Unit 5 Exam Questions MS
Transcript of Unit 5 Exam Questions MS
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8/19/2019 Unit 5 Exam Questions MS
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1. D[1]
2. C[1]
3. A[1]
4. A
[1]
5. C[1]
6. A[1]
7. C[1]
8. B[1]
9. A[1]
10. D[1]
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11. B[1]
12. D[1]
13. C[1]
14. A
[1]
15. A[1]
16. B[1]
17. B[1]
18. C[1]
19. B[1]
20. D[1]
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21. (a) (i) Copper:
0 to +2/2+/2+/II/2 (1)
Nitrogen:
+5/5+/5+/V/5 to +4/4+/4
+/IV/4 (1) 2
(ii) Cu → Cu2+
+( ) _ e2
OR
Cu −( ) _ e2 → Cu
2+ (1)
Cu[(H2O)6]2+
OK if 6 waters shown on l.h.s.
– 3 NO
+ 2H+ +
( ) _ e → NO2 + H2O
OR
2 – 3 NO + 4H+ + ( ) _ e2 → 2NO2 + 2H2O (1)
OR
2 – 3
NO + 4H
+ +
( ) _ e2 → N2O4 + 2H2O (1)
Ignore the full equation if it is gien as well
!llow equations written as reerse of a"oe
Ignore state s#$"ols een if wrong
!llow⇌ for → 2
(iii) (ele%tro&e 'otential) alues are for stan&ar& %on&itions (1)
nitric acid is %on%entrate& not $ol &$ –3
not * (1)
!llow te$'erature not state& for se%on& $ar 2
NO3 – are not 1 mol dm –3
Any reference to loss of NO2
(") (i) initiall# a ('alelight) blue precipitate (1)
!llow "lue soli&
Ignore white 're%i'itate
(re,&issoles in e-%ess to for$) a (&ee') "luesolution (1) tan& alone $ar
!%%e't an# sha&e of "lue e-%e't greenish,"lue 2
Any colour (other than blue) precipitate in blue solution
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(ii) Cu2+
(aq) + 2OH – (aq) → Cu(OH)2(s) (1)
/n2+
(aq) + 2OH – (aq) → Zn(OH)2(s) (1)
/n(OH)2(s) + 2OH – (aq) → Zn(OH)4
2 – (aq) (1)
If two 'reious equations %o$"ine& %orre%tl#
then (1) onl# 0 /n2+
+ 4OH – → Zn(OH)4
2 –
Allow
/n(OH)2(s) + 2OH – (aq) → ZnO2
2 – (aq)+ 2H2O(l)
OR
/n(OH)2(s) + 4OH – (aq) → Zn(OH)6
4 – (aq)
OR
equialent non,ioni% equations1 in%lu&ing those with /n2+
+ 2aOH et%
OR
Corre%t "alan%e& equations starting with he-aqua or tetraqua %ations
!33O the h#&ro-i&es to "e shown as e.g. /n(OH)2(H2O)4 (s)
'roi&e& that the whole equation "alan%es.
5enalise $issing in%orre%t state s#$"ols on 'ro&u%t on%e onl#.Ignore other state s#$"ols
(iii) QWC
First 2 marks:7in% hdro!ide"o!ide a$'hoteri% "e%ause it rea%ts with alali (to giea solution of a 7in%ate) (1)
an& rea%ts with a%i& (to gie a salt) (1)
7in% h#&ro-i&e is " acts as "oth an a%i& an& an alali – !o"e (1) onl#
#hird mark:he-aqua7in% or h#&rate& 7in% ions e-%hange& water for a$$onia or other na$e& ligan& (1)
OR
/n(H2O)6 2+
+ 4H → et! (1)
!llow an# nu$"er of a$$onias fro$ to 6
!llow "alan%e& equations1 ioni% or full.3igan& e-%hange rea%tion $ust start with a %o$'le- ion
$ote:If 7in% $entione& initiall# "ut equation refers to a %orre%t %o$'oun&then %re&it shoul& "e gien
If equations wrong "ut wor&s are %orre%t then ignore equations
Reference to zinc ions or zinc metal
o not allo! "eprotonation
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8/19/2019 Unit 5 Exam Questions MS
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(%) (i) I2 + 22O 2 –
→ 2I – + 4O6
2 –
Ignore state s#$"ols een if wrong.
Non$ionic e%uation&
(ii) QWC
!$ount thiosul'hate
8 9.9 &$ # 0$% &o' &
–3
8 9.99 $ol (1)
8 a$ount of %o''er(II) ions in 2: %$ 'ortion (1)
∴a$ount Cu 8 9 # 0$0033% 0$033% &o' in tota' (1)
∴ $ass Cu 8 9.9 $ol # *3$5 &o' –%
(1)
8 2.92 g
∴ ; %o''er 8 (2.92 - 99), 3$00 (1)
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22& (a) (i) H2O4 + HO → NO2+ + H2O + HO4
–
OR
H2O4 + HO → H2O+ + HO4
–
H2O+ → NO2+ + H2O
@oth nee&e&
OR
2H2O4 + HO2 → NO2+
H2O+ + 2HO
– 4
(1)
Ignore state s#$"ols een if wrong
arrow showing atta% on the nitroniu$ ion with arrow going to ato$1or into the C – N a- (1)
!rrow $ust start at or insi&e ring
Ignore 'osition of + %harge
stru%ture of the inter$e&iate showing reasona"le &elo%alisation (oer at least %ar"on ato$s) (1)
arrow 'rom the bond showing the loss of H+ fro$ the inter$e&iate.Re$oal "# h#&rogen sul'hate ion 'refera"le "ut not essential (1)
Keul. t"u!tu"e !o"e u'' &a"
I t1e e'e!t"o-1i'e i in!o""e!t t1en t1e inte"&eiate t"u!tu"e&a" i 'ot 4
elocalisation mustn’t go over C where NO2 + is attache"
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(ii) QWC
First mark:(lone 'air of) ele%trons on the o-#gen ato$ or on the OH grou' is&elo%alise& in%or'orate& into the ring (1)
ORthe OH grou' is ele%tron &onating (1)
econd mark:so the ring in 'henol is $ore negatie has in%rease& ele%tron &ensit# rin is $ore nu%leo'hili% hen%e $ore sus%e'ti"le to ele%tro'hili%atta% (1)
OR
the OH grou' a%tiates the ring (1)
e%on& $ar stan& alone 2
Re,ect hy"ro-i"e for first mark only Nucleophilic attack on the rin.
‘Makes it more reactive’ on its own
(iii) tin (1) an& concentrated h#&ro%hlori% a%i& (1)
Aor$ulae a%%e'ta"le.
If aOH is a&&e& after HCl then ignore> if i$'li%ation that HCI an&aOH are a&&e& together then se%on& $ar is lost
OR
iron (1) an& concentrated h#&ro%hlori% a%i& (1) 2nd
markconditional on a metal
OR
h#&rogen (1) an& 'latinu$ 'alla&iu$ %atal#st (1) 2
lithium aluminium hy"ri"e so"ium borohy"ri"e
Nickel Raney Nickel
(i) ethano#l %hlori&e OR a%et#l %hlori&e OR
CHCOCl OR equialent &is'la#e& for$ula
OR
ethanoi% anh#&ri&e OR a%eti% anh#&ri&e OR(CHCO)2O OR equialent &is'la#e& for$ula
Right na$e "ut wrong for$ula &oes not s%ore
Ignore $inor s'elling errors if the for$ula is %orre%t
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(") QWC
First mark:stea$ is 'asse& into the $i-ture
OR
water is a&&e& an& $i-ture "oile& or &istille& or heate& (1)
econd mark:an& the 2,nitro'henol 'ro&u%t a'our &istille& off with the water (an& %on&ense&) (1)
Ad*antae:Bhe 2,nitro'henol 'ro&u%t &istils at a lower te$'erature 'reents&e%o$'osition(1)tan& alone
/asse" o0er anythin. that implies e-ternal heatin. !ith asteam bath or !ater bath
any implication of fractional "istillation
any su..estion that separation base" on "ifferin. boilin.temperature
!ater$soluble
(%) Rea& the whole answer to get the sense
Bhe (ring) h#&rogen ato$s are on %ar"on ato$s whi%h hae one a h#&rogenon an ad+acent %ar"on ato$1 so are &ou"lets (1)
!ll the other h#&rogen ato$s hae no a&?a%ent h#&rogen ("earing %ar"on)ato$s1 so are singlets (1) 2
nearby [1,]
2%& (a) (i) !n# BO of0%o$'le- ions %o$'le-es (1)
%oloure& ions %o$'oun&s solutions (1)
%atal#ti% 'ro'erties (1)
'ara$agneti% (1)
!llow%oloure& %o$'le-es (2)
%oloure& %o$'le- %o$'oun& (1)
If a list a''ears with or 2 %orre%t 'ro'erties followe& "# 'ro'ertiesrelate& to the ele$ent1 then (1) $ar onl#
Ignore -a"tia'' i''e " ,or"itals 2
comple- compoun"s
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(ii)
ignore a"sen%e of %hargeclearl o%tahe&ral (ignore "on&s to the H in H2O) (1) "ut allow so$e
latitu&e in the s#$"ols use& to show the stru%ture.
e&ges &o not hae to "e e-a%t – i ue t1e a"e enou1 to 1o3D i t1e a6ia' 7on a"e 'ine
81e o" o!ta1e"a' oe not a'9ae a -oo" "ain
ati9e (!o9a'ent) / !oo"inate (7on) (1)not ?ust shown "# an arrow
lone 'air (of ele%trons on the o-#gen) (1)%an "e shown on the &iagra$
(") (i) (+) 9.4 (D) OR (+) 914 D
sign not nee&e&
(ii) QWC
(si$ultaneous) o-i&ation an& re&u%tion (1)
!llow re&o-
of a s'e%ies su"stan%e rea%tant %o$'oun& %he$i%al ele$ent (1) 2
(iii) – 0$**(V) (1)
!llow BE fro$ (")(i)
rea%tion not feasi"le since the potential is neati*e (2n&
$ar is
for an answer %onsistent with sign of o) (1) 2
[1-]
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2,& (a)
5ircles that encompass t!o atoms
(") First mark:Re%ognition that 'ara%eta$ol is not %hiral has no enantio$ers &oes not hae o'ti%al iso$ers (1)
econd and third marks: !n# two of0
there is no ra%e$isation so the 'ro&u%t will not "e a $i-ture (1)
no nee& to se'arate (the enantio$ers) (1)
&o not hae to &is%ar& an unwante& enantio$er ato$ e%ono$# is higher (1)
OR
%onerse argu$ents starting fro$ (,),%arone.
Is not optically acti0e
(%) (C8C)0 a&& "ro$ine (water) (1)
&e%olourises (1)
OR
K*nO4 (1)
'ur'le → 7"on / !o'ou"'e (1)
(C8O)0 a&& 214,&n' 214,&initro'hen#lh#&ra7ine @ra "eaent (1)
orange or #ellow or orange,re& or re& ''t (1)Ignore a negatie Aehling / 8o''en tet
I a -oiti9e :e1'in / 8o''en i i9en in aition to 2;4 DN<
t1en t1i" an ou"t1 &a" a"e 'ot
O7e"9ation e-enent on tet 4
16#$"np
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(&) (i) a$ount of %arone 8 (4.: , %50) &o' 0$03 &o' (1)
a$ount of h#&rogen 8 (.44 , 24) &o' 0$0* &o'
(a''o %st
$ar for either of the $ole %al%ulations)
so two &ou"le "on&s are re&u%e& (1)
OR
2 $oles H2 0 ( $ol %arone)
OR
4 $ole H 0 ( $ol %arone)
If h#&rogen is use& it $ust "e %lear whether the# are ato$s or $ole%ules
Bhis $ar %an "e salage& if the stru%ture is %orre%t an& "oth &ou"le"on&s are re&u%e&
(1) stan& alone
!%%e't &is'la#e& for$ula if %o$'letel# %orre%t
Any structure that sho!s re"uction of the 57O bon"
(ii) (a etoneC8O) a"sor'tion 'ea trough within the range 6F9 –
%=00 (!& –%
) (1)
Ignore units
will "e seen in %arone "ut not in li$onene the re&u%tion 'ro&u%t (1)
o$ission of the alue for the a"sor'tion loses first $ar onl# 2
1'2 $ 1'# cm –1
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(e) (i)
or
for "oth &ou"le "on&s haing H@r a&&e& (1)
ignore a&&e& h#&rogens
for %orre%t orientation in e!occlic &ou"le "on& (1) stan& alone 2
Any structure retainin. 575 bon"s
(ii) H@r %an "e eli$inate& using a h#&rogen fro$ the %ar"on on either si&eof the "ro$ine (1)
whi%h woul& then gie a &ou"le "on& in a &ifferent 'osition fro$ thatin %arone (1)
this se%on& $ar %an "e answere& using a seletal stru%turalfor$ula ("elow) 2
Reference to substitution
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(f) (i) QWC
.sin an $1mechanism:
sele%tion of a %hiral starting $aterial (1)
%url# arrow fro$ C,G "on& to G (1)
an& inter$e&iate %ar"o%ation (1)
%url# arrow fro$ nu%leo'hile (%an %o$e fro$ negatie %harge) (1)
planar intermediate atta%e& fro$ either si&e to gie a ra%e$i% $i-ture
/0
intermediate euall atta%e& fro$ either si&e to gie a ra%e$i%$i-ture (1)
.sin an $2 mechanism:
sele%tion of a %hiral starting $aterial (1)
%url# arrow fro$ nu%leo'hile (%an %o$e fro$ negatie %harge) (1)%url# arrow fro$ C,G "on& to G (1)
to gie %orre%t transition state (1)
atta% fro$ o''osite si&e to C,G "on& gies inerte& 'ro&u%t %an "eshown on a &iagra$ (1)
.sin nucleophilic addition to C /:ele%tion of an# al&eh#&e (other than $ethanal) or an# as#$$etri%etone (1)
Curl# arrow fro$ nu%leo'hile (%an %o$e fro$ negatie %harge) toC of C8O an& %url# arrow fro$ 8 to O (1)
Inter$e&iate (1)
!rrow fro$ O – o inte"&eiate to H+ (1)
planar molecule atta%e& fro$ either si&e to gie a ra%e$i% $i-ture
/0
molecule euall atta%e& fro$ either si&e to gie a ra%e$i%$i-ture (1) :
If 8$9 use" then $1
(ii) heterogeneous %atal#sts %an "e filtere& off OR &o not a''ear in an#liqui& or gaseous 'ro&u%tsOR are eas# to se'arate OR are stereos'e%ifi%OR suite& to %ontinuous 'ro%esses rather than "at%h 'ro%esses
.reater surface area[2%]
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23& ![1]
24& ![1]
25& ![1]
26& C
[1]
27& [1]
%-& (a) @
(") C [2]
%1& C[1]
%2& [1]
%%& ![1]
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%,& [1]
%3& ![1]
%4& @[1]
%5& (a) C
(") [2]
%6& (a) @
(") @
(%) !
(&) [,]
%7& (a) @
(") ! [2]
,-& (a) *nO4 – nee&s a%i& to "e re&u%e& to *n
2+
(") :
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(%) (i) .
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(ii)
B " B "
B " B "
B "
B "
B "
B "
+
( 1 )
( 1 )
( 1 )
δ δ+ –
(") (i)
+ B " 2
B "
+ H B "
(ii) @r 2 + Ae@r → @r + + Ae@r 4
– &+ & –
B" Ae@r 4 (1)
te' !rrow fro$ ring towar&s @r+ (1)Inter$e&iate (1)te' 2
!rrow fro$ "on&1 ring to H1 to insi&e ring (an& fro$ Ae@r 4 –
to H+) an& for$ation of 'ro&u%ts (1) 4
(iii) Ae@r 4 – + H
+ → Ae@r + H@r
(%) (i) JC
@oth atta%e& "# an ele%tro'hile (1)ue to sta"ilit# of &elo%alise& ring (1)
"en7ene atta%e& "# (stronger ele%tro'hili%) @r +
rather than @r &+
in @r 2 (1)
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(ii) JC
C#%lohe-ene
!&&ition of @r – &oes not inole "on& "reaing
results in $ore e-other$i% rea%tion than loss of H+ (1)
@en7ene
o @r – aaila"le in "en7ene rea%tion (1) ta"ilit# of
ring regaine& "# loss of H+ (1)
(&) Bhree [15]
,2& (a) (i) Ae[!r] &64s
2 in either or&er1 allowing su'ers%ri'ts to "e su"s%ri'ts
Ae[!r] &6 or &
64s
9 in either or&er1 allowing
su'ers%ri'ts to "e su"s%ri'ts3etter & $ust "e lower %ase
Re,ect any other letters
(ii)
O H 2
O H 2
O H 2H 2 O : e2 +
O H 2
H 2 O
O ?
O H 2
O H 2
: e 2 +
O H 2
O H 2
H 2 O
H 2 O
: e 2 +
H 2 O
H 2 OH 2 O
O H 2
O H 2H 2 O
I n t e a o o t t e ' i n e
O ?
!33O "on& to H of H2O (a%%e't on left si&e if OH2 is gien)
IORE %harge unless in%orre%t
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8/19/2019 Unit 5 Exam Questions MS
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(iii) [Ae(H2O)6]2+
+ 2OH – → [Ae(OH)2(H2O)4] + 2H2O
OR
[Ae(H2O)6]2+
+ 2OH – → Ae(OH)2 + 6H2O
(i) reen 're%i'itatesoli& → Ao-#,re&re&,"rown
"rownorange@oth %olours and 're%i'itatesoli& nee&e&
Re,ect ,ust “Darkens”
(") (i) JC
E$f of %ell 'otential &ifferen%e of %ell %ontaining Ae (1)
&i''ing into a $ol &$ –3
Ae2+
solution (1)
!n& stan&ar& h#&rogen ele%tro&ehalf %ell
OR h#&rogen ele%tro&e an& $ol &$ –3
H+ an& at$
H2OR &es%ri'tion of stan&ar& h#&rogen ele%tro&e (1)IORE te$'erature
Re,ect ‘S!’
(ii) JC
E$f of h#&rogen ele%tro&e is 7ero – state" or implie" e.g. if %al%ulate E%ell 8 +9.44 D (1)
5otential for the rea%tion is 'ositie so rea%tion is feasi"leOR Ae half %ell has $ore negatie ele%tro&e 'otential
OR H+ an& (@)H2 has a $ore 'ositie ele%tro&e 'otential (1) 2
(iii) High a so slow rea%tion rea%tants are ineti%all# sta"le
I:NOR any mention of non$stan"ar" con"itions [1-]
,%& (a) JC
*an# –OH "ou- (1)whi%h %an h#&rogen "on& to water (1) 2
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(") (i)
n
C
H
H
C
H
O H
(ii)
C C
H
H H
O
C H 3
C
O
(%) (i) N H 2
N H 2
or &is'la#e&
Re,ect 8 2 N5 #8 N8 2
(ii) H
N H
N
O
C ( C H 2 ) 4
O
C
lin(1)rest of for$ula (1) 2
Re,ect O5(58 2 )#5ON85 8 #N8
Re,ect ami"e link as 5ON8
(iii) JC
5ol#$ers &o not for$ in an unine !1ain O? !1ain 1a 7en at "in O? !1ain not 'inea" O?
t"on i7"e "eui"e t"ai1t !1ain (1)
Bhis 'ol#$er has fewer h#&rogen "on&s "etween %hains (1) 2
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(&) Ethenol0 !&&itionAi"re0 Con&ensation
[1-]
,,& (a) (i) !n ele$ent whi%h for$s ions in at least one of its %o$'oun&s
whi%h hae a 'artl# fille& shell of & ele%trons (1)
(ii) JC
Bhe water ligan&s s'lit the & or"itals into one set at lower an&one at higher energ# (1)
3ight is a"sor"e& (1)an& the ele%tron 'ro$ote& to a higher leel (1)
Bhe %orre%t sequen%e $ust "e gien to s%ore either of thelast two $ars
Any mention of li.ht emitte" scores zero
(") (i) Re& Cu2O (1)
(ii) @ene&i%tsAehlings (solution) (1) !%%e't re%ognisa"le 'honeti% s'elling eg Aelings1 @ene&i%s1@ene&its
!l&eh#&e (1) 2
Re,ect failin.s
(%) AeO is 2+ not + (1)
Os+
has too large a ra&ius (1) 2
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(&) (i) JC
reagent%olour
%hange
equation
(III)→(DI) (1) reen→orange,
#ellow(1)
(1)
(III)→(II) (1) reen→"lue
(1)/n+2Cr
+→
/u2+
+2Cr 2+
(1)
(III)→%o$'le- (1) (1) (1)
Reagent
E for reagent $ust "e $ore 'ositie than .6 D
E for reagent $ust "e $ore negatie than –0$= V$
Do not a''o a "eu!in aent t1at "ea!t it1 ate"$
Colour %hangeo not 'enalise la% of green twi%e.
Co$'le- for$ation
e.g. for$ation of [Cr(H)6]+
[Cr(OH)6] –
[Cr(en)]+
[Cr(e&ta)] –
[Cr 2(CuCO2)4 (H2O)2]
[Cr(CHCO2)4]
Reagent an& %olour %hange $ust fit the %o$'le-
%ore u' to < $ars (fro$ the $aring 'oints) <
(ii) 8reathalser
E O"iina' !ontaine i!1"o&ate/!1"o&ate ion 1i!1 e"e
"eu!e to "een (!1"o&iu&(III) 7 et1ano' in 7"eat1 (1)
E F6tent oin "een Gue&enta' / !1"o&iu&(VI)
!o&-oun !a"!inoeni! (1)
Bhen
9ither
ew one %onsists of a fuel %ell (1)where ethanol o-i&ise& "# air (using a 'latinu$%atal#st) Juantit# of ele%tri%it# 'ro'ortional to a$ount of ethanol in "reath (1)
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/r ew one %onsists of an IR s'e%tro$eter (1)whi%h $easures line in finger'rint region !$ount of IR a"sor"e& &e'en&s on a$ount of ethanol in "reath (1) 4
[2-]
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,3& (a) e.$.f. of a hal' %ell relatie%o$'are& to a (stan&ar&) h#&rogen ele%tro&eORoltage 'ro&u%e& fro$ a hal' %ell ?oine& to a h#&rogen ele%tro&e (1)
Accept potential ("ifference) ;0olta.e for emf
Accept emf of a cell !ith stan"ar" hy"ro.en as the leftelectro"e
Accept a "escription of the half cell e&.& a metal "ippin.into a solution of its ions
Re,ect S8
(solutions at) $ol &$ –3
%on%entration1 (gases at) at$99 5a9:5a @ar 'ressure an& state& te$'erature (1)
all %on&itions nee&e& B! !3OE 2
Accept 11 k/a
Accept 24 < or 2* "C #$ an% other tem&erat're is ('oted it m'st )e as an e*am&le o$ a
stated tem&erat're
+e,ect ‘constant’ &ress're “S-.”
+e,ect room tem&erat're
+e,ect ,'st “/03 ”
(") Can onl# $easure a 'otential di''erencee$f (if a referen%e ele%tro&e is 'resent)
ORolt$eter nee&s 2 %onne%tions
ORCannot $easure the 'otential &ifferen%e "etween a $etal an& asolution of its ions
Re,ect ,ust “electron so'rce and sink”
+e,ect to make com&arisons )etween hal$ cells
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(%) (i) 1st mark
(si$ultaneous) o-i&ation an& re&u%tion of a (single) s'e%iessu"stan%e rea%tant%o$'oun&%he$i%al
Re,ect o-i"ation an" re"uction occur at the same time
/r the o-i&ation statenu$"er is "oth in%rease& an&&e%rease& of a (single) s'e%ies su"stan%e rea%tant%o$'oun&%he$i%al
Re,ect o-i"ation states are 2
/r a (single) s'e%ies su"stan%e rea%tant%o$'oun&%he$i%al "oth loses an& gains ele%trons (1)
2nd mark
Aor a gien t#'e of atom within an ion $ole%ule/r Illustrate& "# a suita"le e-a$'le in whi%h thein&ii&ual ato$ is i&entifie& (1) 2
(ii) 2H2O2 → 2H2O + O2 (1)
Re,ect 28 + on both si"es of e%uation
E%ell 8 (+) .9 (D) (1)
Re,ect .reater than any other state" number
E%ell is 'ositiegreater than 9 so the rea%tion is feasi"le (1)
r&
$ar $ust "e %q on sign of E%ell
(iii) a%tiation energ# of the rea%tion $a# "e high
ORrea%tion too slow to "e o"sere&
Re,ect ,ust “Not eno'gh energ% to overcome the activationenerg%”
+e,ect conditions are nonstandard
+e,ect ,'st “kineticall% sta)le”[7]
,4& (a) (i) (anh#&rous) alu$iniu$ %hlori&e
[a$e or for$ulae]
Accept Al 2 5l Accept Al=r 3 >e=r 3 Accept >e5l 3
Re,ect >e
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(ii)
+C H C H C H3 +
H
C H
C H 3
C H 3( 1 ) ( 1 )
+
H
C H
C H 3
C H 3( 1 )
C H
C H 3
C H 3
( B " A ' C ' )3 –
+ ( H / H B " + A ' C ' )3+
C H C H C H + A ' C ' C H C H C H + A ' C ' B "3 3 3 3 3 3 –
B "
( 1 )
3
+
H
C H
C H 3
C H 3( 1 ) ( 1 )
+
H
C H
C H 3
C H 3( 1 )
C H
C H 3
C H 3
( B " A ' C ' )3 –
+ ( H / H B " + A ' C ' )3+
+ B " A ' C ' 3 –H C B " A ' C '
C H 3
C H 3
( 1 )
O ?
3
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ORC H C H C H3 3
B "+ A ' C ' 3 C H C H C H + B " A ' C '3 3 3
–
+
C H C H C H3 3+
H
C H ( C H )3
+
H
C H ( C H )3
+
2
C H ( C H )3 2
+ H B " + A ' C '
B " A ' C ' –3
3
2
Equation for for$ation of ele%tro'hile (1)IORE if in%orre%t arrows a&&e& at this 'oint
Airst arrow $ust "e fro$ C8C or fro$ or within ringto C with + an& %an 'oint to + (1)
Corre%t inter$e&iate as shown in $e%hanis$ a"oe (1)
e%on& arrow fro$ C –H 7on into "in (1) 4
Accept either a "elocalise" or
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(%) (i) First markso&iu$ nitrite so&iu$ nitrate(III)aO2 (1)
econd markh#&ro%hlori% a%i& HCl(aq) (1)IORE %on%entration of a%i&
2n&
$ar is %on&itional on aO2 or HO2 2
Re,ect 8NO2
Re,ect 85l;hy"ro.en chlori"e
(ii) "elow 9 C "ea!tion i too 'o (1)
a"oe 9 C t1e -"ou!t/7eneneiaoniu& ione!o&-oe /1"o'e (1) 2
Accept 8NO2 "ecomposes
(iii)
N N
O H8 lin1 %an "e shown linear (1)IORE other ato$sRe$ain&er %orre%t (1) 2
I:NOR position of O8 .roup&
Accept 5ONa or O – instea" of O8
Re,ect 5N6N5O5
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(&) (i) JC
First twoa&& 214,&initro'hen#lh#&ra7ine@ra "eaent (1)orange#ellow ''t (1) !llow this se%on& $ar if the na$e of the reagent is
slightl# in%orre%t e.g. 214,&i'hen#lh#&ra7ine
Accept 26#$"np(h)
Accept any combination of yello! an" oran.e?ust be ppt
Re,ect ,ust “+ed &&t”
+e,ect “solid” $or “&&t”
ORIR a"sor'tion &ue to C8O stret%h (1)
at
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(iii)
H C3C
H C3
O
L C N –
H C3C
H C3
O L
C N
–
H C3C
H C3
H C3C
H C3
O H
C N
–O L
C N
–
+ L C N
H C N
both %url# arrows in st
&iagra$1 atta% "# %#ani&e1 arrow$ust start fro$ C or –9e !1a"e on C not an& –9e !1a"e&ut 7e -"eent o&e1e"e on ionM 'one -ai" not eentia'$
A""o &ut ta"t "o& 7on 7eteen C an O
an -oint toa" t1e O (1)
Accept curly arro! from O to 8 +
Inter$e&iate – 'one -ai" not eentia' 7ut neati9e !1a"e ieentia' (1)
!rrow fro$ O (lone 'air not nee&e&) or negatie %harge to HC
or H+1 this %an "e shown on the &iagra$ of the inter$e&iate (1)
If HC is use& the arrow fro$ H –CN 7on i "eui"e
An ot1e" etone o" a'e1e; ma! (2) [22]
,5& (a) (i) Cr0 [!r] " :4s
Cu0 [!r] " 9
4s
8oth needed 'or the mark
Accept #s13"
*
Accept #s13"
1
Accept ArB !ritten in full
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(ii) all the others are 4s2 hae full 4s or"ital (1)
Accept 5r an" 5u;they "o not ha0e a full #s orbital
Re,ect ,ust ‘onl% have one electron in 7s’ O+
ave incom&lete 7s or)ital
Bhe & su"shell is $ore sta"le when either half or full# fille&OR ! s'e%ifi% e-a$'le of %hro$iu$ haing half,fille& or %o''er haing fille& & su",shellset of & or"itals whi%his $ore sta"le (1) 2
Accept sub$ener.y le0els " shell
Re,ect half$fille" or fille" " orbital(s)
(") (i) O%tahe&ral &rawn $ust "e ,IORE an# or no %harge
Accept – 2 O (bon" to 8) e-cept on !ater molecules on
left of 5r
(ii) atie "on& for$e& fro$ ele%tron 'airlone 'air on o-#gen(of the water $ole%ule) to the ion
Bhis %oul& "e shown on a &iagra$
Accept a clear "escription of the "ati0e bon"
Re,ect ‘dative’ alone or $rom water
+e,ect ,'st “dative )ond $ormed $rom o*%gen”
(iii) [Cr(H2O)6]+
+ OH – → C"(H2O):OH]
2+ H2O
OR
[Cr(H2O)6]+
+ 2OH – → C"(H2O)4(OH)2]
+ 2H2O
OR
[Cr(H2O)6]+
+ OH – → C"(OH) 6H2O
OR[Cr(H2O)6]
+ + OH
– → C"(H2O)(OH)] H2O
First mark is for the %orre%t Cr 'ro&u%tecond mark is %on&itional on the first an& is for the restof the equation %orre%t an& "alan%e& 2
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(i) Aor$s a green 're%i'itate (1)IORE initial %olour of solution
(whi%h rea%ts or &issoles or %hanges to)a reen solution (with e-%ess reagent) (1)
Accept any sha"e of .reen
2n&
$ar is %on&itional on an initial ''t 2
() a%i& a%i&i%
Accept amphoteric;able to be "eprotonate"
Re,ect coloure" ions;li.an" e-chan.e; "eprotonation ;partially fille" " orbitals
(%) (i) Check workin – correct answer can be obtaine b! not i"iingb! 2 #or 2
nd mark and not multiplin b 2 'or ,
th mark
a$ount thiosul'hate in titre 8 9.9
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ORa$ount thiosul'hate for whole sa$'le
8 9.9
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(iii) H,"on&ing "etween water an& the al%ohol not strongenough to oer%o$e h#&ro'ho"i% intera%tions effe%t of al#l grou' (1)
a%i& an& al%ohol for$ ioni% s'e%iesC4HOH2+ whi%h
is $ore solu"le (1) 2 Accept butyl .roup
(i) Re$oes a%i&
Accept neutralises 85l ;8=r
Accept neutralises aci"
() Re$oes water
Accept absorbs !ater Accept "ries the pro"uct
(i) Ele%tri% heating $antle or san& "ath or oil "ath (1)
Accept !ater bath
Re,ect heat un"er reflu-
Re,ect no nake" flame
Re,ect fume cupboar"
"e%ause the al%oholrea%tion $i-ture"ro$o"utane is
fla$$a"le or "e%ause the heating is unifor$ an& lessliel# to %ra% the flas (1)Bhis $ar is %on&itional on the first "eing s%ore&. 2
Re,ect ‘volatile’ $or ‘$lamma)le’
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(") JC
9;#
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(&) (i) !&&ition of "ariu$ ions 'ulls equili"riu$ to r.h.s. (1)
in%reases [H+] and so lower 'Hthe 'H falls (1) stan&,alone $ar 2
Re,ect ‘::so gets more acidic’
(ii) lower 'H'H falls
Re,ect ‘mi*t're is more acidic’ $or ‘lower &’ [2-]
,7& (a) (i) tep 1ReagentAu$ing sul'huri% a%i& sul'hur trio-i&esul'hur(DI) o-i&eoleu$ (1)
Accept SO3 ;8
2 S
2 O
'
Re,ect (5oncentrate") sulphuric aci";8 2 SO#
Con&itionsReflu- heat (1)Onl# allow heat for this $ar if the reagent is reasona"le(e.g. %on% sul'huri% a%i&)
Accept if ,ust state" temperature must be abo0e '* "C
tep 2Reagento&iu$ h#&ro-i&e (1)
Accept so"ium carbonate;so"ium Accept hy"ro.encarbonate;so"ium
Re,ect so"ium chlori"e
(ii) tep 1(ele%tro'hili%) su"stitution (1)
Accept sulphonation
Re,ect Nucleophilic substitution
tep 2neutralisation or a%i&,"ase (1) 2
(") (i) Arie&el,Craft(s)
!%%e't 'honeti% s'elling
Accept alkylation
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(ii) ReagentC2H2:Cl
ORC2H2:@r (1)
Accept (1$)chloro"o"ecane5 12 8 2* I
Catal#st !lCl (1) 2
Accept Al 2 5l Accept Aluminium chlori"e
Re,ect Al5l #
Re,ect Al5l # –
[6]
3-& (a) Ele%tro'hili% su"stitution (1)IORE e-tras eg Arie&el Craft1 al#lation L3E %ontra&i%tor#
,%hloro,(2),$eth#l'ro'ane (1)IORE 'un%tuation
Accept (2)$methyl$1$chloropropane Accept 58 358(58 3 )58 2 5l;58(58 3 )2 58 2 5l
Accept “;romo”e=r 3
(") 3i!lH4 is a sour%e of H – h#&ri&e ion (1)
H#&rogen $ight re&u%eatta% "en7ene ring H – wont atta!
"eion o neati9e !1a"e/ H – %an atta% (J
+) C in eto grou' (1) 2
Re,ect comments on con"itions or safety e. temperature6 pressure
Re,ect EiAl8 # ;8 – is a more po!erful re"ucin. a.ent
Re,ect 8 – is a nucleophile;a stron.er nucleophile
Re,ect any mention of attack on carbo-ylate ion (for 2 n"
mark)
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(%) $ote: although $an# %an&i&ates hae %al%ulate& the e$'iri%al for$ula1this is not require&.
*ole%ular for$ula of i"u'rofen 8 CHFO2 (1)
Allo! if .i0en at en"
!llow $ars for $asses an& nu$"er of $oles if answers areroun&e& to 2 A in O? 7ut &et1o i !o""e!t$
9;#amide?
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(iii) :< in I"u'rofen
C4H+ CHCH(CH)CH2
+CH(CH)2CH2
+
OR
C2O2H+CCO2H
+ (1)
Accept structural or "isplaye" formulae
o not allo! lines at
1* (58 3+ )
' (5 8 #+ )
#3 (5 38 ' + or 58 35O
+ )
#* (5OO8 + )
as present in both
!s'irin
: (1) OCOCH+ C2HO2
+ (1)
OR2 (1) C6H4CO2H
+ (1)
OR
F9 (1) CHFO4+ ('arent ion) (1)
OR
< (1) C6H4(CO2H)O+ (1)
5enalise nowrong %harges on%e onl# [1,]
31& (a) (i)
H C
C
N
O
H
H
H
–
+
5ositie %harge $ust "e on the ato$Bhe $inus %harge $ust "e on the O in the CRO i noe'o!a'iation 1on
Accept "elocalise" carbo-ylate .roup !ith a ne.ati0echar.e sho!n
Re,ect compresse" structural formula
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(ii) (H+ fro$) COOH (grou') 'rotonates the –NH2(grou')
Accept transfer of 8 + from 5OO8 to N8 2
Or “sel$&rotonation”
+e,ect ,'st “&rotonation”
+e,ect ,'st “acid)ase reaction”
(iii) 0ead the whole answer>
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(ii) H2CH2COO – H2CH2CO2
–
H C H
C
N H 2
OO –
Accept BCOONaor
BCOO – Na
+
Re,ect molecular formula
(iii) CHCOHCH2COOH
H C
C
N
O HO
H
C O
CH H
H
H
Accept 58 35ON858 2 5O2 8
OR ‘no reaction’ (1)
Re,ect molecular formula
(i) H2CH2COOCH
H C H
C
N
O O
H H
C H
H
H
Accept N8 2 58 2 5O2 58 3
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(%) (i) (luta$i% a%i& $ole%ule) has four &ifferent grou's atta%he&to a C (ato$)Or (luta$i% a%i& $ole%ule) has four &ifferent grou's atta%he&to a %hiral %entre
Accept contains an asymmetric carbon (atom)Or molecule has no plane of symmetry
Re,ect just “has a chiral centre”Or
Just “the molec'le is as%mmetrical”
ORhas $irror i$ages whi%h are not su'eri$'osa"le
(ii) (the iso$ers) rotate the 'lane (or 'olarisation) of ('lane,) 'olarise&light (1)
Accept “2:rotate &lane &olarised light”
in opposite &ire%tions (1)
Re,ect ,ust “in di$$erent directions”
Ignore an# referen%e to 'olari$eter 2
(&) H2(CH2)6H2 (1)
ClOC(CH2)4COCl
C ' C ( C H 2 4) C
OO
C ' (1)
[*ono$ers %an "e gien in either or&er] 2
Accept N8 2 (58 2 ) N8 2
8OO5(58 2 )#5OO8 ; 8O2 5(58 2 )#5O2 8 ;
H O C ( C H 2 4) C
O O
O H
5OO8(58 2 )#5OO8
Or 5O5l(58 2 )#5O5l
[1%]
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32& (a) (i)S O 3 H
@on& fro$ "en7ene ring $ust "e to the sul'hur ato$H#&rogen ato$ $ust "e line& to o-#gen
Accept 5 8 * SO38
Accept 5 8 * SO2 O8
Re,ect 5 8 * 8SO3
(ii) Au$ing sul'huri% a%i& oleu$ sul'hur trio-i&e O sul'hur
trio-i&e or O in sul'huri% a%i&
Accept concentrate" sulphuric aci" ; 8 2 S2 O'
Re,ect 8 2 SO# ; 8 2 SO#(a%) ; sulphuric aci" ; "ilute
sulphuric aci"
(iii) (aro$ati%) Ele%tro'hili% su"stitution
Accept lectrophil l ic ; lectrophylic ; letrophilicsubstitution
Re,ect lectrophic substitution
(i) O OH+
Ignore na$e if gien with for$ula
Accept 8SO3+
Re,ect sulphur trio-i"e ; SO3+ ; SO3
–
(") (i)S O 3 H
H 3 C C H 3
!llow BE fro$ (a)(i)
Accept S O 3 H
C H 3 C H 3>ormula for 26$"imethyl benzene sulphonic aci"
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(ii) Reagent G0 CHCl (1)
Catal#st M0 !lCl (1)
!llow BE fro$ (")(i) e.g. CHCH2Cl if an eth#l"en7ene 2
Accept 58 3=r ; 58 3I (1)
Accept Al 2 5l ;Al=r 3 ;AlI 3 (1)
One correct name and one correct formula (2)Names for both ans!ers (1 max)
(iii) H#&rogen %hlori&e HCl
Accept ans!er conse%uential on (b)(ii)6 e&.& 8=r
Re,ect hy"rochloric aci"
(%) (i) 4,%hloro,1 :,di$eth#l'henol1:,di$eth#l,4,%hloro'henol
Accept no;!ron. punctuation Allo! name base" on hy"ro-ybenzene Allo! “cloro” or “meth%l”
(ii) H#&rogen "on&ing intera%tions "etween &ettol an& water are weaer than those "etween water $ole%ulesORH#&rogen "on&ing intera%tions "etween &ettol an& water are weaer thatn the an &er aals o"!e in etto'
Too o" oo ue o !ientii! 'anuae$ Ane" $ust in%lu&e as'e%ifi% t#'e of inter$ole%ular for%e
Accept hy"ro.en bon"in. bet!een "ettol an" !ater is!eak
Re,ect "ettol molecule is too bi.
Accept "ettol can only form one 8$bon" !ith !ater;onlyhas one O8 .roup to 8$bon" !ith !ater
Re,ect ar.uments base" on lone pairs of electrons on O8 .roup bein. "elocalise" into the rin.
[1-]
3%& (a) (i) uses alues to fin& rea%tion 8 (+) .:< (D) (1)
Re,ect – 1:80
/n + 2O – + 4H
+ → /n
2+ + 2O2 + 2H2O (1) 2
Accept e%uation !ith e%uilibrium si.n
Re,ection e%uation !ith Fn on the ri.ht
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(ii) rea%tion for the 'ro&u%tion of h#&rogen is (+) 9.
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(iii) [Cu(H)4]+
OR [Cu(H)4(H2O)2]+
Accept 5u(N8 3 )2 B +
Re,ect 5u(N8 3 ) B +
Re,ect any 2+ comple-
(i) (at$os'heri%) o-#gen (1)
o-i&ises Cu+ to Cu
2+ (1) 2
Re,ect air for o-y.en
(%) (i) star%h (1)"lue,"la%"lue"la% to %olourless (1) 2
Re,ect clear for colourless
(ii) (If a&&e& too earl#) insolu"le %o$'le-"la% soli& for$e&1 $aingtitre too low
OR (If a&&e& too earl#) insolu"le %o$'le-"la% soli& for$e&1re$oes io&ine fro$ solution
OR (If a&&e& too earl#) insolu"le %o$'le-"la% soli& for$e&1%auses ina%%urate titre.
OR (If a&&e& too earl#) insolu"le %o$'le-"la% soli& for$e&1 notall the io&ine is titrate&.
(iii) !$ount thiosul'hate 8 9.96:: &$ # 0$% &o' &
–3 (1)
8 a$ount Cu2+
in 2:.9 %$ 8 .6:: # %0
–3 $ol (1)
a$ount of Cu2+
in 2:9 %$ 8 .6:: # %0
–3 # %0 (1)
$ass of Cu (in sa$'le) 8 .6:: # %0 –2
# *3$5 (1) 8 .9: g
; Cu in "rass 8 .9: # %00/%$5 =0 U (1)[IORE sf]
[$ass of .9:g with woring s%ores (,)>%orre%t answer with no woring s%ores (%).]*ar %onsequentiall# :
[22]
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3,& (a) Reagent0 %hloro$ethaneCHCl (1)
Accept bromomethane; 58 3=r;io"omethane; 58 3I
Catal#st0 (anh#&rous) alu$iniu$ %hlori&e!lCl!l2Cl6 (1)
OR equialent "ro$i&es
Accept iron(III) chlori"e; bromi"e
Re,ect iron
*ar in&e'en&entl# 2
(") (i) (free) ra&i%al su"stitution
(ii) Cl2 → 2ClE (1)
5hCH + ClE → 5hCH2
E + HCl (1)
5hCH2E + Cl2 → 5hCH2Cl + Cl
E (1)
an# one of0
2 5hCH2E → 5hCH2CH25h
5hCH2E + Cl
E → 5hCH2Cl
2 ClE → Cl2 (1)
[IORE %url# arrows]If the initiation or 'ro'agation ste's are wrong1 onl# theter$ination ste' %an s%ore %onsequentiall# on an# two of their ra&i%als. 4
ot must not be on /h penalise once
/ instea" of /h penalise once
(iii) flas an& erti%al %on&enser – nee not 7e 1on a e-a"ate ite&(1) [Ignore &ire%tion of water flow> 'enalise seale& %on&enser]
gas entr# into liuid in flas (1) [allow tu"e to go through the si&eof the flas1 "ut tu"e $ust not "e "lo%e& "# flas wall]
Allo! the .as to be bubble" "o!n a tube coa-ial !ith thecon"enser bore&
=ubblin. .as into a beaker OR other 0essel !ithout acon"enser 0 (out of 3)
heating fro$ a ele%tri% heaterheating $antlesan& "athwater "athoil "ath (1) &iagra$ or wor&sla"elling of &iagra$ not ne%essar#[IORE u sour%e]
Re,ect ,ust ‘heat’E ;'nsen[1-]
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33& (a) " 9
4s an& "
9
Accept #s13"
1
(") (i) JCNthe ()" su" –1e'' i u'' (1)
Accept orbital s (it must be plural) for sub$shell
Re,ect comments on partially fille" sub$shell
so no &,& transitions are 'ossi"leOR no transitions in the right energ# range are 'ossi"le (1)(an& no light is a"sor"e&)
!n# $ention of light e$ission loses 2n&
$ar 2
(ii) %o$"ine the half –"ea!tion to et 2Cu+ → Cu2+ + Cu (1)IORE state s#$"ols
an& show that E for this is (+) 9.< (D) (an& as it is 'ositie it is
feasi"le) (1)%on&itional on %orre%t rea%tion 2
Re,ect ,ust ‘F 9:3 >G?’
(iii) a%tiation energ# (for the &is'ro'ortionation) is highOR
Cu+
is ineti%all# sta"le
Re,ect acti0ation ener.y for one of the half$e%uations istoo hi.h
(%) (i) &ii&es ea%h "# ato$i% $ass (1)
&ii&es "# s$allest to o"tain Cu2O6H2 (1) 2
i0ision by atomic number scores zero
(ii) CuO4.Cu(OH)2 (2)If for$ula wrong "ut sul'hate O4 is 'resent s%ores (out of 2) 2
Accept 5u2 SO#(O8)2 Accept 5u2 (O8)2 SO# Accept (5uO8)2 SO#
Re,ect 8SO# instea" of SO#
Al khor International School #
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(iii) [Cu(H)4(H2O)2]2+
Accept 5u(N8 3 )# B 2+
Re,ect 5u(N8 3 ) B 2+
(i) ligan& e-%hange ligan& su"stitution
(&) (i) JC
(a&& al&eh#&e to 214 –DN
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34& (a) (i) $eth#l"en7ene'hen#l$ethane
(ii)C H 3
S O 3 H
Accept alternati0e substitution pro"ucts !ith –SO38 .roup on other rin. positions
SO3 – 8
+
Accept multiple substitutions Accept isplaye" >ormulae
Re,ect bon"in. to rin. throu.h 8 or O atom
(") (i) (%on%.) nitri% a%i& (1)
Accept 8NO3
Re,ect "ilute6 8NO3 (a%)
(%on%.) sul'huri% a%i& (1) *ar in&e'en&entl# 2
Accept 8 2 SO#
Re,ect 8 2 SO#(a%)
Re,ect incorrect formula in con,unction !ith name
(ii) O2+
Re,ect NO2 "+
(%) (i) u"stitution (1)
Ele%tro'hili% ele%tro'hile (1) 2
Accept either !ay roun"
Re,ect incorrect type or mechanism in con,unction !ith
correct response
(ii) the ring is $ore sus%e'ti"le to atta% "# ele%tro'hiles$ore nu%leo'hili% ring has greater ele%tron &ensit# (1)
as $eth#l grou' 'ushes ele%trons into ring toluene has a&i'ole $o$ent (1) 2
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(&) O-i&ation
Accept partial o-i"ation
Re,ect re"o-
Re,ect full o-i"ation
(e) so&iu$ 'otassiu$ &i%hro$ate((DI)) (1)
Accept Na2 5r 2 O' ;
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(iii) *easure $'t (1)
Co$'are with &ata OR shar' $elting 'oint (1) 2
Accept bpt& metho" can only score 2 n"
mark
(%) Danillin is liel# to "e a 'ro&u%t sin%e $$I? -e!t"u& o -"ou!t 1o an a7o"-tion o" a'e1e CO
t"et!1in /9i7"ation (1)
at a7out %=40–%=20 !& –%
an# alue within this range (1)(Bhis is a"sent in the 2,$etho-#'henol IR s'e%tru$) 2
[1-]
36& (a) [ !r ]
3 4
(1)
[ !r ]
3 4
(1)
!llow instea& of an& ↓ instea& of 2
(") Aor$s ion(s) whi%h hae a 'artiall# OR an in%o$'letel# fille&" ,(su")shell OR "$or"ital(s)
(%) (i) atie (%oalent) OR %o,or&inate (1)
Coalent (1) 2
(ii) [Ni (8 2O)6]2+
+ 2N8 → [Ni (O8 )2(8 2O4)] + 2N8 +
4
OR
[Ni (8 2O)6]2+
+ 2N8 → Ni (O8 )2 + 48 2O + 2N8 +
4
OR
[Ni (8 2O)6]2+ + 2O8 – → [Ni (O8 )2(8 2O4)] + 28 2O
OR
[Ni (8 2O)6]2+
+ 2O8 – → Ni (O8 )2 + 68 2O
I:NOR state s#$"olsI:NOR $issing square "ra%ets in an# for$ula
(iii) H+ re$oe& ("# H OR OH
– ) (1)
Aro$ (H2O) liands (1)
OB ?ust fro$ !o&-'e6 2
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(i) 3igan& e-%hangeOR ligan& re'la%e$entOR ligan& su"stitution
() [Ni (O8 )2(8 2O)4] + 6N8 → [Ni (N8 )6]2+
+ 2O8 –
+ 48 2O
OR
Ni (O8 )2 + 6N8 → [Ni (N8 )6]2+
+ 2O8 –
!llow for$ation of [Ni (N8 )4]2+
OR [Ni (N8 )4(8 2O)2]2+
%ation for$e& (1)
"alan%ing equation (1) 2
(&) " ,or"itals s'lit (in energ#) "# ligan&s (1)
JC !33O &,su"leel
absorbs light (in isi"le region) (1)OB u9 'i1t
e'e!t"on i -"o&ote O? e'e!t"on &o9e to a hiher energ# leel (1)
!n# $ention of e$ission of light %an onl# s%ore st
$ar [1,]
37& (a) (i) hite 're%i'itate OR white sus'ension OR white soli&
(ii)
+ 3 B " 2
O H O HB "
+ 3 H B "
B "
B "
21416,tri"ro$o'henol (1)
rest of equation if for for$ation of a tri"ro$o'henol (1)5 68 :O8 + =r 2 → 5 68 2=r O8 + 8=r s%ores (1) 2
(iii)
CO
O
C H 3
C 8 O in ester $ust "e shown
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(i) C (ato$) is (er#) J+ 7e!aue Cl highl# ele%tronegatieOR Cl ele%tron with&rawing (1)I:NOR referen%es to o-#gen
(so C ato$) sus%e'ti"le to nu%leo'hili% atta% OR (so C ato$)strongl# ele%tro'hili% (1)
I:NOR referen%es to a%tiation energ# 2
(") n and conc h#&ro%hlori% a%i& (a%%e't %on% HCl) OR Ae and conch#&ro%hlori% a%i& (a%%e't %on% HCl)IORE an# referen%es to aOHIORE referen%es to Ae or n as a %atal#st
(%) (i) • o&iu$ nitrite OR aO2 OR so&iu$ nitrate(;;;) (1)
OB LB HO2
• H#&ro%hlori% a%i& OR &ilute sul'huri% a%i& OR aqueous
sul'huri% a%i& 2
!CCE5B HCl if qualifie&. o not a%%e't %on%. sul'huri% a%i&Onl# awar& the h#&ro%hlori% a%i& $ar if aO2 or KO2 or HO2gien as %o,reagent
(ii) @elow 9 C L "ea!tion too 'o (1)
!"oe : C L -"ou!t e!o&-oe O? iaoniu& ion e!o&-oe (1) 2 OB HO2 &e%o$'oses
(iii)
N N O H
O ? Oi n t e a o O H " o u -
–
(i) issole in minimum olu$e of "oiling solent OR &issole inminimum olu$e of hot solent (1)
JC OB LB &a'' 9o'u&e AEEOG an# s'e%ifie& solent in%lu&ing water]Ailter hot OR filter through heated funnel (1)Cool or leae to %r#stallise (1)Ailter (un&er su%tion) (1)ash soli& with %ol& solent (an& leae to &r#)OR wash soli& with s$all olu$e of solent (an& leae to &r#) (1) :
[15]
Al khor International School *#
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4-& (a) (i) 9;#
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(%) (i) EX 8 + .46 – ( – 0$%3) ( + ) 1&37 (D)
Corre%t answer alone (1)
(ii)
theseo$ an%
+
+
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
tana"nota"e 7atte")!a"(in t1e!onitiont1e
&&o'%notZ
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(iii)
4%0)0(4$2
%000
0$24 −××OR 9.99924 ($ol)
@he mark is for the ans!er
(i)=
× −
2
%040$24
.2(9) # %0 –4
($ol) OR 9.9992 ($ol)
AEEOG @ from (iii)@he mark is for the ans!er
() .2 # %0 –4
# %00 0$0%2(0) (&o' & –3
)
!33O BE fro$ (i)@he mark is for the ans!er
[12]
42& (a) itri% a%i& HO (1)
ilute 4* a%i& an& "oilheat (1) 2
(") Re&u%tion AEEOG re&o-
(%) (i) 4( –) a&ino-1eno' / 4(–)1"o6-1en'a&ineOR ( –)a&ino(–)4(–)1"o67enene et! AEEOG 'ara ' et%
(ii) !&& %o''er(II) (sul'hate solution) Cu2+
(1)reen "rown ('re%i'itate) for$s (1) 2
(&) (i)O H
N H C O C H 3
( + 2 N a O H ) ( + C H C O N a + H O )
O N a
N H 2
3 2 2
Organi% for$ula full# %orre%t (2)Onl# one grou' rea%ting (1) 2
(ii) o "e%ause1 'henol is not a strong enough acid to rea%t with so&iu$%ar"onate (1)NO@ 7e!aue -1eno' i a ea a!i %
Al khor International School *'
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(e) (i) Dan &er aals an (-e"&anent) i-o'e – (-e"&anent) i-o'e; an
JC h#&rogen "on&s (1)
Dan &er aals "etween aro$ati% rings eer#where an#where (1)(5er$anent) &i'ole for%e "etween %ar"on#l C8O grou's (1)
H#&rogen "on&s eg "etween –H an OC (1) 4=H@ must make it clear !hich atoms are in0ol0e"
(ii) Dan &er aals total for%es in 'ara%eta$ol are too strong
JC OR H#&rogen "on&s in water are too strong
AEEOG %ar"on %hain too long large
AEEOG "e%ause of "en7ene ring
(f) (@roa&) OH (stret%hing a"sor'tion fro$) (1)
%53- – 3200 (%$ –%
) (1)
OR(@roa&) H (stret%hing a"sor'tion fro$) (1)
%3-- – 3140 (%$ –%
) (1)
=on" must be specifie" for 1st
mark but ran.e mark is
not "epen"ent on 1st
mark 2
(g) (i) C6ully correct !ith char.e
(ii) 4 –CHCO+ C2HO
+ CHO
+
–C6H:O+ (1)
I:NOR char.es unless both ne.ati0e6 then 1 ma! if fully correct A55/@ semi$structural formulae but NO@
O H+
2
(h) o gastri% internal "lee&ing suita"le for #ounger %hil&ren [2-]
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4%& (i) (@u%hner) flas "oiling tu"e %onne%te& to 'u$'1 glass tu"ethrough sto''er into solutioneg
- u & -
o "
- u & -
A55/@
A i " - u & -
=ut must be a test tube an" tube to bottom as sho!n
(ii) FH+ 4H2O
A55/@ multiples
(iii) u$"er of $oles of $anganate(DII) ion
)0(0004$0%000
020$020=
×=
(1)
u$"er of $oles of ele%trons8 : # 0$00040 0$002(0) (1)
u$"er of $oles of ana&iu$ ions
00%$0%000
%0$0%0=
×=
(1)
(as ana&iu$(D) is for$e& "# loss of 2 $oles of ele%trons)O-i&ation nu$"er of ana&iu$ in aerate& solution is + (1) 4
(i) It is a 'owerful o-i&ising agent1
8 +.: DOR It is self,in&i%ating
[5]
4,& (a) Bhe e$f of a half,%ell $easure& relatie to the stan&ar& h#&rogen ele%tro&e (1)
all solutions at $ol &$ –3
%on%entration an& gases at at$ 'ressure 9 5aan& at a state& te$'erature 2FK (1) Stan"alone mark
AEEOG 'ressure of 99 5a 2
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(") Intro&u%ing another $etal wire woul& set u' its own '.&. %anonl# $easure a 'otential &ifferen%e nee& sour%e an& sin for ele%trons olt$eter requires two %onne%tions
(%) (i) 2Ae(s) + O2(.) + 2H2O(l) → 2Ae2+
(aq) + 4OH –
(aq) or $ulti'les
OR
2Ae(s) + O2(.) + 2H2O(l) → 2Ae(OH)2 (s)
'e%ies (1)
"alan%ing (1)
o not allow s'e%ies $ar if ele%trons still in equation1 "ut allow"alan%ing $ar if 4e on "oth si&es 2
(ii) Erea%t 8 (+) 9.F4 (D) (1)
reater than 7ero therefore feasi"le (1) 2
JC (iii) /n o-i&ises 'referentiall# to Ae /in% a%ts as sa%rifi%ial (ano&e) (1)If n use& (an& &a$age&)1 Ae o-i&ises> 'referentiall# (1)isallow “o*idises more readil%”
E /n
2+ /n $ore negatie than for Ae
OR
E /n /n
2+ $ore 'ositie than for Ae
OR E
q%ell for /n "eing o-i&ise& "# O2 is $ore 'ositie than for Ae
"eing o-i&ise& "# O2OR
si$ilar E argu$ents relate& to 'referential o-i&ation with n (1)
"isallo! “higher” or “)igger” $or more negative or more &ositive[1-]
43& (a) elo%alisation ',s#stern (1)
&ue to oerla' of si- p,or"italsORue to oerla' of p,or"itals aroun& the ring (1)
Confers sta"ilit# "en7ene at a lower energ# leel $ore energ# nee&e& to "rea"on&s %o$'are& with haing three se'arate ' &ou"le "on&s %#%lohe-atriene1Keule stru%ture (1) Stan"alone mark
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(") st
ste'0 sul'huri% and nitri% a%i& (1)%on%entrate& (1)Inter$e&iate0 itro"en7ene C6H:O2 (1)
2n&
te'0 Bin iron and conc HCl (followe& "# a&&ition of alali) (1)"isallo! Sn or >e as catalyst 4
(%) (i) !l@r Ae@r !lCl !l2Cl6 AeCl Ae2Cl6
(ii) !l@r + CHCH2@r CHCH2+ +
−4A'B" (1)
!33O C2H:+ in this e%uation only
+
+
C H 2 C H 3
C H 2 C H 3
C H 2 C H 3
C H 2 C H 3
C H 2 C H 3
C H 2 C H 3
2 3
C H 2 C H 3
( % ) o " a " " o
( % ) o " a " " o
H
H
I n t e " & e i a t e ( % )
I n t e " & e i a t e ( % )
+ H B " + A ' B " 3B " – A ' B " 3H
H
( % ) o " a " " o " o & C – H 7 o n
( % ) o " a " " o
+ H+
O ?
(%)
!rrowso not allo! to 5 2 8 *
+4
AEEOG to point ; .o to + char.e
AEEOG 5 2 8 * in interme"iate
(iii) Ele%tro'hili% su"stitution [1%]
44& (a) (i) Aor$s ions whi%h hae 'artiall# fille& " ,or"itals
OR Aor$s ions whi%h hae a 'artiall# fille& " ,su"shell
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(ii) %an&iurn % and /in% /n
(") (i) Ae2+
[!r] &6
*n
2+
[!r] &
:
(1) for both correct
(ii) Ae+
is &: half fille& " ,su"shell whi%h is $ore sta"le than &
6 (1)
*n2+
is (alrea) &: (whi%h is $ore sta"le than &
4) (1) 2
(%) ha'e (1)@on&ing to %orre%t ato$s (1)
(4 –) (4–)
N C
N C
C N
: e
C N
C N
C N
O ?
N C
: e
N C
C N
C N
C N
C N
2
(&) Bwo !s ato$s o-i&ise& fro$ + to +: 'er $ole of !s2O
(loss of 4e – ) (1)
if : $oles o-i&ise&1 total 29e – 3ost %hange in o-i&ation no. 8 29 (1)
4 $oles *nO4 – re&u%e&1 total 29e
– gaine& %hange in o-i&ation no. 29
ea%h *n(DII) gains :e – %hange in o-i&ation no. : (1)
*n(ll) *n2+
(1) NO@ stan"alone mark 4
(e) (i) DO – + 2H
+ 2HO
+ → DO2
+ + H2O H2O
(ii) o "e%ause o-i&ation no. of D is +: in DO2+ O-i&ation no. of D
un%hange& (at +:)
(iii) Airst green %olour 0 DO2+ and DO
2+ (1)
e%on& green %olour 0 D+
[D(H2O)6 ]+
(1)
Diolet %olour 0 D2+
[D(H2O)6 ]2+
1 (1)
[14]
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45& (a) OCl – → 2Cl
– + ClO
– (1)
%hlorine (in OCl – ) is (si$ultaneousl#) o-i&ise& fro$ + to +: (1)
an& re&u%e& fro$ + to –% (1)If only o-i"ation numbers .i0en ma! 1 (out o' 2)
If o-i"ation numbers omitte" ma! 1 (out o' 2)
(") (i) "lue "la% to %olourless
(ii) no. $oles−2
32OS use& 8 2.: # 0$ % / %000 %$ 25 # %0 –3
(1)
no. $oles I2 8 .2: # %0 –3
2 8 6.2: # %0 –4
(1)
no. $oles ClO – 8 no. $oles 2 (1)
no. $oles ClO – in original 9 %$
8 9 # *$25 # %0
–4
8 6.2: # %0 –3
(1)
no. $oles ClO – in &$
8 99 # *$25 # %0
–3 (1) 8 9.62: :
(iii) $ass Cl2 8 9.62: # =%
44$4 ()
mark conse%uentially on (ii)must be 3s&f& in final ans!er
(%) Cl2 is the stronger o-i&ising agent "e%ause Cl2 o-i&ises fro$(+)2 to (+)6 (1)"ut l2 o-i&ises fro$ (+)2 to (+)2.:9 (1) 2
JC (&) O2 o-i&ises KI io&i&e to l2. or "alan%e& equation (1)
ll2 rea%ts with star%h 'a'er to gie "lue "la% (1) 2
[1,]
46& (a) C9HF AEEOG (C:H4)2NO@ (C6H4)2
(") (i) –*00NO@ + 699NO@ 699
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(ii) a'hthalene is $oreer# sta"le than &ou"le "on&s suggest (1)
?ust be a comparison for the 1st
mark
Bherefore the ele%trons"on&s $a# "eare &elo%alise&(oer the ring s#ste$)
OR it is a &elo%alise& s#ste$ (1) No @ from (i)elocalise" mark can be .i0en if "elocalisation mentione" in (iii) 2
(iii) o"e%ause it is liel# to rea%t lie "en7ene &elo%alise& stru%ture no &ou"le "on&sOR "ro$ine not a strong enough ele%tro'hile without a %atal#st
OR e 7ut on' i bromine [OB "ro$ine solution] an& a %atal#st %
(%) (i) Reagent2,%hloro'ro'ane (1) AEEOG ,%hloro'ro'ane OR other halogeno'ro'anesNO@ %hloro'ro'aneNO@ "ro$o,2,'ro'ane
AEEOG formula !ith or !ithout non$systematic name AEEOG ClCH(CH)2 OR (CH)2CHCl OR C(CH)2HCl OR ClC(CH)2H
Catal#stalu$iniu$ %hlori&e !lCl!l2Cl6OR alu$iniu$ "ro$i&e !l@r 3
OR iron(III) %hlori&eAeCl (1)
NO@ !lCl4( –)
NO@ i"on on its o!n
If both correct but !ron. !ay roun" 1 (out o' 2) 2
(ii) ele%tro'hili% (1)su"stitution (1)5an be .i0en in any or"er?ark in"epen"ently 2
[7]
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47& (a) (i) Ae [!r]
&64s
2
or &64s2or &64s2
or 4s2&
6 (1)
Ae2+ [!r]
&6
or &6
or &64s
9 (1)
Eetter " must be lo!er case !n# a&&itional letters of nu$"ers (-) 2
(ii) @he mark is for the shape
AEEOG bon" to 8 of 8 2 O (e-cept on left si"e if O8 2 is .i0en)
I:NOR char.e unless incorrect
(iii) [Ae(H2O)6]2+
+ 2OH – → [Ae(OH)2(H2O)4] + 2H2O
OR
[Ae(H2O)6]2+
+ 2OH – → Ae(OH)2 + 6H2O
OR equations with 2aOH as rea%tant an& 2a+
as 'ro&u%tI:NOR state symbols
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(i) reen 're%i'itate soli& → fo-#,re& re&,"rown "rown orange
=oth colours an" precipitate ; soli" nee"e" NO@ &arens
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() 2 + H2 → 2H
OR equation with Cl2
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(") (i) E$f of %ell 'otential &ifferen%e of %ell %ontaining Ae2+
an& Ae (1)and stan&ar& h#&rogen ele%tro&e half %ell NO@ SHF
OR h#&rogen ele%tro&e an& $ol &$ –3
H+ an& at$ H2 (1)
$ol &$ –3
Ae2+
I:NOR temperature
Al khor International School
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JCN(ii) E$f of h#&rogen ele%tro&e is 7ero – state" or implie" (e.g. if %al%ulate E%ell 8 +9.44(D)) (1)
Ae + 2H+ → Ae
2+ + H2 (1) – e%uation stan" alone
5otential for the rea%tion is 'ositie so rea%tion is feasi"le (1)OR
H+ an& (@)H2 has a $ore +e ele%tro&e 'otential than Ae2+ an& Ae (1)
H+ will o-i&ise Ae H
+ is an o-i&ising agent Ae is a re&u%ing
agent for H+ other %orre%t re&o- state$ent (1)
Ae + 2H+ → Ae
2+ + H2 (1) – stan" alone
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(iii) High a so slow rea%tion rea%tants are ineti%all# sta"le
I:NOR any mention of non$stan"ar" con"itions
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(%) 2Ae+
+ 2I – → 2Ae
2+ + I2 or wor&s E
9 8 () -&2%D (1)
o I – woul& re&u%e Ae
+ Ae
+ woul& o-i&ise I
– E
9 'ositie so rea%tion
3 → R (1)
OR reerse argu$ent (2)
OR Ae
+ an& Ae
2+ has a $ore 'ositie ele%tro&e 'otential than I2 an& I
– (1)
I – will re&u%e Ae
+ Ae
+ will o-i&ise I
– (1) 2
[13]
Al khor International School '1
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8/19/2019 Unit 5 Exam Questions MS
72/201
5-& (a) (i) C6H:O – a
+ C6H:Oa C6H:O
–
o not allo! co0alent O$Na
(ii)
No other Isomer allo!e"
OR
I:NOR bon" to 8 of O8
Al khor International School '2
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73/201
(iii)
No rin. substitution allo!e"
Al khor International School '3
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8/19/2019 Unit 5 Exam Questions MS
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(") (i) aO2 so&iu$ nitrate nitrate(III) (1)
%on% aq &il HCl h#&ro%hlori% a%i& (1)NO@ HCI !n# te$'erature "etween 9 , 9 COR range "etween 9 , 9 C (1)
NO@ 'e t1an %0 CI:NOR eer#thing "efore 'hen#la$ine eg starting fro$ "en7ene5on"itions are "epen"ent on correct or nearly correct rea.ents
Al khor International School '#
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(ii)
Corre%t &ia7oniu$ ion (1) if , +8 the + $ust "e on %orre%t
Corre%t equation (1)I:NOR 'osition of OH grou'
5an inclu"e 5l – if e%uation is balance"
AEEOG + C6H:OH → $ + H+
2
Al khor International School '*
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8/19/2019 Unit 5 Exam Questions MS
76/201
(iii) !laline alali so&iu$ h#&ro-i&e aOH KOH 'otassiu$ h#&ro-i&e so&iu$ %ar"onate so&iu$ h#&rogen%ar"onateI:NOR te$'erature
[7]
Al khor International School '
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8/19/2019 Unit 5 Exam Questions MS
77/201
51& (a) (i) Chloro$ethane "ro$o$ethane (1) AEEOG $eth#l %hlori&e
(anh#&rous) alu$iniu$ %hlori&e (1)NO@ iron (III) %hlori&e "ro$i&e AEEOG formulae 2
Al khor International School ''
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8/19/2019 Unit 5 Exam Questions MS
78/201
(ii) u"stitution (1)Ele%tro'hili% (1)In any or"er
–% o" ea!1 e6t"a in!o""e!t t-e e aition a e'' a u7titution 2
Al khor International School '
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8/19/2019 Unit 5 Exam Questions MS
79/201
(iii) CHCl + !lCl → A'C'4− an& CH
+ CH
+ !lCl4
− (1)
AEEOG @ !ith >e5l 3
an& the 'ositie ionele%tro'hile is then attra%te& to the (&elo%alise&)ele%trons in the "en7ene ringnegatie "en7ene ring (1) 2
Al khor International School '4
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8/19/2019 Unit 5 Exam Questions MS
80/201
(") (i)
2 (or or 4),%hloro(,,)$eth#l"en7ene (1) – must be consistent !ith formula AEEOG ,%hloro,4,$eth#l "en7ene $eth#l,4,%hloro"en7ene et% 2
Al khor International School
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8/19/2019 Unit 5 Exam Questions MS
81/201
(ii) Chlorine (in an inert solent) (1)NO@ aqH2O
iron OR iron(III) %hlori&e (1)?ark in"epen"ently AEEOG formulae 2
Al khor International School 1
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82/201
(%) (i) u"stitution (1)u%leo'hili% (1)I:NOR h#&rol#sisNO@
NO@ h#&rogenation 2
Al khor International School 2
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83/201
(ii) se%on& or&er
"e%ause the halogenoalane is a 'ri$ar# one two 'arti%les"othrea%tants are inole& in R (1)
Aor$ulae showing %ar"on ato$ has a J+ it1 OH− atta%ing it
If SN 1 AEEOG ma! 1 for sho!in. halo.enoalkane ionisin. in
slo!est step 2
Al khor International School 3
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8/19/2019 Unit 5 Exam Questions MS
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(&) (Aull) o-i&ation re&o-NO@ re&u%tionNO@ 'artial o-i&ation
Al khor International School #
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(e) An 2set the$ on fireheat (1)"oth "urn with a soot# fla$e (1)
a&& so&iu$ (1)"oth gie off "u""les of gas h#&rogenfi77efferes%eso&iu$ will
&isa''earwhite soli& for$s (1)
a&& 5Cl: (1)
$ist# fu$es of HCl (1)
nitri% an& sul'huri% a%i& (1) NO@ nitration'ro&u%es #ellow"rownre& 'ro&u%ts (1) NO@ "rown gas &isa''ears
If the# &es%ri"e esterifi%ation to 'ro&u%e oil# &ro's of the sa$e ester ma! 2NO@ reagents whi%h 'ro&u%e no rea%tion eg. @ra "eaentNO@ &e%olorise "ro$ine water NO@ &e%olorise "ro$ine an& iron iron "ro$i&e 4
[17]
Al khor International School *
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86/201
52& (a) (i) CH: (1)
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8/19/2019 Unit 5 Exam Questions MS
87/201
(ii)
?ark in"epen"ently AEEOG other three6 four an" fi0e membere" rin. structures AEEOG fully;partially "isplaye" formulaeNO@ open$chain structure !ith 2 H C6C NO+ C 8 1 =r 2 6 open
chain !ith one 575 2
Al khor International School '
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(iii) tru%tural for$ula (1)
OR @&& pro0i"in. correct numbers of bon"s?ay be in e%uation
9thanol"alcohol(ic) an& heat 'ressure seale& tu"e (1)
C6H9@r 2 + 4H → C6H42 + 2H4@r (2)
A55/@ 8=r (for (1)) 4
Al khor International School
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(")
A55/@ any multiples ; partial multiples AEEOG allo!e" @ from (iii)I:NOR ‘n’s 2
5on"ensation (polymerisation) (1) [11]
Al khor International School 4
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8/19/2019 Unit 5 Exam Questions MS
90/201
5%& (a) (i) s22s
22'
6s
2'
64s
&
:
OR
s22s
22'
6s
2'
6&
:4s
JCN(ii) D an& *n hae two 4s ele%trons fille& 4s (or"ital) Cr has one (1)
&ue to sta"ilit# of half,fille& shell4s an& & leels hae si$ilar energies (1) 2
Al khor International School 4
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8/19/2019 Unit 5 Exam Questions MS
91/201
JCN(") Cr +
(aq)1 Cr 2+
(aq)(I5t) –0$4%(V) (1)
[O2(g) + 2H2O(l)]1 4OH – (aq)(I5t) +9.4(9) (D) (1)
AEEOG a state symbol omission in each& AEEOG half e%uations5an be .i0en in a cell "ia.ram
"# a''li%ation of the anti,%lo%wise rule o-#gen will o-i&ise Cr 2+
OR
E9 %ell 8 (+) 9.F(D) an& this is reater than (+) 9.6 (D)
OR
Cr 2+
has $ore negatie ele%tro&e 'otential so will re&u%e o-#gen o-#gen $ore 'ositie et%. (1)
Al khor International School 41
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92/201
JCN(%) (i) ater a%ts as a ligan& "# a non,"on&ing 'air (of ele%trons onthe o-#gen ato$) (1)*aing a &atie (%oalent)%o,or&inate "on& (to the %hro$iu$ ion) (1)2
(ii) @i&entate%helate"ri&ging
Al khor International School 42
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93/201
JCN(iii) Bwo 'eas in the *R s'e%tru$ (1)ue to two &ifferent eniron$ents of h#&rogen ato$s H in H2O an& H in CH (1)
?ark in"epen"ently 2
Al khor International School 43
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94/201
JCN(i) An two0C,H ?ust "elow 999 262,2F: 4F:,6:O,H 299,F99C8O
-
8/19/2019 Unit 5 Exam Questions MS
95/201
(&) (i) C2H6O to C2H4O 'roi&e& a2Cr 2O
-
8/19/2019 Unit 5 Exam Questions MS
96/201
5,& (a) (i) Au$ing sul'huri% a%i& %on%.sul'huri% a%i& P sul'hur trio-i&e (1)ar$(heat un&er) reflu- hot high te$'erature (1)[fu$ing%on%. %oul& a''ear as a %on&ition]OR %on%entrate& sul'huri% a%i&
(heat un&er) reflu- for se*eral hours (1) 2
(ii) O OH+
Al khor International School 4
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8/19/2019 Unit 5 Exam Questions MS
97/201
(") (i) OR C6H:@r
(ii) u"stitution (1) Ele%tro'hile (1) 2
(iii) !s o!en lone pair is &elo%alise& into ring intera%ts with e – in ring (1)
@en7ene ring $ore attra%tie to ele%tro'hilesgreater ele%tron&ensit#$ore nu%leo'hili% (1) 2
Al khor International School 4'
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8/19/2019 Unit 5 Exam Questions MS
98/201
(%) (i) Eth#l"en7ene5hen#lethane
(ii) !lu$iniu$ %hlori&e rea%ts with %hloroethane (1)In&u%ing a 'ositie %harge on the eth#l grou' (1)OR %orre%t equation showing %harges
!lCl + CHCH2Cl → !lCl4 + CHCH2 (2) 2
Al khor International School 4
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8/19/2019 Unit 5 Exam Questions MS
99/201
(&) (i) LDsun light
(ii) 121141:16,(he-a)%hloro %#%lohe-ane [1%]
Al khor International School 44
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8/19/2019 Unit 5 Exam Questions MS
100/201
53& (a) (i) It is non,su'eri$'osa"le on $irror i$age it has a single as#$$etri%%ar"on ato$
(ii) rotates the 'lane (of 'olarisation) (1)of ('lane –) -o'a"ie (&ono!1"o&ati!) 'i1t (1)OR
Lse a 'olari$eter (1)rotates the 'lane (of 'olarisation) of the light (1) 2
(iii) 'ro&u%t is an equi$olar $i-turera%e$i% $i-ture (1)so rotations %an%el (1) 2
Al khor International School 1
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8/19/2019 Unit 5 Exam Questions MS
101/201
(") – NH +Cl
– on the a$ino grou' (1)
–COO – a
+ on the %ar"o-#l grou' (1) 2
(%) /wifterion t"u!tu"e (1)Bhere is ioni% attra%tion "etween a&?a%ent 7witterions (1) 2
Al khor International School 11
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8/19/2019 Unit 5 Exam Questions MS
102/201
(&) (i) ('ol#$er for$e& "#) eli$ination re$oal of a s$all $ole%ule water ("etween two $ono$ers)
(ii) an# CIOCNNNCOCl (1) an& H2NCH2NH2 (1) 2
(iii) stru%ture %onsequential on answer to (ii) showing a$i&e lin (1)
an& e-tension of the %hain (1) 2
(i)
N C C N C C N C C
H C H O C H O H C H O
H H H H
3 3 3
COH &rawn out (1)
how units (1) 2[14]
Al khor International School 12
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8/19/2019 Unit 5 Exam Questions MS
103/201
54& (a) (i) –240 ([ &o' –%
)
(ii) –3*0 ([ &o' –%
)5enalise in%orre%t units on%e onl#
(iii) Oerla' of ',or"itals ' (s#ste$) (1)
(results in) &elo%alisation (1)
$aes "en7ene ($ore) sta"le ("# :2 $ol –%
) (1)JCN
Al khor International School 13
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8/19/2019 Unit 5 Exam Questions MS
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(") (i) !l@r !IC Ae@r Ae
Aor$ula $ust "e %orre%t> no na$es
(ii) Ignore %url# arrows in this first ste'> $ar s'e%ies onl#(%onsistent with %atal#st)
B "
B "B "
+
+
+ –
++ H
B " + A ' B " B " + A ' B "2 3 4 ( 1 )
(1) (1) stru%ture(1) arrow
!lternatie wa# of showing 'art 'la#e& "# %atal#st
B " B " A ' B " 3
!llow Keul. inte"&eiate 4
B "
H
+
(iii) Ele%tro'hili% su"stitution [11]
Al khor International School 1#
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8/19/2019 Unit 5 Exam Questions MS
105/201
55& (a) (i) s22s
22'
6s
2'
6&
94s
2a%%e't an# or&er
(ii) s22s
22'
6s
2'
6&
9Conseq on (a) (i)
(") d@block0 last (a&&e&) ele%tron is in a & –(u7) 1e'' / o"7ita' (1)$ot transition0 &oes not for$ ions with 'artiall# fille& &,(su") shell
or"itals (1) 2
(%) ,&rawing e.g. we&ges hat%hes or 'ers'e%tie &iagra$ (1)3a"els %oalent "on& within water $ole%ule (1). Bhis $ust "e &rawnout use of a e# is a%%e'ta"le.
hows &atie %oalent "on& fro$ water to %entral /n2+
(1)3a"els a 9 an'e (1)Ignore a"sen%e of %harge on ion 4
Al khor International School 1*
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8/19/2019 Unit 5 Exam Questions MS
106/201
(&) (i) hite 're%i'itate soli& sus'ension (1) OB 'ow&er Colourless solution (in e-%ess a$$onia) OB !'ea" (1) 2
(ii) [/n(H2O)6]2+
+ 2H → [/n(OH)2(H2O)4]+ 2H4+
/r
[/n(H2O)6]2+
+ 2OH –
→ [/n(OH)2(H2O)4]+ 2H2O/r
[/n(H2O)6]2+
+ 2OH – → /n(OH)2 + 6H2O
/r
[/n(H2O)6]2+
+ 2H → /n(OH)2 + 2H4+ + 4H2O (1)
[/n(OH)2(H2O)4] + 4H → [/n(H)4(H2O)2]2+
+ 2OH – + 2H2O
/r
/n(OH)2 + 4H → [/n(H)4]2+
+ 2OH –
(1) for %ation for$e&(1) for "alan%ing equation with the %orre%t s'e%ies (2)
Al khor International School 1
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8/19/2019 Unit 5 Exam Questions MS
107/201
(e) (i) &,(su") shell or"itals are full &9
arrange$ent of ele%trons (1)o ?u$'s of &,ele%trons no &,& transitions (1)
!n# $ention of e – falling "a% &own or no -'ittin o Yo"7ita' an
e!on &a" i not aa"e 2
(ii) Cr is a transition $etal Cr %an hae &,& transitions CrO42 –
is#ellow Cr(+6) or Cr(DI) is #ellow
[14]
Al khor International School 1'
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8/19/2019 Unit 5 Exam Questions MS
108/201
56& (a) (i) Bhe 'otential (&ifferen%e) e.$.f. (of a half –!e'') "e'ati9e to t1etana" 1"oen e'e!t"oe (1)
Con!ent"ation (o a'' ion) % &o' & –3
and(an# gases at) 'ressure at$ (1)Ignore an# referen%es to te$'erature 2
(ii) /ne 'rom:Can onl# $easure a 'otential di''erence/r o that %o$'arisons %an "e $a&e "etween an# half %ells
Al khor International School 1
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8/19/2019 Unit 5 Exam Questions MS
109/201
(") (i) :H2O2 + 2*nO4 – + 6H
+ → :O2 + 2*n
2+ + FH2O (2)
(1) for s'e%ies(1) for "alan%ing the %orre%t s'e%ies
Ereaction 8 + 9.F4 (D) (1)
or if ?ust states 0$4; &ut &ention t1at t1i i a -oiti9e 9a'ue 3
Al khor International School 14
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8/19/2019 Unit 5 Exam Questions MS
110/201
(ii) Ai77ing"u""les (1)('in) %olour lost sta#s %olourless (1)(en& 'oint) solution re$ains 'in 'ale 'ur'le (1)
(iii) 2H2O2 → 2H2O + O2 (1)
O (in H2O
2) o-i&ise& fro$ –% to 0 (in O
2) (1)
O (in H2O2) re&u%e& fro$ –% to –2 (in H2O) (1)
[12]
Al khor International School 11
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8/19/2019 Unit 5 Exam Questions MS
111/201
57& (a) 6
solution =
o&iu$%ar"onate
fi77ingefferes%en%
e "u""les (1)
no rea%tion no "u""les (1)
@ra "eaent (2;4Yinit"o -1en' 1"aine)
no !1ane/
(ta)
e''o/o"ane
(1)
#ellow orange orange,re& or
#ellow,orangeprecipitate "
(%r#stalline) soli&(1)
5otassiu$&i%hro$ate +sul'huri% a%i&
no %hange(sta#s)
orange (1)
oes fro$ orange togreen
"rownishgreen&ull green
(1)
Al khor International School 111
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8/19/2019 Unit 5 Exam Questions MS
112/201
(") (i)
o not allo! if bon" is ob0iously to !ron. atom frombenzenerin.
Al khor International School 112
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113/201
(ii)
Al khor International School 113
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114/201
(iii) Ln&is'la#e& ester + un%hange& – CHO (1)Corre%tl# &is'la#e& for "oth grou's (1) 2
(i) sul'huri% a%i& h#&ro%hlori% a%i&
() Cl (an& O) ele%tronegatieele%tron with&rawing (1)
o C&+
is $ore er# sus%e'ti"le to nu%leo'hili% atta% $ore &+$ore ele%tro'hili% (1) 2
Al khor International School 11#
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8/19/2019 Unit 5 Exam Questions MS
115/201
(%) (i) Ele%tro'hiles ele%tro'hili%
(ii) @r &+
@r + @r
&+ – @r
& –
(iii) !n# su"stitution 'ro&u%t with @r on "en7ene ring1 an& other grou's un%hange&
(i) lone 'airs ele%trons on phenolic grou' $ae ring $ore negatie than in "en7ene lone 'airs on /
-
8/19/2019 Unit 5 Exam Questions MS
116/201
6-& (a) s2 2s
2 2'
6 s
2 '
6 &
6 4s
24s
2 &
6 OR &
F (4s
9) (1)
In%o$'lete & shell (in the ion) (1) 2
Al khor International School 11
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8/19/2019 Unit 5 Exam Questions MS
117/201
(") (i) i(CO)4
(ii) 9
Al khor International School 11'
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8/19/2019 Unit 5 Exam Questions MS
118/201
(%) (i) i(H2O)62+
(aq) + H(aq) → i(H2O):(H)2+
(aq) + H2O(I)
QWCB (ii) is liel# to "e s$all %lose to 7ero (1) – No -! ame number o' moles"molecules"particles in the same stateson "oth si&es of the equation (1) 2
Al khor International School 11
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8/19/2019 Unit 5 Exam Questions MS
119/201
(&) (i) !g+(aq) + Cl
– (aq) → !g
(+)Cl
( –)(s)
(ii) $ole of !gCl has a $ass of 4.:(9F+:.:) (1)OR 4. fro$ ata @oo (or 4.4)u$"er of $oles of !gCl 8 6.4.: 8 9.942
-
8/19/2019 Unit 5 Exam Questions MS
120/201
(iii) : + F # 6 + %= # (* – 6) +=% 234232 + 6 234
6 2 %
(Ni(H2O)2(H)4]Cl2) Aor$ula OB nee&e& for $ar
(i) Bhe two water $ole%ules %oul& "e at F9 o" >0 to one anot1e"
O%tahe&ral stru%ture (1) !33O the wor& o%tahe&ral to e-'lain &iagra$Qs sha'e 2
[1,]
Al khor International School 12
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8/19/2019 Unit 5 Exam Questions MS
121/201
61& (a) (i) s22s
22'
6s
2'
6&
F4s
2
(ii) s22s
22'
6s
2'
6 &
F
Al khor International School 121
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122/201
(")
N i
O H
O HO H
O H
H O
H O
2
2 2
2
2
2 (1)
Shape mark ?ust be 3 –D ie wedges or dashesla"elle& %oalent "etween O –H OR arrow to H2Oan& la"elle& %oalent
"on& (1)la"elle& &atie %oalent "etween O ato$ an& ion (1)
Al khor International School 122
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8/19/2019 Unit 5 Exam Questions MS
123/201
(%) (i) [i(H2O)4(OH)2]
AEEOG i(OH)2
Al khor International School 123
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8/19/2019 Unit 5 Exam Questions MS
124/201
(ii) e'rotonation (1)two su%%essie &e'rotonations neutral s'e%ies 'ro&u%ing insolu"le%o$'oun& (1) 2
Al khor International School 12#
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8/19/2019 Unit 5 Exam Questions MS
125/201
(iii) 3igan& e-%hange (1)
giing (solu"le) [i(H2O)9 or 2(H)6 or 4]2+
OR in !or"s (1) 2
[1-]
Al khor International School 12*
-
8/19/2019 Unit 5 Exam Questions MS
126/201
62& (a) (i) Lse Eq alues for re&u%tion of Ae
+ to Ae
2+ "# /n (E
q %ell 8 + .:D) (1)
an& Ae2+
to Ae "# /n (Eq
%ell 8 +9.2D)(1)
Bhe# hae 'ositie Eq so are feasi"le (1) NO@ i'' 1a--en
O?
ATTO\ Zn2+
/n is $ore negatie than "oth Ae+
Ae2+
an& Ae2+
Ae (1)so 7in% is a stronger re&u%ing agent (1)so 7in% re&u%ing "oth is feasi"le (1)
Al khor International School 12
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8/19/2019 Unit 5 Exam Questions MS
127/201
(ii) Re&u%tion of Ae2+
has high a%tiation energ# ineti%all# sta"le
Al khor International School 12'
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8/19/2019 Unit 5 Exam Questions MS
128/201
(") (i) *n O4 – + :Ae
2+ + FH
+ → *n
2+ + :Ae
+ + 4H2O
'e%ies (1)@alan%e (1) !n# state s#$"ols ignore&. 2
Al khor International School 12
-
8/19/2019 Unit 5 Exam Questions MS
129/201
(ii) 'ur'le %olour of *nO4 – lost (1)
en& 'oint when #ellow %olourless solution (1)"e%o$es ('er$anentl#) 'in (1)
Al khor International School 124
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8/19/2019 Unit 5 Exam Questions MS
130/201
(%) !$ount *nO4 – in
st titration 8 9.9F2 &$
# 0$0200 &o' &
–3
8 .64 # %0 –4
$ol (1)
!$ount Ae2+
in original solution 8 : # a7o9e 9a'ue %$2 # %0 –3
$ol (1)
!$ount Ae2+
in 2n&
titration 8 a$ount of Ae2+
an&