Unit 5 First aid

First aid is a temporary form of _____ given

to someone who suddenly _______ or

___________ before a doctor can be found.

Often the ______ or ______ is not_______,

but first aid given quickly will save one’s

life .

help

falls illgets injured

illness injury serious

General description of first aid

Cuts

Sprain

Choking

Nosebleed

The importance of first aid

America China

28.7%

1%

The survival rate(生存率 ) of heart attack

Data

First aid should be spread(传播 ) widely in China!

Tips for first aid:

First aid should be given in the golden four minutes!First aid should be given timely! First aid should be given properly!

FFirirstst aidaid qquiuizzFFirirstst aidaid qquiuizz Which person would you help first?

A. Li Yan who has cut her foot on glassB. Xue Jin who has a bloody noseC. Gao Yuan who is on the ground not

breathingD. Wang Feng who has broken her arm

11

When you are carrying out rescue breathing, where do you check for a pulse?

A. the neck

B. the wrist

C. the foot

D. the chest

22

FFirirstst aidaid qquiuizzFFirirstst aidaid qquiuizz

When carrying out rescue breathing, how many times a minute should you blow air into the victim’s mouth?

A. 4 B. 8 C. 15 D. 20

33

FFirirstst aidaid qquiuizzFFirirstst aidaid qquiuizz

How would you stop severe bleeding? A. cover the wound with plastic B. wash the wound C. do nothing as the bleeding will stop by itself D. put a bandage over the wound and then press on it

44FFirirstst aidaid qquiuizzFFirirstst aidaid qquiuizz

In a medical emergency in China, what

telephone number would you call?A. 110 B. 114 C. 119 D. 120

FFirirstst aidaid qquiuizzFFirirstst aidaid qquiuizz

55

6. Which organization has a close relationship with First aid? A. World Health Organization B. Red Cross Organization C. World Youth Organization D. World Trade Organization

FFirirstst aidaid qquiuizzFFirirstst aidaid qquiuizz

7. What items should be put in a first aid kit? (more than one answer) A. bandages B. ice pack C. medical cotton D. medical alcohol E. tape

_____________________A B C D E

(绷带 )

(冰袋 )

( 药用棉花 )

( 药用酒精 )

( 胶带 )

FFirirstst aidaid qquiuizzFFirirstst aidaid qquiuizz

●. Try to catch the snake and don’t wash the venom(毒液 ) off the skin.

●. Apply a bandage, wrapped fouror five inches above the bite. Callmedical help at once. R

Venom will spread quickly with the circulation of the blood.

a snake bite

●. Put pressure on the wound, sit the girl down and raise the arm above the level of the heart.

●. Wash the wound under running water.

R

It won’t help in stopping bleeding.

bleeding

●. Have the boy sit down and put his foot up on a chair and then put an ice pack on his ankle if possible.

●. Have the boy keeping walk-ing for a while and then put warm clothes on his ankle.

R

It may cause the injured ankle to swell.

a sprained ankle

●. Drink more water and drive the food to the stomach.

●.Firstly, encourage coughing. If it doesn’t work, slap her four or five times on her back.

R

If you do so, it would block your airway.

choking

●. Get the boy sit down, raise his head up slightly and gently.

●. Sit down and bend the boy’s head forward and pinch(捏 ) his nose for ten minutes.

R

If you swallow blood you might be sick.

a bloody nose

Pre-reading

for burns

What should Mom do to treat the burn?

A. Tell her to put her fingers in her mouth.

B. Take her to the doctor .

C. Put butter on her fingers and wrap them in bandages.

D. Put her burned fingers under cool water.

First aid for burns

•Scanning

In which order are these topics covered in the text? Number them from 1 to 5.

____ the three types of burns

____ what to do if someone gets burned

____ the functions of skin

____ the symptoms of burns

____ how we get burns

3

5

1

4

2

Para. 1 (the purpose of skin) :

What is the skin?

What can the skin do?

skin

___________part

largest________

three__________ which act as a ______

essential

organ

layers barrier

( functions)

What can the skin do?

Protect you against diseases, poisons and the

sun’s harmful rays

Keep you warm or cool

Prevent your body from losing water

Let you feel cold, heat or pain

Give you your sense of touch

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

If your skin gets b______, it can be very serious. gets burned

What gets the skin burned?

○ hot liquids ○ chemicals

○ mild weather ○ steam

○ electricity ○ the sun

○ fire ○ radiation

○ spring ( 温泉 )

√

√

√

√

√

√

√

Type Effect Example

.

Affect only the top layer of the skin.

Seconddegreeburns

Thirddegreeburns

mild sunburn, burns caused by touching a hot pan, stove or iron for a moment

Severe sunburn, burns caused by hot liquids

Affect all three layers of the skin and any tissue and organs under the skin.

Types of burns

First

degree

burns

Affect both the top and the second layer of the skin.

Burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or severe petrol fires

A

B

C

• First degree burns

• Second degree burns

• Third degree burns

serioussevere

mild

tissue seennerves damaged

swollenblisterWatery surface

very severe

Types of Types of burnsburns

CharacteristicsCharacteristics SymptomsSymptoms

Burns are divided into three degrees according

to ___________.

A. the degree of pain

B. the causes of burns

C. the layer of the skin that is burned

D. the color of the skin

1. _______ Clothing using _______

2. ______ other clothing and jewellery near the burns.

3. ______ the burns with cool water.

4. ______ cool, clean wet cloths on the burns.

5. ______ the burned area gently. Do not ____

6. ______ the burned area with a dry, clean bandage.

7. ______ the burned area ______ than the heart, if possible.

8. ______ the victim ____the doctor or hospital, if possible.

Take off

Place Dry

Cover

Keep

Get to

higher

Cool

Remove scissors

rub

Listen to first aid treatment and fill the blanks.

Treatment1. Remove clothing using scissors.

2. Take off other clothing and jewellery near the burns.

3. Cool the burns with running water.

4. Place cool, clean wet cloths on the second degree burns.

5. Dry the burned area gently. Do not rub.

6. Cover the burned area with a dry, clean bandage.

7. Keep the burned area higher than the heart, if possible.

8. Get the victim to the doctor or hospital, if possible.

Comprehensi

on Answer the following questions.

 1 .   Why should you put cold water on a burn?

 2 .  Why doesn’t a third degree burn hurt?

 3 .   Why do you think clothes and jewellery near burns should be removed?

 4 .  If someone has a third degree burn, why might you see tissue?

Read the first aid treatment for these burns.

Read the first aid treatments for these burns. If the treatment is right, writes R in the brackets. If it is wrong, write W in the brackets and explain why. Then give the correct treatment.

1.      Sam knocked over a kettle full of boiling water onto his legs. His legs became red, swollen and covered with blisters. Sam broke the blisters and poured icy water from the fridge onto the skin. ( )

2.     While ironing clothes, Miss Good accidentally touched the iron. Her wrist blistered and became watery. It hurt a lot. She put her wrist under the cold water tap and then kept placing cool, clean, damp cloths on it until it was less painful. Then she went to see the doctor. ( )

  

F

T

  3 .   Mrs Casey’s sleeve caught fire while she was cooking. Her arm looked terrible but it didn’t hurt. The skin was charred. Her husband took off her blouse and picked off bits of the blouse stuck to the burn. He then placed butter on the burn and covered it with a wet bandage. ( )

 4 . After an hour in the sun, Lily noticed her arms were red and hurt a bit. She went home and put them under cool running water. ( )

F

T

SummaryFirst Aid for Burns Causes of burns

Types of burns

Characteristics of burns

First degree burns

Second degree burns

Third degree burns

First aid treatment

hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation, the sun, electricity chemicals

First degree burns

Second degree burns Third degree burns

dry, red ,swollen

rough, red, swollen, blisters, watery surface

black and white and charred, swollen,

1. take off clothing; 2. cool burns with cool water; (don’t put cold water on third degree burns) 3.

first’—place cool, clean, wet cloths on them; second’—keep cloths cool…

dry

Mary’s left foot gets a second degree burn with her trousers on.

First aid treatment step by step

take off

cool

coverget…to

place

1

2

3

4

5 6

A dialogue between a doctor and a mother:D: Can I help you?M: ……get burned…D: How did you get burned?M: ……D: What symptoms does it have now?M: ……. Do you think it is serious?D: Oh. It is (only) the…degree burn, I think.M: What should I do now ?D: Well, you’d better……M:……D:……M: Thank you, doctor. Does he need to take any medicine?D: It depends. Please come to see me if necessary.M: OK,I’ll. Thanks again.

The importance of first aid

America China

28.7%

1%

The survival rate(生存率 ) of heart attack

Data

常用句型① As the graph shows/describes/tells/represents , …

As is shown in the graph,② ……….According to (the statistics/figures shown) in the ③

graph ,The graph shows / describes/tells/represents that …④It can be seen /concluded from the graph that … ⑤

⑥It is clear from the graph that……

　　

第一 , 开门见山地点名本图表所反映的主题

Example:

The graph shows the different survival rates of heart attack in American and China. More than 28.5 percent people survivedheart attack every year while in China only1 percent did it.

Example

The difference can be explained by several reasons. For one thing… For another …

第三，归纳总结或发表评论 .①Finally…; Therefore…

②In a word…; In short…; In the end…; As a result…; In all…;

③Generally speaking…

④As I have shown…; As has been stated…; As you(we) all know

阐述个人观点①As far as I am concerned ／ In my opinion, ②From the data in the chart, it goes without saying that...

Example

From the data in the chart, it goes without sayingthat first aid should be spread(传播 ) widely in China!

Emergency [ 紧急情况 , 突发事件 ]

A snake bite Bleeding A sprained ankle

choking A broken arm A bloody nose

A snake has bitten him on his leg.

Lay the person down and keep him still. Do not wash the venom( 毒液 ) off the skin, it will help identify the type of snake. Apply pressure to the bitten part with your hands and then, as soon as possible with a bandage firmly over the bite. Do not move him until the doctor is coming.

2.She cut her arm with some broken glass and is bleeding badly.

Put a bandage on the wound and apply pressure to reduce the bleeding

3. He has badly sprained his ankle.

Have the victim sit down and raise the foot. Put an ice pack on ankle to reduce the pain. Firm the injured part and call for help.

4. She is choking on a piece of food.

If the person can cough or speak or breathe, don't do anything. If you move her, the food in her throat may be caused to move and completely block the airway. If the person can not breathe or speak, hit him between the shoulders withyour hand three of four times.

5. She has broken her arm.

Do not move the broken bone if possible. Support the broken arm in the most comfortable position. Keep the arm still using a sling( 绷带，带子 ) or get the victim to support the broken arm with the other arm. Call for help immediately.

6. He has a bleeding nose (a nose bleed)

Get the person to sit down, rise his head up slightly and gently. Put a soft thing, like handkerchief or paper into the nose to prevent the nose from bleeding.