Unit 6 - Exception Handling
Transcript of Unit 6 - Exception Handling
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Unit 6 – !ception "an#ling
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Basic Java
Unit 6 – !ception "an#ling
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Unit 6 – !ception "an#ling
Topics
Ø rror "an#ling in Conventional 'ang(agesØ !ceptionsØ !ception "an#ling in Java
Ø !ception "ierarchyØ Throwa)le ClassØ rror an# !ceptionØ Types o* !ceptionsØ Throwing !ceptionsØ
+eclaring !ceptions per ,etho#Ø Catching !ceptionØ +esigning (ser-#e*ine# !ception classes
Ø ,etho# verri#ing an# !ceptions
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Unit 6 – !ception "an#ling
rror Con#ition§ (r applications sho(l# )e )(ilt to s(rvive /error
con#itions.
§ The program 1 mo#(le m(st han#le the error sit(ation
grace*(lly an# not (st terminate a)r(ptly
3hat /error are we tal4ing a)o(t 5
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Unit 6 – !ception "an#ling
rror Con#ition§ n error is a con#ition #(e to which a program cannot
normally contin(e e!ec(tion an# nee#s to )e a)r(ptly
terminate#.
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Unit 6 – !ception "an#ling
rror han#ling in tra#itional lang(ages§ Tra#itional error han#ling metho#s incl(#e
§ Boolean *(nctions $which ret(rn T7U1'9&.
§ %nteger *(nctions $ret(rns –: on error&.§ n# other ret(rn arg(ments an# special val(es.
int main () {
int res;
if (can_fail () == -1) { cout << "Something failed!" << endl;
return 1;
}
if(div(1res) == -1) {
cout << "ivision #$ %ero!" << endl; return &;
}
return ;
}
Can %
(n#erstan#
what wentwrong with
(st the
ret(rn
val(e5
m % *orce#
to receive
theret(rning
val(e *rom a
*(nction5
%s error
han#ling
#one in aseries o* i*
then )loc45
%s my co#emaintaina)l
e5
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Unit 6 – !ception "an#ling
Pro)lems with tra#itional approach
Caller is not *orce# to
receive the val(e
ret(rne# )y the *(nction
(nction can ret(rn only
one val(e ; not #etails
o* the error con#ition ,(ltiple i*-else lea#s tocl(ttere# co#e ; is
#i**ic(lt to maintain
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Unit 6 – !ception "an#ling
!ception han#ling in Java§ Javas s(pport *or error han#ling is #one thro(gh
!ceptions.
§ 'hat is an ce*tion+§ n exception is an event that occ(rs #(ring the e!ec(tion
o* a program that #isr(pts the normal *low o* instr(ctions.
§ %n the wa4e o* s(ch an event< the J=, creates an
e!ception o)ect< that contains in*ormation a)o(t the error<
incl(#ing its type an# state o* the program when the error
occ(rre#.
§ Creating an e!ception o)ect an# noti*ying the caller o*
the metho# is calle# throwing an exception.
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Unit 6 – !ception "an#ling
!ception han#ling mechanism
,ain
,etho# where
error occ(rre#
,etho# Call
Throws
e!ception
'oo4ing *or
appropriate han#ler
9ample 'isting> ivisionrroremo,ava
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Unit 6 – !ception "an#ling
3hy (se e!ceptions5§ !ception han#ling provi#es the programmer with
many a#vantages over tra#itional error-han#ling
techni?(es>
Can %
(n#erstan#what went
wrong an#
where when
an error is
thrown5
m % *orce#
to han#lee!ceptions5
%s error
han#ling#one in a
series o* i*
then )loc45
%s my co#e
maintaina)l
e5
%s it easy to
(n#erstan#
how to
han#le
e!ceptions5
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Unit 6 – !ception "an#ling
To s(mmari@e a#vantages o* !ception
han#ling§ !ception han#ling provi#es the programmer with
many a#vantages over tra#itional error-han#ling
techni?(es>
§ %t provi#es a means to separate error-han#ling co#e *rom
*(nctioning program co#e.
§ %t provi#es a mechanism *or propagating errors (p the
metho# call stac4< meaning that metho#s higher (p the call
chain can )e allowe# to han#le pro)lems originating lower
in the chain.
§ %t provi#es a way to organi@e an# #i**erentiate )etween
#i**erent types o* a)normal con#itions.
§ Both< application logic an# pro)lem han#ling logic< )ecome
simpler< cleaner an# clearer.
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Unit 6 – !ception "an#ling
Throwa)le class§ 3hen an error occ(rs in a metho# the caller o* the metho# is noti*ie#
)y throwing an e!ception o)ect< this o)ect sho(l# )e o* the typeclass Throwable.
§ Throwable has two s()classes< Error an# Exception.
.#ect
/hro0a#le
ce*tionrror
untimece*tion
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Unit 6 – !ception "an#ling
rrors
§ rrors are e!ceptional con#itions that are e!ternal to theapplication< an# that the application cannot anticipate or recover
*rom< there*ore rrors are not handled #$ the a**lication.§ or e!ample<
§ n application has to open a *ile an# write to it< #(e to somehard0are error < the application is (na)le to open the *ile we wo(l#get a ava.io.%rror.
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Unit 6 – !ception "an#ling
Types o* !ception
.#ect
/hro0a#le
ce*tionrror
untimece*tion
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Unit 6 – !ception "an#ling
Types o* !ception
§ !ceptions are o* 2 types§ 2hec3ed ece*tions
§ 4nchec3ed or runtime ece*tion
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Unit 6 – !ception "an#ling
Types o* !ception
§ 2hec3ed ece*tions § These are e!ceptional con#itions that a well written application
sho(l# anticipate an# recover *rom.§ 9ince these e!ceptions are anticipate# an# are recovera)le
con#itions< com*iler forces these e!ceptions to )e han#le#.
e.g.> ileAoto(n#!ception< %!ception< 9'!ception
§ 4nchec3ed or runtime ece*tion§
These are e!ceptional con#itions that are internal to theapplication< an# that the application cannot anticipate or recover*rom.
§ These (s(ally in#icate programming )(gs< s(ch as logical errors orimproper (se o* an P%.
§ 9ince these can )e *i!e# programmatically< com*iler does not
force these e!ceptions to )e han#le#. e.g.> A(llPointer!ception< rray%n#e!(t*Bo(n#s!ception
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Unit 6 – !ception "an#ling
"ow #o % han#le e!ceptions5
§ Ao nee# to import any ava pac4age§ Java programming lang(age s(pports< e!ception han#ling
)y provi#ing three e!ception han#ler components< these
are§ try § catch
§ finally
§ The try < catch an# finally )loc4s are (se# to write an
e!ception han#ler.
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Unit 6 – !ception "an#ling
try Bloc4
tr$
co#e
DDD..
E
try )loc4
§ ny co#e that might throw an e!ception is enclose#within a try )loc4. %t is the *irst step in constr(cting an
e!ception han#ler.
U it 6 ti " #li
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Unit 6 – !ception "an#ling
try Bloc4 !ample
p()lic int co(ntChars$9tring *ileAame&
int total F 0G try
ile7ea#er r F new ile7ea#er$*ileAame&G
while$ r.rea#y$&&
r.rea#$&G totalHHG
E
r.close$&G
E
E
U it 6 ti " #li
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Unit 6 – !ception "an#ling
catch Bloc4§ The catch )loc4 contains
co#e that is e!ec(te# i* an#when the e!ception occ(rs.
§ catch )loc4 is an e!ceptionhan#ler associate# with a try )loc4 an# han#les the type o*e!ception in#icate# )y its
arg(ment.
§ very try )loc4 is associate#with zero or more catchblock
try
E
catch$ExceptionType name&
Ecatch$ExceptionType name&
E
Unit 6 ception "an#ling
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Unit 6 – !ception "an#ling
catch Bloc4 !ample
p()lic int co(ntChars$9tring *ileAame&
int total F 0G try
ile7ea#er r F new ile7ea#er$*ileAame&G
while$ r.rea#y$&&
r.rea#$&G
totalHHG
E r.close$&G
E
catch$ileAoto(n#!ception e&
9ystem.o(t.println$Iile name# I H *ileAame H Inot *o(n#. I He&G
total F -:G
E catch$%!ception e&
9ystem.o(t.println$Una)le to per*orm %1< please try laterK&G
total F -:G
E
E
Unit 6 !ception "an#ling
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Unit 6 – !ception "an#ling
Try Catch Bloc4 !ample
*u#lic static dou#le divide(int a int #)
{
dou#le 5uotient=;
tr${
5uotient=a6#;
} catch (7rithmeticce*tion e){ S$stem,out,*rintln(" ivisor is 8ero");}
return 5uotient;
}
Unit 6 !ception "an#ling
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Unit 6 – !ception "an#ling
Try catch Bloc4 !ample*u#lic static void main(String9: args)
{
int a=;
int #=;
tr${
a=nteger,*arsent(args9:);
#=nteger,*arsent(args91:);}
catch (um#erormatce*tion e)
{
S$stem,out,*rintln(" >lease enter an integer onl$ ,,,");
}
dou#le ans=divide(a#);
S$stem,out,*rintln("/he 5uotient is "? ans);
}
9ee listing > @andledivisionrroemo,ava
Unit 6 !ception "an#ling
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Unit 6 – !ception "an#ling
!ercise§ 3rite some co#e that is capa)le o* generating e!ceptions
li4e rithmetic!ception< A(m)erormat!ception<
rray%n#e!(t*Bo(n#s!ception etc
3rite an e!ception han#ler< that is< enclose these line o*
co#e in try )loc4 an# write appropriate catch )loc4s to catch
#i**erent e!ception types.
Unit 6 – !ception "an#ling
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Unit 6 – !ception "an#ling
!ception "an#ler § %t is possi)le to write a generic catch )loc4 to catch any
type o* e!ception that might occ(r
p()lic int co(ntChars$9tring *ileAame&
int total F 0G
try
ile7ea#er r F new ile7ea#er$*ileAame&G
while$ int c F r.rea#$& LF -:&
totalHHGr.close$&G
E
catch$ileAoto(n#!ception e&
9ystem.o(t.println$Iile name# I H *ileAame H Inot *o(n#. I He&G
E
catch$%!ception e& 9ystem.o(t.println$Una)le to per*orm %1< please try laterK&G
E
catch$!ception e&
9ystem.o(t.println$Una)le to contin(e processing< #(e to
some internal errorK&G
E
3henever an
!ception other than
ileAoto(n# or
%!ception occ(r<
this catch )loc4 isinvo4e#
9(ch a generic catch
)loc4 sho(l# )e
incl(#e# at the en#<
a*ter the speci*ic
catch )loc4s
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Unit 6 !ception "an#ling
Clean (p co#e
p()lic int co(ntChars$9tring *ileAame&
int total F 0G try
ile7ea#er r F new ile7ea#er$*ileAame&G
while$ r.rea#y$&&
r.rea#$&G
totalHHG
E r.close$&G
E
catch$ileAoto(n#!ception e&
9ystem.o(t.println$Iile name# I H *ileAame H Inot *o(n#. I He&G
total F -:G
r.close$&G E
catch$%!ception e&
9ystem.o(t.println$Una)le to per*orm %1< please try laterK&G
total F -:G
r.close$&G
E
+eveloper nee#s to
per*orm clean (p
that is< release the
*ile that was opene#
programmatically
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Unit 6 !ception "an#ling
*inally Bloc4§ finally )loc4 is e!ec(te# irrespective o* whether the try )loc4
throws an error or not.§ finally )loc4 is g(arantee# to )e e!ec(te# an# can )e (se# *or any
clean-(p co#e.§ %* no catch )loc4 matches an e!ception thrown< control is trans*erre#
to the finally )loc4.§ There can )e only one finally )loc4 *or a try )loc4.
try
E
catch$ExceptionType name&
E
finall$
E
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Unit 6 !ception "an#ling
*inally Bloc4 !ample*u#lic int count2hars(String fileame) {
int total = ;
ileeader r = ne0 ileeader(fileame);
tr$ { 0hile( r,read$()) {
r,read();
total??;
}
}
catch(ileotoundce*tion e){ S$stem,out,*rintln("ile named " ? fileame ? "not
found, " ? e);
total = -1;
}
catch(.ce*tion e){
S$stem,out,*rintln(".ce*tion occured "? "0hile
counting " ? e);
total = -1;
}
finall$ {
r,close(); }
Clean (p co#egoes into *inally
)loc4
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p g
System-Defined Exception
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p g
System-Defined Exception§ IndexOutOfBoundsException :
§ When beyond the bound of index in the object which use index, suchas array, string, and vector
§ ArrayStoreException :§ When assign object of incorrect type to ee!ent of array
§ "egativeArraySi#eException :§ When using a negative si#e of array
§ "u$ointerException : § When refer to object as a nu pointer
§ SecurityException :§ When vioate security% &aused by security !anager
§ Iega'onitorStateException :§ When the thread which is not owner of !onitor invoves wait or notify
!ethod
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p g
Throwing an !ception§ ll metho#s (se the throw statement to throw an e!ception.§ The throw statement re?(ires a throwa)le o)ect as arg(ment.
throwa)le o)ect are instances o* any s()class o* the Throwable class.
§ throw ca(ses the metho# to terminate an# ret(rns an e!ceptiono)ect to the caller.
*u#lic static dou#le divide(int a int #)
{dou#le 5uotient=;
tr${ if (#==)
{ thro0 ne0 7rithmeticce*tion();
}
5uotient=a6#;
}
catch (7rithmeticce*tion e)
{ S$stem,out,*rintln(e,getAessage()?"Bn ivisor is 8ero");
}
return 5uotient;
}
.9ee listing > /hro0ivisionrroemo,ava
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Propagation o* (nca(ght e!ception.
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§ metho# can speci*y to throw an e!ception )ya##ing a throws cla(se to the metho# #eclaration.
§ The throws cla(se comprises the throws 4eywor#*ollowe# )y a comma-separate# list o* all thee!ceptions thrown )y that metho#.
§ The cla(se goes a*ter the metho# name an#arg(ment list an# )e*ore the )race that #e*ines thescope o* the metho#.
p()lic voi# write'ist$& thro0s ileotoundce*tion
.ce*tion
DDDDDDD
E
The /throws cla(se
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p()lic class Propagating!ceptionTest
voi# metho#:$& throws %!ception
D..
metho#2$&G
DD
E
voi# metho#2$& throws %!ception
DD
throw new %!ception$&G DD.
E
p()lic static voi# main$9tringNO args& throws %!ception
Propagation o* (nca(ght e!ception.
Unit 6 – !ception "an#ling
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!ception han#ling mechanism
+ata)ase
B(siness 'ogic
Control
U%
retrieveUser%n*o$& throws !ception
retrieves+ata$&
E
E
(ser'oginorm$&
a(thenticateUser%nControl$&GE
Throws
e!ception
a(thenticateUser$& throws !ception
retrieveUser%n*o$&
E
a(thenticateUser%nControl$&
a(thenticateUser$&G
E
"an#les
!ception with
try1catch
9ee listing > /hro0semo,ava
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9ome Use*(l ,etho#s§ The Throwa)le class has some (se*(l metho#s that can
)e calle# on any !ception type§ 9tring get,essage$&
§ 7et(rns the message that was set while the e!ception o)ect was
create#< )y calling the parameteri@e# constr(ctor ce*tion(String message)
§ 9tring to9tring§ 7et(rns a 9tring representation o* the e!ception o)ect
§ voi# print9tac4Trace$&
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9tac4Trace
• *rintStac3/race() metho# helps to trace the origin o* the
!ception
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User #e*ine# !ceptions§ %* an e!ception cannot )e
represente# )y those in
the Java plat*orm< a (sercan #e*ine his own
e!ception.
§ The (ser #e*ine#e!ception class sho(l#
)e a s()class o*
!ception or any o* its
s() types.
*u#lic class
ProductNotFoundException
etends ce*tion
E
p()lic Pro#(ct getPro#(ct$int
pro#%#& throws
ProductNotFoundException
DDD
DDD
E
Unit 6 – !ception "an#ling
/
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/Throwing !ceptions§ Use the /throw cla(se to throw the (ser #e*ine# e!ception o)ect
§ The throw statement re?(ires a throwa)le o)ect as arg(ment.Throwa)le o)ects are instances o* any s()class o* the Throwable class.
§ throw ca(ses the metho# to terminate an# ret(rns an e!ceptiono)ect to the caller.
p()lic Pro#(ct getPro#(ct$int pro#%#& throwsPro#(ctAoto(n#!ception
11 7etrieve pro#(ct in*o *rom the #ata)ase
11 select Q *rom Pro#(ct where pro#Ri# F pro#%#
i*$L*o(n#&
thro0 ne0
>roductotoundce*tion();
ret(rn pro#(ctG
E
Unit 6 – !ception "an#ling
U # *i # ti
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User #e*ine# !ceptions
!ception
ge!ception
(t*ge'imit!ception %llegalgeormat!ception
TooSo(ng!ception Tool#!ception Aegativege!ception
9ee listing > 4serefinedce*tionsemo,ava
Unit 6 – !ception "an#ling
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Please try to limit the questions to the topics discussed during the session. Thank you.
(estion time