Unit 6 Seminar – Control

Unit 5 Review What’s Due in Unit 6? Four Steps of Control Systems The Role of Six Sigma Internal vs. External Audits

Leading versus managing Vision Types of leadership Power and leadership Approaches to leadership Motivation

There are three graded assignments in Unit 6:

1. Discussion Assignment-40 points2. Dropbox Assignment-40 points3. Quiz-60 points

Reading:Chapter 13

First post no later than Saturday

100 words or more

Spelling and grammar do count

Post on at least three different days

Watch the video! Draft your Assignment paper of at least

100 words in MS Word format. Be sure your paper is well written in

paragraph form, with correct spelling, grammar, and punctuation.

Be sure to name your file according to the Kaplan file-naming convention.

20 question on the four functions of management

You may take the quiz only one time

Must be completed by midnight Eastern time on Tuesday

Two hour time limit

1. How many points can be earned if all questions on the quiz are answered correctly?

2. What material will be covered in the quiz?

3. How long will you have to complete the quiz?

Control is one of the four primary functions of management.

Control is any process that directs activities toward the achievement of organizational goals.

Formal Control Systems (also referred to as Bureaucratic Control Systems) measure progress toward organizational goals, making corrections and adjustments as needed.

“You know you’re a good manager when you can empower people to do their jobs effectively without you. But I also need to make sure that projects are done within budget, with high quality, and within a reasonable amount of time” Derek Hawthorne, property manager

Page 284 Bateman and Snell

Bureaucratic

Market

Clan

System Control Features and Requirements

Bureaucratic control Uses formal rules, standards, hierarchy, and legitimate authority. Works best where tasks are certain and workers are independent.

Market control Uses prices, competition, profit centers, and exchange relationships. Works best where tangible output can be identified and market can be established between parties.

Clan control Involves culture, shared values, beliefs, expectations, and trust. Works best where there is “no one best way” to do a job and employees are empowered to make decisions.From: Bateman & Snell Leading & Collaborating in a Competitive World

1. Setting Performance Standards2. Measuring Performance3. Comparing performance against the

standards and determining deviations4. Taking action to correct problems and

reinforce successes

1. Setting performance standards

– Standard - expected performance for a given goal, a target that establishes a desired performance level; motivates performance, and serves as a benchmark against which actual performance is assessed

– Can you think of an example of a goal and its standard in your workplace?

2. Measuring performance

How are performance goals measured in your workplace?

3. Comparing performance against the standards and determining deviations

What methods do you or your managers use to perform this step?

4. Taking action to correct problems and reinforce successes

“Mistakes and problems are inevitable in complex enterprises.... We shouldn’t expect heads of established organizations to be perfect, but we should expect them to catch and correct their mistakes quickly.”

Rosabeth Moss Kanter, professor, Harvard Business School

Feedforward

Concurrent

Feedback

Quality decreased

Errors increase

Costs increase

What is Six Sigma?

› It is a way to measure of quality

Six Sigma is a quality management concept whose goal is the elimination of defects from a company’s product or service.

It involves adjusting various aspects of and around the product or service until it is consistently what the customers want and need.

The term “sigma” refers to how far a product or service is from being “perfect”, free of defects (relative to customers’ wants and needs).

This state of “perfection” or being as free of defects as possible is believed to be achieved at Six Sigma.

The higher the sigma number, the lower the level of variation or defects.

At six-sigma-level, a process is producing fewer than 3.4 defects per million (approximately 99.99966 accuracy)

For those organizations that use this tool, the management works hard to engage the organization in an effort to eliminate the causes of all defects in the product or service.› One approach that managers may use to

address defects is to place employees in work teams that focus on finding improvements and solutions that will prevent a certain defect from arising in the first place.

Two types:

› Internal› External

External Audit - an evaluation conducted by one organization, such as a CPA firm, on another

Internal Audit - a periodic assessment of a company’s own planning, organizing, leading, and controlling processes

What type of control is an audit?

A. Feedforward B. Concurrent C. Feedback

Have you ever participated in an audit at your workplace?

What type of audit was it? What were some of the pros and cons

of the audit experience that you noticed?

In this seminar, we’ve discussed:

› The four steps/stages in Control Systems› The role of Six Sigma› Internal and External Audits in the workplace

stdrds

measure

variance

correct

In our next seminar we will be looking at teams. Why they are important and what makes them work.

I hope to see you then!