Unit 6 - The Christian kingdoms - 2º eso bil
-
Upload
rocio-gonzalez -
Category
Education
-
view
2.456 -
download
2
description
Transcript of Unit 6 - The Christian kingdoms - 2º eso bil
![Page 1: Unit 6 - The Christian kingdoms - 2º eso bil](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081417/555b9f0bd8b42a6e588b4a57/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Christian KingdomsUnit 6 - 2º ESO
![Page 2: Unit 6 - The Christian kingdoms - 2º eso bil](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081417/555b9f0bd8b42a6e588b4a57/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
1- How did the Christian kingdoms begin?
Christian resistanceThe muslims conquered almost the entire Iberian
Peninsula.
![Page 3: Unit 6 - The Christian kingdoms - 2º eso bil](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081417/555b9f0bd8b42a6e588b4a57/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The remaining visigoths in the northern area founded the Christian kingdoms between the 8th and 9th centuries.
These kingdoms would lead the Reconquest, that means the fights to recover territories under muslim rule.
![Page 4: Unit 6 - The Christian kingdoms - 2º eso bil](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081417/555b9f0bd8b42a6e588b4a57/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The first kingdoms formed were:
.The kingdom of Asturias and León, originated in the Cantabrian mountains.
.The kingdom of Navarre and the Aragonese and Catalan counties, originated in the Pyrenees.
![Page 5: Unit 6 - The Christian kingdoms - 2º eso bil](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081417/555b9f0bd8b42a6e588b4a57/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
During eight centuries christians and muslims coexisted in the Iberian Peninsula (from 711 to 1492).
![Page 6: Unit 6 - The Christian kingdoms - 2º eso bil](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081417/555b9f0bd8b42a6e588b4a57/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Asturias and León
KINGDOM OF ASTURIAS
Pelayo was chosen as the king of Asturias in 718.
He won the Battle of Covadonga (722) to the muslims, stopping its expansion.
![Page 7: Unit 6 - The Christian kingdoms - 2º eso bil](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081417/555b9f0bd8b42a6e588b4a57/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Kingdom of Asturias
The court (or capital) was established in Oviedo.
During the 9th century Asturian kings expanded their territory.
Their greatest expansion coincided with the reign of Alfonso III (866-910).
In the 10th century the court was moved to the city of León, and the kingdom changed its name to Kingdom of León.
![Page 8: Unit 6 - The Christian kingdoms - 2º eso bil](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081417/555b9f0bd8b42a6e588b4a57/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Kingdom of Léon
From 910 the Kingdom of
Asturias became known as
the Kingdom of León, because
of the change of its capital.
The capital was moved due to
its expansion towards River
Duero.
It will last until 1230.
![Page 9: Unit 6 - The Christian kingdoms - 2º eso bil](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081417/555b9f0bd8b42a6e588b4a57/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Activities
Homework: Exercise 1 on page 57.
![Page 10: Unit 6 - The Christian kingdoms - 2º eso bil](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081417/555b9f0bd8b42a6e588b4a57/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
2- How did Castile evolve?
![Page 11: Unit 6 - The Christian kingdoms - 2º eso bil](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081417/555b9f0bd8b42a6e588b4a57/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
CASTILE COUNTIES
The Kingdom of León declined after the 10th century, and Castile counties increased their power.
Castile territory was in frontier with the muslims, so they had a lot of castles to defend the Christian territory from attacks.
Castile counties became united under the count Fernán González (930-970).
From 951 he governed Castile independently from León.
![Page 12: Unit 6 - The Christian kingdoms - 2º eso bil](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081417/555b9f0bd8b42a6e588b4a57/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Kingdom of Castile
In 1035 Castile became an independent Kingdom, in the hands of King Fernando I.
![Page 13: Unit 6 - The Christian kingdoms - 2º eso bil](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081417/555b9f0bd8b42a6e588b4a57/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The Pyrenean region
Origin -> It was the Spanish March in the Carolingian Empire.
In the 9th century the Carolingian Empire finished, and three different regions emerged:
.Navarre
.Aragón
.Catalan counties
![Page 14: Unit 6 - The Christian kingdoms - 2º eso bil](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081417/555b9f0bd8b42a6e588b4a57/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Kingdom of Navarre
The count Íñigo Arista formed
the Kingdom of Pamplona, after
renamed Kingdom of Navarre with
its expansion towards the south.
From the 10th century, the Jimena dynasty ruled in Navarre and extended their influence.
Sancho III the Great (1000-1035) became a powerful king in the peninsula. He added to his kingdom the Aragonese counties, Castile and part of León. But after his death, his kingdom broke up.
![Page 15: Unit 6 - The Christian kingdoms - 2º eso bil](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081417/555b9f0bd8b42a6e588b4a57/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Unit 6 - The Christian kingdoms - 2º eso bil](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081417/555b9f0bd8b42a6e588b4a57/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Sancho III's legacyAfter his death, the kingdom was divided between his sons:
.His first-born son García Sánchez III inherited Navarre.
.Fernando I received Castile county.
.Ramiro I got Aragón.
.Gonzalo received the
counties of Sobrarbe and
Ribagorza.
![Page 17: Unit 6 - The Christian kingdoms - 2º eso bil](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081417/555b9f0bd8b42a6e588b4a57/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The Aragonese counties
Origin - They were part of the Carolingian Empire until:
820 - The count Aznar Galindo achieved independence for Aragón.
922 - Aragón came under the rule of the Kingdom of Navarre.
1035 - After the death of Sancho III, Aragón achieved its independence again.
![Page 18: Unit 6 - The Christian kingdoms - 2º eso bil](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081417/555b9f0bd8b42a6e588b4a57/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The Catalan counties
Origin -> in the Carolingian Empire the Catalonian territory was divided into different counties.
Wilfred the Hairy united the Catalan counties in 874. He ruled them independently from
the Carolingian Empire.
It had stability due to good relations
with the Caliphate.
From the 10th century it obtained its
independence.
![Page 19: Unit 6 - The Christian kingdoms - 2º eso bil](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081417/555b9f0bd8b42a6e588b4a57/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Activities
Exercise 1 on page 58.
![Page 20: Unit 6 - The Christian kingdoms - 2º eso bil](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081417/555b9f0bd8b42a6e588b4a57/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
3- What was the art of the Christian kingdoms like?
-During the Reconquest period, Art developed in the Christian kingdoms, as it did in Al-Andalus.
-We can distinguish different art styles in the different regions.
-The most important styles were:
.Asturian Art
.Mozarabic Art
.Mudejar Art
-Afterwards Romanesque and Gothic Art began.
![Page 21: Unit 6 - The Christian kingdoms - 2º eso bil](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081417/555b9f0bd8b42a6e588b4a57/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Asturian Art
-Main examples near Oviedo.
-Santa María del Naranco.
![Page 22: Unit 6 - The Christian kingdoms - 2º eso bil](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081417/555b9f0bd8b42a6e588b4a57/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
San Miguel de Lillo
![Page 23: Unit 6 - The Christian kingdoms - 2º eso bil](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081417/555b9f0bd8b42a6e588b4a57/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
San Julián de los Prados
![Page 24: Unit 6 - The Christian kingdoms - 2º eso bil](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081417/555b9f0bd8b42a6e588b4a57/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Cross of the Angels
![Page 25: Unit 6 - The Christian kingdoms - 2º eso bil](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081417/555b9f0bd8b42a6e588b4a57/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Victory Cross
![Page 26: Unit 6 - The Christian kingdoms - 2º eso bil](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081417/555b9f0bd8b42a6e588b4a57/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Mozarabic Art
San Miguel de Escalada (León)
![Page 27: Unit 6 - The Christian kingdoms - 2º eso bil](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081417/555b9f0bd8b42a6e588b4a57/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
San Miguel de Escalada
![Page 28: Unit 6 - The Christian kingdoms - 2º eso bil](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081417/555b9f0bd8b42a6e588b4a57/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
San Cebrián de Mazote (Valladolid)
![Page 29: Unit 6 - The Christian kingdoms - 2º eso bil](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081417/555b9f0bd8b42a6e588b4a57/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Beatus of Liébana
![Page 30: Unit 6 - The Christian kingdoms - 2º eso bil](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081417/555b9f0bd8b42a6e588b4a57/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Mudejar ArtTeruel Cathedral
![Page 31: Unit 6 - The Christian kingdoms - 2º eso bil](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081417/555b9f0bd8b42a6e588b4a57/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
San Tirso (Sahagún)
![Page 32: Unit 6 - The Christian kingdoms - 2º eso bil](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081417/555b9f0bd8b42a6e588b4a57/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
San Lorenzo (Sahagún)
![Page 33: Unit 6 - The Christian kingdoms - 2º eso bil](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081417/555b9f0bd8b42a6e588b4a57/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Santa María Church, Illescas (Toledo)
![Page 34: Unit 6 - The Christian kingdoms - 2º eso bil](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081417/555b9f0bd8b42a6e588b4a57/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Activities
Exercise 1 on page 59
![Page 35: Unit 6 - The Christian kingdoms - 2º eso bil](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081417/555b9f0bd8b42a6e588b4a57/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
4 - How did the Christian kingdoms advance?
![Page 36: Unit 6 - The Christian kingdoms - 2º eso bil](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081417/555b9f0bd8b42a6e588b4a57/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
-The expansion of the Christian Kingdoms
.The Duero Valley - during the 9 and 10th centuries the Reconquest arrived to the River Duero. Colonizations of the land was the system of Repopulation.
.The Tajo and Ebro valleys - during the 11-12th centuries the Reconquest continued in an easier way because the Taifas (1031) were weaker than the Christian kingdoms. This was a period of big expansion.
The Repopulation was made creating cities or towns (capital) and small villages depending on them. Kings give fueros to towns.
After the 11th century much of the land was underpopulated so kings gave big feudal estates to nobles, the Church or military orders.
![Page 37: Unit 6 - The Christian kingdoms - 2º eso bil](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081417/555b9f0bd8b42a6e588b4a57/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
.The Guadalquivir Valley, Levante and the Balearic
islands - the defeat of the almohads in Las Navas de Tolosa battle in 1212 was the beginning of the end for muslims. Christian kingdoms expanded and almost finished with the muslims territories.
![Page 38: Unit 6 - The Christian kingdoms - 2º eso bil](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081417/555b9f0bd8b42a6e588b4a57/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: Unit 6 - The Christian kingdoms - 2º eso bil](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081417/555b9f0bd8b42a6e588b4a57/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Three culturesThree main cultures (and religions) coexisted in the
Christian kingdoms after the Reconquest:
.The Christians, who were the more numerous.
.The Mudejars, who were muslims in christian territory.
.The Jews, with tense relations in this period.
![Page 40: Unit 6 - The Christian kingdoms - 2º eso bil](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081417/555b9f0bd8b42a6e588b4a57/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Activities
Exercises 1 and 2 on page 61.
![Page 41: Unit 6 - The Christian kingdoms - 2º eso bil](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081417/555b9f0bd8b42a6e588b4a57/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
5 - How did the Crown of Castile evolve?
THE CROWN OF CASTILE
-Castile became the most powerful christian kingdom.
-Alfonso VI conquered Toledo in 1085.
-In 1212 the Christian kingdoms won the battle of Las Navas de Tolosa, and the Almohads almost disappeared.
-In 1139 (12th century) Portugal became an independent kingdom.
-In 1230 Fernando III united León and
Castile founding the Crown of Castile.
![Page 42: Unit 6 - The Christian kingdoms - 2º eso bil](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081417/555b9f0bd8b42a6e588b4a57/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
The Crown of Castile
GOVERNMENT
The Crown of Castile was a state in the Iberian Peninsula that formed in 1230 as a result of the definitive union of the crowns of the kingdoms of Castile and León upon the accession of the then King Ferdinand III of Castile to the vacant Leonese throne.
The Kingdom of León and the Kingdom of Castile kept different Parliaments, different flags, different coin and different laws until the Modern Era.
The Castilian king had great power, and Castilian Cortes could not legislate, their function was to regulate new taxes.
![Page 43: Unit 6 - The Christian kingdoms - 2º eso bil](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081417/555b9f0bd8b42a6e588b4a57/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
The Crown of CastileECONOMY
The economy was based on agriculture and stockbreeding. In stockbreeding merino sheep stood out.
Wool of high quality was exported, and it was used to textile industry as well.
Sheep breeders were important and had privileges, recognized through the creation of the Honourable Council of the Mesta in 1273.
Craftsmanship and trade developed
as well thanks to the importance of the
merino wool.
![Page 44: Unit 6 - The Christian kingdoms - 2º eso bil](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081417/555b9f0bd8b42a6e588b4a57/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Homework
Activity 1 on page 62.
![Page 45: Unit 6 - The Christian kingdoms - 2º eso bil](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081417/555b9f0bd8b42a6e588b4a57/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
6 - How did the Crown of Aragón evolve?The Crown of Aragón originated
in 1137, when the Kingdom of Aragón and the County of Barcelona merged by dynastic union by the marriage of Ramón Berenguer IV of Barcelona and Petronilla of Aragón; their titles were combined in the person of their son, Alfonso II of Aragón, who ascended to the throne in 1162.
This union respected the existing institutions and parliaments of both territories.
![Page 46: Unit 6 - The Christian kingdoms - 2º eso bil](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081417/555b9f0bd8b42a6e588b4a57/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
The Crown of AragónAlfonso II conquered the region of the Ebro valley.
In the 13th century, James I the Conqueror expanded their territories to the mediterranean coast and the Balearic Islands.
After him, at the beginning of the 14th century, Peter IV the Ceremonious and his successors continued the expansion towards the Mediterranean area, arriving to Sicily, Sardinia and Naples.
![Page 47: Unit 6 - The Christian kingdoms - 2º eso bil](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081417/555b9f0bd8b42a6e588b4a57/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
The Crown of Aragón
GOVERNMENT AND ECONOMY
The Crown of Aragón kept the institutions and individual customs of every kingdom forming part of the Crown.
The king of Aragón had to agree with the Cortes of each kingdom to introduce any change.
In economy the main activities were agriculture and trade (Mediterranean trade, consulates).