 골짜기turn over onto his side : 옆으로 몸을 뒤집다every time he tried = whenever he tried(그가

시도했을 때마다)traveling salesman : 순회 판매원, 외판원( commercial

traveler)support : 부양하다make it : 성공하다, 해내다answer : ~에 대답하다; answer her : 그녀의 말에

대답하다whisper : 속삭이다


Major theme

1. Economic effects on human relationships

2. Family duty

3. Alienation

4. Freedom and escapism

5. Guilt

6. Personal identity


1~2cockroach : 바퀴벌레belly : 배, 복부; valley : 계곡, 골짜기turn over onto his side : 옆으로 몸을 뒤집다every time he tried = whenever he tried(그가

시도했을 때마다)traveling salesman : 순회 판매원, 외판원( commercial

traveler)support : 부양하다make it : 성공하다, 해내다answer : ~에 대답하다; answer her : 그녀의 말에

대답하다whisper : 속삭이다



과거완료He looked at the clock and realized he had overslept - it was 6:30!


make it

- 성공하다 ( 해내다 )-( 어떤 곳에 간신히 ) 시간 맞춰 가다

The next train left at 7:00. He would have to hurry to make itto make it : ‘ 일곱 시 기차를 타기 위해’


to 감정 , 느낌 , 놀라움의 원인을 나타내는 전치사 ‘ to’

When he answered her, he was sur-prised to hear his voice; it sounded so high.Nice to meet you.

3~4he had a hard time. : ‘그는 고생했다 .’ in the air : ‘허공에서’back and forth : 이리 저리로 (좌우로 혹은 앞뒤로 )strong : a. 힘센 , ad. 힘세게intensely : 격 (렬 )하게all of sudden = suddenly warn : 경고하다lately : 최근에 ; late : a. 늦은 , ad. 늦게panic : 공포에 질리다hiss : 쉬쉬하는 소리a chest of drawers : 서랍장slipped and fell : ‘미끄러 넘어졌다’hold to A : A를 붙들다


Unit 6. The Metamorphosiswhy 1) 간접의문문을 이끄는 의문사

why2) the reason 을 선행사로

취하는 관계부사 why

It was his manager, who had come to see why he was late.1) 그가 왜 늦었는지를 알기 위해 2) 그가 늦은 이유를 알기 위해

5~7At the sight of him = When they saw himfaint : 기절하다weep : 눈물을 흘리다 , 한탄하다back : v. 뒤로 물러나다let go of A : A 를 ( 쥐고 있다 ) 놓다drop : 떨어지다grab : 움켜 잡다walking stick : 지팡이awoke = woke upleave A B : A 에게 B 를 남겨주다slide(slid-slid) : 미끄러지다 , 슬그머니 움직이다smelly : 고약한 냄새가 나는hungrily : 걸신 들린 듯이



smell 1) vt. ~ 의 냄새를 맡다2) vi. ~ 한 냄새가 나다

He smelled food

2) The room smelt damp.그 방에서는 눅눅한 냄새가 났다 .damp: a. 눅눅한 , 축축한

8

grow = become( 차차 ~ 이 되다 )

back and forth : 이리저리 (to and fro)

sticky : 끈적거리는substance : 물질leave : ( 흔적 따위를 ) 남기다furniture 는 집학적으로 사용되는 불가산 명사이다 .

따라서 가구 한 점을 표현하자면 a furniture 가 아니라 a piece[an article] of furniture 라고 해야 한다 .

walking space : 보행공간


a beautiful woman (who was) dressed in pretty clothes : ‘ 예쁜 옷을 입고 있는 아름다운 여성’

get away from A : A 를 벗어나다 ( 피하다 ), A 에게서 탈출하다

fit through : ( 문 따위를 통과하여 ) 지나가다pierce : ~ 을 뚫고 들어가다crawl : 기어가다 (creep)



furni-ture

집합적으로 사용되는 불가산 명사

가구 한 점 : a piece[an article] of furnitureThe room is full of old furniture.그 방은 낡은 가구로 가득 차 있다 .

v


dressed

a. 옷을 입은

I can't go to the door—I'm not dressed yet.나는 문에 나가 볼 수가 없어 . 아직 옷을 안 입었어 .The bride was dressed in white.신부는 흰색 옷을 입고 있었다 .


what 1) 복합관계대명사 2) 의문사 - 간접의문문에서 ( 무엇이 동사하는 지 )

When his father returned home and learned what had happened,

1) 일어났었던 것 ( 일 ) 을 알았다2) 무슨 일이 일어났었는지를 알았다

9~12

care about : ~ 에 마음 ( 신경 ) 을 쓰다feed A : A 에게 먹을 것을 주다weary : 지루한 , 따분한 , 지친 (tired)

the dust and dirt : 먼지와 쓰레기stick : ~ 을 붙이다left his door to the dining room open : 식당 쪽으로

나있는 그의 문을 열린 채로 두다soothe : 위로하다feel relieved : 안도감을 느끼다abridge : 요약하다



leave + O + O.C

목적어를 ~ 한 상태로 있게하다

The family now left his door to the dining room open

The bomb blast left 25 people dead.그 폭발 사고로 25 명이 목숨을 잃었다 .

Don’t leave the baby crying. 아기를 우는 채로 놔 두지 마라 .

READ FOR MAIN IDEAS

Gregor dreams he has become an insect.

->


READ FOR MAIN IDEAS


-> Gregor has become an insect.

His family thinks it’s funny when they see Gregor.

->


READ FOR MAIN IDEAS




-> His family is frightened when they see Gregor.

Only his mother takes care of him, and she eventu-ally stops.

->


READ FOR MAIN IDEAS




-> His family is frightened when they see Gregor.

Only his mother takes care of him, and she eventu-ally stops.

-> Only his sister takes care of him, and she even-tually stops.


READ FOR MAIN IDEAS

He dies in the living room as he thinks of his job.

->


READ FOR MAIN IDEAS


-> He dies in his room as he thinks about his family.

His family feels helpless when he dies.

->


READ FOR MAIN IDEAS


-> He dies in his room as he thinks about his family.

His family feels helpless when he dies.

-> His family feels relieved when he dies.


READ FOR DETAILS1. His sister wanted to know if he was OK.

->


READ FOR DETAILS1. His sister wanted to know if he was OK.

-> His sister now whispered through the door, “Gregor, are you all right? Do you need anything?”

2. Because he was very afraid, he promised to come out of his room quickly.

->


READ FOR DETAILS1. His sister wanted to know if he was

OK.-> His sister now whispered through

the door, “Gregor, are you all right? Do you need anything?”

2. Because he was very afraid, he promised to come out of his room quickly.

-> Gregor panicked and said, “No, no, I will come out immediately.”


READ FOR DETAILS3. The manager felt afraid and tried to leave care-fully, and Gregor knew he must stop him.

->


READ FOR DETAILS3. The manager felt afraid and tried to

leave carefully, and Gregor knew he must stop him.

-> He began to back out of the room to leave, and Gregor realized he couldn’t let him go.

4. He moved easily and quietly under the sofa and stayed there until the next day.

->


READ FOR DETAILS3. The manager felt afraid and tried to

leave carefully, and Gregor knew he must stop him.

-> He began to back out of the room to leave, and Gregor realized he couldn’t let him go.

4. He moved easily and quietly under the sofa and stayed there until the next day.

-> He slid under the couch and slept there until morning.


READ FOR DETAILS5. His sister was amazed early the next day when she noticed he had not touched his food.

->


READ FOR DETAILS5. His sister was amazed early the next

day when she noticed he had not touched his food.

-> The next morning, Gregor’s sister looked in and was surprised to see that he hadn’t eating a thing.

6. At first they didn’t hurt him, but then one cut into him and hurt him badly.

->


READ FOR DETAILS5. His sister was amazed early the next day

when she noticed he had not touched his food.

-> The next morning, Gregor’s sister looked in and was surprised to see that he hadn’t eating a thing.

6. At first they didn’t hurt him, but then one cut into him and hurt him badly.

-> The first few didn’t hurt him, but then one pierced his body, and he felt terrible pain.


READ FOR DETAILS7. Gradually, his sister lost interest in taking care of him.

->


READ FOR DETAILS7. Gradually, his sister lost interest in taking care of him.

-> His sister also began to care less and les about feeding him and cleaning his room.

8. It was time to think of how to re-move him.

->


READ FOR DETAILS7. Gradually, his sister lost interest in

taking care of him.-> His sister also began to care less and

les about feeding him and cleaning his room.

8. It was time to think of how to remove him.

-> “We must find a way to get rid of this thing.”


MAKE INFERENCES

1. In the beginning of the story, Grete loved her brother and cared about him.


MAKE INFERENCES


T: “Gregor, are you all right? Do you need anything?”

2. Gregor wanted to be an insect so that he wouldn’t have to go to work.


MAKE INFERENCES




F3. Gregor’s family was afraid of him.


MAKE INFERENCES




F3. Gregor’s family was afraid of him.T: At the sight of him, the manager

screamed, his mother fainted, and his father wept.


MAKE INFERENCES4. Gregor was very lonely.


MAKE INFERENCES4. Gregor was very lonely.T: The family now left his door to the

dining room open for two hours every night after dinner, and he could listen to their conversation. He really loved this.

5. Grete stopped thinking of Gregor as a person and thought of him only as a disgusting cockroach.


MAKE INFERENCES4. Gregor was very lonely.T: The family now left his door to the dining

room open for two hours every night after dinner, and he could listen to their con-versation. He really loved this.

5. Grete stopped thinking of Gregor as a per-son and thought of him only as a disgust-ing cockroach.

T: Grete became very upset. “Momma, Poppa,” she said, “This cannot go on. We must find a way to get rid of this thing. It is destroying our lives.”


READING TWO : UNGEN-ZIEFER

1~2short story( 단편 ) < novella( 중

편 ) < novel( 장편 )because of + 명사상당어구because S+Vturn into A : A 로 변하다



1“The Metamorphosis” is a short story which is both funny and sad story at the same time.

Funny : 바퀴벌레로 적응해 가능 방식Sad : 혐오스런 존재로서 가족의 사랑

상실



Why did Kafka choose to tell a story about a man who turns into a cockroach?

왜 하필이면 혐오스런 벌레를 선택하였는가 ?

그의 목적이 무엇이었는가 ?


READING TWO : UNGENZIEFER3or : 즉 , 다시 말하면vermin( 해충 )rough : 거친 , 난폭한cowardly( 겂이 많은 )pay off the family debt : 가족의 빚을

청산하다parasite( 기생충 )be metamorphosed into A : A 로 탈바꿈하게 되다 ;

metamorphose A into B : A 를 B 로 탈바꿈시키다


READING TWO : UNGENZIEFER3One explanation comes from a word that

Kafka used in his story.

바퀴벌레 같은 Gregor : 1) 나약하고 겂이 많아서 / 가족 부양 거부 2) 어린아이처럼 무기력하고 책임감 없는 기생충같은

존재로 변함

기생 관계의 전복


READING TWO : UNGENZIEFER4

http://www.kafka-franz.com/kafka-Biography.htm


http://www.kafka-franz.com/kafka-Biography.htm

READING TWO : UNGENZIEFER4~5spineless(줏대가 없는 ) : not brave at allcompared to A : A에 비교해 볼 때see A as B : A를 B라고 생각하다rebel against A : A에 대항하다result in A : A의 결과를 낳다separate A from B : A를 B로부터 분리하다동격의 of는 ‘~라는’으로 옮겨주면 무난하다 .work : 작용하다 , 효과가 있다reject : 거부하다appearance : 겉모습yet : 하지만



4Another explanation comes from Kafka’s relationship with his fa-ther.

아버지에 비해 나약한 Kafka, 그리고 Gre-gor

벌레로의 변신 = 아버지에 대한 저항이자 그 저항에 대한 처벌

처벌의 결과 : 물리적 , 정서적 분리 -> 죽음


READING TWO : UNGENZIEFER5Kafka’s choice of an insect makes this story work because many people feel in-sects are disgusting.

혐오스런 벌레를 소재로 삼음으로써 사람들의 공감을 살 수 있었음

모두가 꺼려하는 존재가 되어 죽어가면서도 가족의 사랑을 져버리지 않았던 Gregor


R2: Critic’s Inter-pretation of “ The Metamorphosis”

R1: Details from “The Metamorpho-sis”

1. The story is funny.

At the sight of him, the manager screamed, his mother fainted, and his fa-ther wept.

2. The story is sad.

His mother rushed over to his father to beg him not to kill Gregor, as Gregor slowly crawled back to his room.

3. Gregor wants to be a child again.

“Yes, mother. I’m getting up now.”



4. Gregor is weak and dis-gusting.

One morning, Gregor Samsa woke up from a bad dream and realized he was some kind of terrible insect.

5. Gregor’s family has been like a parasite to him.

He hated his job, but he had to do it to support his father, mother, and sister because his father no longer worked.



6. Gregor wants to punish his family.

One morning, Gregor Samsa woke up from a bad dream and realized he was some kind of terrible insect.

7. Gregor loves his family.

He thought of his family tenderly as he lay there, and when the light began to come through the window, he died.

vocabulary1. I think that people who are not afraid of snakes are very brave.

P. 110

vocabulary1. I think that people who are not afraid of snakes are very brave.3. The insect managed to crawl up the wall.

P. 110

vocabulary1. I think that people who are not afraid of snakes are very brave.3. The insect managed to crawl up the wall.7. The man was soothed by the soft mu-sic.

P. 110

vocabulary1. I think that people who are not afraid of snakes are very brave.3. The insect managed to crawl up the wall.7. The man was soothed by the soft mu-sic.8. She’s sick and she looks like she’s go-ing to faint.

P. 110

vocabulary1. I think that people who are not afraid of snakes are very brave.3. The insect managed to crawl up the wall.7. The man was soothed by the soft mu-sic.8. She’s sick and she looks like she’s go-ing to faint.10. The strange substance was green and sticky, and it smelled sweet.

P. 110

vocabulary1. I think that people who are not afraid of snakes are very brave.3. The insect managed to crawl up the wall.7. The man was soothed by the soft mu-sic.8. She’s sick and she looks like she’s go-ing to faint.10. The strange substance was green and sticky, and it smelled sweet.12. His father beat Gregor back into his bedroom.

P. 110

vocabulary1. I think that people who are not afraid of snakes are very brave.3. The insect managed to crawl up the wall.7. The man was soothed by the soft mu-sic.8. She’s sick and she looks like she’s go-ing to faint.10. The strange substance was green and sticky, and it smelled sweet.12. His father beat Gregor back into his bedroom.13. His feet were smelly after being in shoes all day.

P. 110

vocabulary2. It was a shock to realize that he was a cockroach.

P. 110

vocabulary2. It was a shock to realize that he was a cockroach.4. Hurry up! Grab your coat and let’s go.

P. 110

vocabulary2. It was a shock to realize that he was a cockroach.4. Hurry up! Grab your coat and let’s go.5. The food he was eating was disgusting.

P. 110

vocabulary2. It was a shock to realize that he was a cockroach.4. Hurry up! Grab your coat and let’s go.5. The food he was eating was disgusting.6. The most disgusting insect is a cock-roach.

P. 110

vocabulary2. It was a shock to realize that he was a cockroach.4. Hurry up! Grab your coat and let’s go.5. The food he was eating was disgusting.6. The most disgusting insect is a cock-roach.9. She was terrified when she saw the cockroach.

P. 110

vocabulary2. It was a shock to realize that he was a cockroach.4. Hurry up! Grab your coat and let’s go.5. The food he was eating was disgusting.6. The most disgusting insect is a cock-roach.9. She was terrified when she saw the cockroach.11. Gregor’s legs were useless; he couldn’t stand up.

P. 110

P. 114Grammar 31. Gregor’s manager came to his house to see why he was late.

2. His family locked Gregor in his room to keep him there.

3. His father grabbed a walking stick and newspaper to beat Gregor.

4. Grete went into Gregor’s room every day to feed him.

5. Gregor followed Grete into the dining room to help her.

6. Gregor came out of his room to listen to the music.

7. His family took a train ride to celebrate his death.


Youth is happy because it has the abil-ity to see beauty. Anyone who keeps the ability to see beauty never grows old.

Productivity is being able to do things that you were never able to do before.

A book must be an ice-axe to break the seas frozen inside our soul.

"Isolation is a way to know ourselves."

Kafka said . . .

Unit 6. The Metamorphosis

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Transcript of Unit 6. The Metamorphosis