Unit 5 y 6. Animals. -...

Unit 5 y 6. Animals Science 1º ESO

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Unit 5 y 6. Animals.

Adapted from Natural Science. 1º ESO. Anaya

Natural Science 1º ESO


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INDEX

1. VOCABULARY........................................................................ 1

2. VOCABULARIO...................................................................... 2

3. UNIT CHART........................................................Cover and 3

4. UNIT ACTIVITIES AND NOTES.................................... 4-14

1. VOCABULARY UNIT 5 y 6. ANIMALS Here you have 5 key words of this Unit. You have to study

them. If you include more definition in your notebook (4 MORE

AT LEAST), you will have extra points in your notebook marks.

1. VERTEBRATE: Animal that has a spinal cord

2. OVIPAROUS. When animals produces eggs that contain their young. Example chicken, ant, frog…

3. VIVIPAROUS. When animals give birth to fully developed babies. Example: deer, cow, lion, kangaroo…

4. POIKILOTHERM. Organism whose body temperature is not constant. Example, snake, snail, turtle, spider…

5. Homoeothermic. Organism whose body temperature is constant independently of the temperature around it. Example: Seal, Eagle, penguin, duck, parrot Write 10 examples of viviparous animals Write 10 examples of oviparous animals Write 10 examples of Poikilotherm animals

Write 10 examples of homeotherm animals


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2- VOCABULARIO TEMA 5 Y 6 ANIMALES

De cada palabra escribe su definición, un ejemplo si te lo pido

y su traducción al inglés. No olvides incluirlo en tu cuaderno.

1. Metamorfosis. Ejemplo

2. Exoesqueleto. Ejemplo de animal que lo tenga.

3. Vivíparo. Ejemplo

4. Ovíparo. Ejemplo

5. Ovovivíparo. Ejemplo

6. Vejiga natatoria. Ejemplo de animal que la tenga

7. Poiquilotermo. Ejemplo

8. Homeotermo. Ejemplo

9. Quilla. Ejemplo de animal que la tenga.

10. Placenta. Ejemplo de animal que la tenga


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3. UNIT’S CHART

1. Look the diagram on the cover and add the following terms in the appropriate place: Frog, Penguin, Platypus, deer, tadpole, kangaroo, seal, sparrow, eagle, duck, cow, tortoise, alligator, and sardine. 2. Reptiles are classified into which groups? 3. And Birds? 4. And Mammals?

5. What is the difference between a cartilaginous fish and bony fish? Examples of each

4. BASIC CONCEPTS. ACTIVITIES AND NOTES.

DESCRIBING ANIMALS.

Here you have some useful words to describe the bodies of animals:

According to the place they live they can be land animals or aquatic animals. There are also parasitic animals.

Regarding the size of the animal we can use these adjectives: large, small, medium sized...

Shape. Animals can be round like an urchin, long like a worm, flat like a fish...

A mammal’s body can be divided into a head, a trunk and limbs while an insect’s body

includes a head, a thorax and an abdomen.

We can distinguish different kinds of limbs: legs for walking, wings for flying and fins for swimming.. Human beings have fingernails but cats have claws which are sharper and longer. Horses have hooves.


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Many mammals have a tail, the octopus has tentacles and many arthropods have

antennae.

Our skin is covered in hair but fishes and reptiles have scales. Birds are covered in feathers and can also be recognised by their beaks.

Inside our bodies there are bones. Other animals haven’t got bones; their bodies are soft or are protected by a shell; a very hard shell like those of molluscs or not so hard like the shells of insects or prawns. The vertebrates have got backbone and the invertebrate haven’t got it.

There are several respiratory systems by which animals feed themselves. Aquatic animals use

gills to breathe but land animals have lungs. Land arthropods have a net of tiny pipes called

tracheae.


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Fertilization, that is the union of sexual cells, can take place in the environment (external

fertilization) or inside the female’s body (internal fertilization). The internal one is more

common for land animals. The embryo develops inside an egg, either outside the mother’s

body (oviparous animals) or inside the mother’s body (viviparous animals).

1. In complete sentences, describe a grasshopper using the correct words from this list. (20 words) long, small, pink, jump, wings, fins, green, invertebrate, short, vertebrate, big, swim, aquatic, land, red, mollusc, insect, fly

Example: A grasshopper is green.

2. Try to describe an spider a butterfly 3- Choose an animal you are interested in and make a card using the following descriptions ( EXTRA POINT):

Common name and scientific name. Classification Description (parts of the body, size, colours, main features...). Abilities (jump, climb, run, hunt, fly…). Food. Enemies Habitat and location (country, continent). Population. Is it endangered?

Example

Common name and scientific name. Cat/Felis Catus

Classification Kingdom Animalia. Mammal

Description (parts of the body, size, colours, main features...). It has got four legs, fur, a tail, whiskers and a nose It can be many different colours but mainly white, black, orange and brown. It is not very big. It is usually smaller than a dog.

Abilities (jump, climb, run, hunt, fly…). It is very good at running and jumping.

Food. It eats lots of meat like mice, insects and birds.

Enemies Its enemies include dogs, wolves and foxes.

Habitat and location (country, continent). It is located all over the world.

Population. Is it endangered? It is not endangered.

VERTEBRATES AND INVERTEBRATES Depending on their backbone or spinal column we can distinguish two groups:

Vertebrates. Animals that have got a backbone. It is a part of an internal skeleton.

Invertebrates. Animals that have not got an internal skeleton with a backbone. Some of them have not got a skeleton (like worms and jelly-fish) and others have got an external skeleton (like insects, spiders, and crabs).


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NAMES OF ANIMALS

Activity 3. You have to know ALL these animals. Write the translation next to each one.


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Activity 4. Classify all the animals from the list into vertebrates and invertebrates

Animal Parts Odd One Out Activity 5. Circle the three animals that are the same and explain what they have in common: (a) fish (b) lizard (c) bear (d) snake

Fish, lizards, and snakes all have scales, but bears don’t. (a) hermit crab (b) scorpion (c) lobster (d) rattle snake (a) polar bear (b) fish (c) cat (d) beaver (a) cow (b) dog (c) cat (d) black bear (a) goldfish (b) snail (c) turtle (d) armadillo (a) cow (b) horse (c) polar bear (d) sheep (a) boar (b) elephant (c) rhino (d) walrus (a) zebra (b) leopard (c) tiger (d) coral snake (a) zebra (b) anemone (c) jellyfish (d) squid (a) tadpole (b) frog (c) shark (d) angelfish INVERTEBRATES.

All animals that do not have an internal skeleton with a spine are classified as invertebrates.

The group of invertebrates is divided into many smaller groups:

Sponges/esponjas. These are very simple animals, they can’t move and their bodies are soft

and porous.

Cnidarian/cnidarios are corals, anemones and jellyfish. They have sack-like bodies with

tentacles.

Worms/gusanos are long animals with soft bodies; they have no legs. There are aquatic

worms and land worms, and some of them are parasites.


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Arthropods/artrópodos. They have a segmented body with appendages. All arthropods are

covered by a hard exoskeleton. Periodically, as an arthropod grows it sheds this covering. Most

animals in the world are arthropods, a very important group that includes:

o Arachnids/arácnidos (spiders): Land animals with the body divided into two different parts

and eight legs.

Insects/insectos (flies, mosquitoes, wasps, bees, ants, beetles, butterflies, crickets,

grasshoppers...) Their bodies are divided into three different parts: head, thorax and abdomen.

They have two antennae, six legs and often four wings.

o Myriapods/miriápodos (centipedes): they are land creatures and are shaped like worms but

they have many pairs of legs.

o Crustaceans/crustáceos (crabs, prawns...). Most of them are aquatic animals and have four

antennae and many legs. Some legs are used to swim, other legs are for walking, some legs

look like claws...

Molluscs have soft bodies and most of them also have a shell. That’s why they are

sometimes called shellfish. There are three types of molluscs:

o Gastropods/gasterópodos (snails) have a spiral-shaped shell with a single valve, except for

slugs.

o Bivalves/bivalvos (clams, mussels, cockles) have two valves.

o Cephalopods/cefálopodos (squid, octopus) have tentacles on their heads and they don’t

have a shell to cover their bodies.

Equinoderms include sea urchin and starfish. They have a spine and layers which form a hard

shell.

Activity 6.


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Activity 7.

VERTEBRATES

Mammals and birds are warm-blooded, which means that they can make their own

body heat even when it is cold outside.


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Cold-blooded animals, like reptiles, amphibians, and fish, become hotter and colder,

depending on the temperature outside

Activity 8. Complete the following table

Limbs shapes

Skin covering

Temperature control

Type of breathing

Type of diet

Type of reproduction

Mammals

Birds

Reptiles

Amphibians

Fish

Activity 9. Graph A and Graph B show the body temperature of an animal over several hours.

Which graph represents a warm blooded

animal? Explain.

Which graph represents a cold blooded

animal? Explain.


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Name a vertebrate that could be represented by:

Graph A: _____________ Graph B: _______________

Activity 10. Answer the following questions 1. Give the name of a mammal that has got fins................................................................... 2. Do all birds fly? If not, give the name of one that cannot fly...................................... 3. What have a turtle and a duck got in common?.................................................................. 4. Why cannot a whale stay under the water for a long time?.............................................. 5. What is the main difference between a tadpole and a fry?.................................... 6. What are the main similarities between a tadpole and a fry?............................ 7. What have a dolphin and a turtle got in common?............................................... 8. How can a frog get oxygen?

MAMMALS

1. Match the words on the left column with the sentences on the right 1 Bat A It is the place where young mammals grow 2 Whale B It is part of the internal skeleton 3 Womb C With this organ mammals can hear 4 Warm-blooded D They are mammals that can fly 5 Ear E They are mammals that live in sea 6 Sweat gland F It is a gland that makes body temperature decrease 7 Backbone G They are animals with constant temperature

2. Fill the gaps with the following words from the list

aquatic terrestrial bats whales ears milk four insulator womb environment warm-blooded viviparous neck diet wings smooth lips hair mobility glands fins

Most of mammals are ....................................animals. But dolphins are .....................................animals and ..............................................are mammals that can fly. The head of mammals is close to the trunk by the............................................... Mammals are the only vertebrates that have got........................................................... Mammals have got ......................................limbs. The limbs are adapted to the kind of.................................. The limbs are legs in terrestrial mammals, ......................................... in aquatic mammals, and.................................... in bats. Most mammals have got .....................covering their body. It is useful as a temperature.............................. Aquatic mammals, like................................., have got fins and a......................................... skin with no hair. The teeth of mammals are different depending on their................................ They have got........................ and teeth in their mouth. Mammals have got many ..................................... ; like the mammary glands which produce................................... All the mammals are ........................................animals. They keep their body temperature constant and independent of the ..............................................The young mammals grow inside the mother’s........................................., so they are ...................................animals


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Answer the following questions 1. What kind of limbs have dolphins got?................................................................................. 2. How does a horse breathe?............................................................................................. 3. What does warm-blooded mean?........................................................................................ 4. Give an example of omnivorous mammal.................................................................... 5. What is the importance of hair in mammals?............................................................. 6. Do the young mammals eat for themselves?.................................................................. 7. How does a whale breathe?............................................................................................... 8. What is the function of mammary glands? ............................................................... 9. What is the name of mammals which eat plants? .......................................................... BIRDS Match the words in the left column with the words on the right

1 Skeleton A It covers the main part of a bird body 2 Oviparous B It is very developed as a keel 3 Feather C It has very lightweight bones 4 Beak D It depends on the kind of food. 5 Chest bone E It means that they lay eggs

Fill the gaps with the following words from the list

trunk hollow scales chestbone four feathers keel teeth air sacs fore lightweight lungs aerodynamic beak flight

The birds bodies have an................................... shape, so they can fly. The head is close to the............................ by the neck. Birds have got four limbs. The back limbs are legs with........................ fingers, and covered by.................................. The................................................. limbs are wings The birds body are covered with............................................................ The skeleton of birds has very.......................... bones, and they are..................For this reason their bodies are light. The sternum or ................................is very developed as a.................................... for the attachment of strong flight muscles that move the wings. Birds have got a hornlike ....................................and they have not got..................................Birds ............................ connect with cavities filled with air, called...................................... All this benefits the breathing and the ..................................... Answer the following questions 1. What is the reason of the aerodynamic shape body of

birds?..................................................... 2. Why are the birds bones hollow?...................................................................................... 3. What kind of fertilization have birds got?...................................................................... 4. Have birds got beak or teeth?..................................................................................... 5. Are young birds born from eggs or from live birth?................................................... 6. How is the temperature of birds in relation to their environment?

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7. What is the name of the structures which cover the bird’s body?...........................................................................

ENDANGERED SPECIES.

An endangered species is an organism which is at risk of extinction, usually because of human

activity. Hunting, fishing and destroying ecosystems are the main causes. Many nations have

laws to protect these species: for example, forbidding hunting or creating reserves. But only a

few of the threatened species obtain legal protection; many species become extinct without

appearing on the news.

SWIMMING WITH WHALES

(Text of the animation from Greenpeace)

This is the humpback whale.

These whales have their name because of

their hump.

It is easily spotted when diving.

These whales can be very inquisitive.

They can grow to 15 metres in length.

This is an orca whale, also known as a killer

whale.

They are very clever hunters. They hunt in

large groups.

They use complex whistles and calls to

catch their preys.

These whales can grow to 10 metres in

length.

That is more than three times the size of

this orca here.

The sperm whale. This is a large whale that

grows to 18 metres.

Hundred of sperm whales may travel

together on the surface of the water.

They usually dive very deep, up to 3 km

down, to feed on squid and fish.

The blue whale.

These whales are the largest mammals on

Earth. They can grow to 33 metres.

These whales are still endangered, after

decades of hunting by humans.

The minke whale.

This is a small whale that grows to 10

metres.

This whale is still killed today by Japanese

and Norwegian whalers.

There is an international ban on killing ALL

whales.

EXERCISES:

1. Write the names of the whales on the animation. 2. How long is a humpback whale? 3. How do whales communicate each other? 4. Which whale dives very deep? What is it looking for? 5. Which whale is the largest one? 6. Are whales peaceful or aggressive animals? 7. What is a whaler? 8. Which countries don't respect the ban on killing whales?

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