Unit 5 1844-1877A Senor Escoba Preduction

Nat Turner’s Rebellion

Rebellion started on the morning of August 22, 1831

60 whites were killed Some had previous

connection to Turner himself

Men, women, and childrenBacklash towards slaves

Many not even connected to the rebellion at all

The South becomes “The South”

Slavery was not exactly the same everywhere in the South

Upper South (VA, NC, TN, & AR) – variety of crops including wheat, tobacco, vegetables and livestockCrops did not necessarily need slave labor

Lower South ( SC, GA, FL, AL, MS, LA, and TX) focused on cotton and sugar as cash cropsThese required a large amount of (slave) labor

Upper South + Lower South = New South

King Cotton

With more land comes more farmingWith more farming comes more cottonBy 1830s “King Cotton” was bornPossibly 50% of all farmers in the Lower South had no slaves

Major plantations did require slaves however

1860 – More acres of corn than cottonCorn used to feed livestock

Southern Connections

Upper & Lower South connected more than realized3/5 ClauseAbolition criticismInternal slave tradeEconomic benefit of slavery

North & South Slowly Split

Industry and urbanization consume the NorthThe South remains rural and dependent on agricultureSmaller factories existed in SouthSome slaves worked in factories – Which worried some slave owners

Education- Southern literacy rates lower and compulsory education nonexistant in the South Plantation children sometimes taught. Slaves not taught

Plantations

Early planters lived in small houses on the plantation

Later there are larger houses that are incredibly expensive

Debt a serious concernCreditors and changing prices of cotton

Plantation Life

Plantation life often very difficult on the women involved in itHouse management (especially in the west)

Multiracial children from slaves

Small Slaveholders & Yeomen Farmers

88% of all slave holders had less than 20 slaves

Small slaveholders worked side by side with the slaves

Small slaveholders in the area of the yeomen did not intend to necessarily become large planters

Yeomen farmers – non slave holding family farmers

Pine barrens

Pine barren people – people who would often squat on land and plant to surviveCrude farmsSmall cabins for housing

Often appeared poor in terms of items owned

Southern Conflict

Planters & urban industry – Whig PartyBankingEconomic protection

Yeomen farmers – Democrats Self-sufficiencyEconomic independence

Conflict over slavery

The Impending Crisis of the South- Hinton Helper Called on non slaveholders to end slavery

Non slaveholding Southerners – Did they simply agree with slavery but were unable to afford it?Social subordination aspect to slavery

Fear of effects of possible emanicipation

Proslavery argument

George Fitzhugh Comparison between Northern factory workers and Southern slaves – Claimed slaves were actually better off

Slaveholder was “humane” in the sense he/she cared for the slave..

Religious leaders in the South cite scripture and point to historical slavery

Open discussion on legitimacy of slavery silenced in the South

Southern Violence & Honor

Southern code of honor – sense of exaggerated prideDemonstrate superiority to prove they were not similar to slaves

ReputationDuels. – I told you they were real!

Some misunderstandings were taking care of before duels began

Others were often more violentTo many going to the law was viewed as cowardly

Life Under Slavery3 Main determining factors that determined quality of slaves lifeType of agricultureRural or urbanWhen they lived

Early 1700s – More women than men, different languages and cultures, new to slavery, small farms

1830s – Plantation culture, English speaking, more slavery family, equal number of genders

Slave Labor

Brutal work. Brutal punishments.Religious aspectVarious types of work ranging from field work to blacksmithsSlaves with skill were deemed to have a higher value

Slave LaborFamily structure was present but maintaining family ties was often extremely difficult

Inhumane conditions – slaves often experience cholera, dysentery, and diarrhea

Urban slaves had more freedomLess immigrants that needed jobsSlaves often not owned by factory owner Factory owner would have be forced to improve conditions to protect slave

Free Blacks & Slave Resistance

Some African Americans were NOT slavesMore likely to be in cities if in the SouthSome were highly successfulOften linked to slave revolts & suspicion

Denmark Vesey incidentSlave bought his freedomThreatened to seize weapons and provoke uprising

Underground RailroadHarriet Tubman

New Immigrants to the US

1815-1860 – 5 million immigrants enter the United States4.2 million between 1840-1860 3 million between 1845-1854

Huge expectations in the USAExpectations don’t meet realityPort cities in Europe in horrible shape

German Immigrants

1860 – There was no “Germany”Settled in areas of Northern Mississippi River, Ohio River, Illinois, Ohio, Wisconsin, and Missouri

Included a variety of religion (Catholics, Protestants, Jewish people, etc.)

Many were farmers and others were in tradeGerman immigrants form small towns that were rather self-sufficient

Levi Strauss – DENIM JEANS! AMERICA!

The Irish

Irish settle in Northern & New England citiesEarly Irish immigrants Protestant and later immigrants tended to be Catholic

Irish potato famine pushes many to leave Ireland and more elsewhere

Many Irish started in lower level employmentStereotypes? ..That are kind of true?

Irish competed directly with free African Americans in the North for jobs

Anti-Immigrant Sentiment

Nativism – ideology against immigrants

A number of negative actions taken against immigrants

New Irish Catholics help spur a Protestant backlashOrder of the Star-Spangled Banner (1854 – “Know Nothings”

Immigrant Politics

Most German and Irish immigrants were DemocratsWhigs were anti-slaveryViewed as the common man’s party (Jackson)

Whig’s education platform viewed as anti-German & anti-Irish

Whigs pro-temperance

The “Far” West

US population bulk to the east of Missouri, Arkansas, and Louisiana

Adams-Onis Treaty of 1818 – US and British joint control of Oregon CountryTemporary agreementSpain gives up claims to Oregon Country

1820 – Mexican IndependenceObtain all lands that were previously controlled by Spain

Western Trade

Americans trading with CaliforniaSanta Fe Trail – linking Santa Fe to St LouisIssues with MexicoPeso issuesTrade concerns

Fur trading

Into the West

California, Oregon, and New Mexico all popular destinations for Americans

A number of different trails lead into the westGuidebooks would help “guide” people along the way

Journey remained incredibly difficultDonner party resorted to cannibalism Really? – Yes.

From Spain to MexicoFall of Spanish mission system with Mexican independence

Mexico attracts American immigrants by offering empresarios (land grants) in Coahuila-Texas

1829 – Mexico ends slavery1830 – Mexico closes Texas border to American immigrantsMany immigrants were southern farmers w/ slaves

1834 - Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna (President of Mexico limits power of various Mexican areas Including Texas!

Texas Revolution

Tejanos – Native TexansModerate Texans like Stephen F. Austin support radicals after Santa Anna invades TexasTejanos retreat to the Alamo (modern day San Antonio Feb 1836)

Texas Revolution

March 2, 1836 – Texas declares independence from Mexico

March 6, 1836 – Alamo is taken over by Mexican forces

Sam Houston is chosen as the leader of Texan military forces

Huge Texan victory at San JacintoDefeat much of Santa Anna’s forcesCapture Santa AnnaSanta Anna forced to sign treaty to recognize Texas

More Whigs. More Problems.Election of 1840 – William Henry Harrison elected POTUSDies within a month of inauguration IF IT’S COLD WEAR A JACKET PEOPLE

John Tyler (VP) becomes POTUSFormer Democrat Uses veto power on a number of Whig bills

Webster-Ashburton Treaty- US border Maine & Canada

Tyler wants a second term....HOW? – Texas annexation

More Texas. More Problems.

Pres. Tyler starts propaganda campaign to convince America to annex Texas

Slavery existed in TexasNorthern abolitionists fear Texas is simply a ploy to extend slaverySome believe Texas could be multiple states Balance of power could be thrown off

Martin Van Buren AND Henry Clay come out against Texas annexation Could cause sectionalism!!!!!!

Election of 1844

Henry Clay – WhigChanges his mind on annexationFears of sectionalism

James K. Polk – DemocratSupporter of immediate annexation

Manifest Destiny

Manifest Destiny

Manifest Destiny – notion that the United States should possess all land in the North America John L. O’Sullivan

Religious aspectTrade routesRacism aspect“Uncivilized”

Polk & Oregon

President Polk expresses ideas that ALL of Oregon should be apart of the United StatesUse of force is a possibility

“54 40’ or Fight!”Compromise line of 1846Continues the Treaty of 1818 line

Origins of Mexican-American War

Texas became a serious issue in relations between US & Mexico

President Polk election sparks annexationPolk claims the Texas border is at the Rio Grande NOT the Nueces River River (previous border)

July 4, 1845 – Texas convention votes to accept annexation

General Zachary Taylor – Sent South of Nueces RiverSent to provoke Mexico

Origins of War

If US forces could provoke Mexico in Texas, then attack Mexico Ports of San Francisco and San Diego

Brief negotiations with MexicoUS wanted Texas annexation and payment to gain NM and Cali

Mexican forces cross Rio Grande and attack US troops“American blood has been shed on American soil”

Army vs. Army

United StatesExcellent generals and tacticsAdvancements in artilleryIssues with supply lines

Mexican ArmyOutnumber the US armyFighting on own landPrevious experience in Texas (Texas Revolution)

Mexican American War

General Taylor has early victories in Texas

President Polk fears Gen. Taylor will be a future Whig presidential candidatePolk gives half of Taylor forces to General Winfield Scott

Gen Taylor wins again at Battle of Buena Vista

California falls easily to the USJune 1846 –”Bear Flag Republic”

Endgame.

Gen. Winfield Scott leads the charge to capture Mexico City

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo – Feb 2 1848US pays Mexico $15 millionMexican cession – California, Nevada, Arizona New Mexico, part of Colorado, and part of Wyoming

Some angry that it did not include ALL of Mexico

Serious questions remain over slavery….

Wilmost Proviso

Wilmot Proviso – Democratic congressman David Wilmot proposes that slavery would be BANNED in all land gained from Mexico

People freak out!Remember the Missouri Compromise?!Was that even constitutional?

Election of 1848

Zachary Taylor – Whig PartyMartin Van Buren – Free Soil PartyLewis Cass- Democratic Party Taylor wins!

California Gold Rush

Tons of people flock to California in order to find goldNot everyone is nice….California grows rapidly

California & New Mexico Issue

War ends – 15 states had slavery 15 did not

Popular sovereignty – the concept that each state could vote for itself on the issue of slavery

President Taylor – California and New Mexico should apply as FREE STATESSouth panics and hates this notion

Compromise of 1850Meeting in Nashville, TN to avoid secessionHenry Clay, Daniel Webster, and John C. CalhounClay’s Compromise fails – goes against

Pres. TaylorStephen A. Douglas – US Senator from Illinois

Inserts popular sovereigntyCompromise of 1850

California – Free StateUtah & New Mexico Territories – Popular sovereignty

No slave trade in DCFugitive Slave Law

Fugitive Slave Law

Southerners could go into the North seeking runaway slaves

Slaves could not have trial by juryCourts

Receive $10 if ruled a slaveReceive $5 if ruled free

Fines and punishments for those who help slaves escape

Fugitive Slave Act

Northerners now experience the horrors of slavery1854 Boston mob attempts to free Anthony Burns

Pres. Fillmore uses federal troops to end mob and force Burns into slavery

Personal-liberty laws – laws aimed to limit the powers of the state in terms of stopping state officials from enforcing the law

Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852)

Novel by Harriet Beecher StoweShows the horrors of slavery to an audience that had not previously noticed

1852- 300,000 copies Stage performances of novel“So you’re the little lady that started this war..”

Election of 1852

Whig sectionalism – disagree on slavery Winfield Scott as Whig candidate

Endorses Compromise of 1850Hurts party because now they can’t blame Democrats

Democratic sectionalismFranklin PierceWhy him? – Because no one hated him

The Whigs are pretty much over.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Sen. Stephen A. Douglas – wants the railroad to the west to go through Chicago, IL

Proposes to create new territories of Kansas & NebraskaThe South would FREAK OUT if this happened…Losing the Pacific Railroad AND there would be more free territory

Douglass claims this would void the Missouri Compromise

Free-Soil Rebuttal

Free-soilers come out against K-N Act

It voids the Missouri Compromise, therefore possibly allowing slavery!

Slavery slowed process of whites because slaves would work for free and whites wouldn’t

Further Manifest Destiny

Gadsden Purchase – Purchase of land from Mexico intended for Southern railroad

Cuba? Ostend Manifesto – US justification for the US to buy Cuba

Why Cuba? – Land for slavery!Use force if necessaryDoesn’t really happen

The Know-Nothings

“I know nothing”Primary purpose was to remove immigrant and Catholic influence in the US

Surprising large amounts of pull for a few years

Rise of the Republican Party

Republicans rise after K-N Act and fall of Know-Nothings

Republicans against the Compromise of 1850Some wanted to continue to use the Missouri Compromise

Abolitionists and free-soilers Competing with Know-Nothings (anti-Catholic & pro-temperance

Avoids tariffs and banking (Controversial)

Kansas Gets Crazy

Many people move into Kansas following the K-N ActAbolitionists from New England & “Border Ruffians” from MissouriLecompton, KS – Proslavery groupTopeka, KS –Anti-slavery group

Bleeding KansasLawrence, KS – Anti-slavery forces were gaining weapons“Beecher’s Bibles”

Lawrence is taken over by Lecompton (proslavery) forces“Sack of Lawerence”

John Brown – abolitionist credited with responsibility of “Pottawatomie Massacre” of 5 Lecompton men

Popular Sovereignty fails!Pres. Pierce aligns himself with Lecompton gov’t

US gov’t aligned with slavery?!?!?!

Caning of Charles Sumner

Charles Sumner – Republican Sen. From MA“The Crime Against Kansas” SpeechCalls out Sen. Andrew Butler of SC “the harlot, slavery”

Preston Brooks – Representative from SC Relative to ButlerAttacks Sumner with cane and seriously injures Sumner

Republicans focus on attacking southern plantersDo not address morality of slavery

Election of 1856

Republicans – John C. FremontKnow Nothings – Millard FilmoreDemocrats – James Buchanan“Non-interference”

James Buchanan wins!Know Nothing Party has collapsed

Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857)

Dred Scott was a slave that was taken from Missouri (slave state) to Illinois & Wisconsin territory (free area)Northwest Ordinance of 1787Missouri Compromise (1820)

Scott was currently a slave again in MissouriRuling – Scott COULD NOT sue for freedom

No black (slave or free) could be a citizen in the United States

Missouri Compromise was unconstitutionalStates could not choose to allow slavery or not

Lecompton Constitution

Lecompton ConstitutionProtection to current slave holdersKS would vote on slavery

Pres. Buchanan is in favor of itAlienates northern DemocratsStephen Douglas (Dem) speaks out against Buchanan

Kansas votes down the constitutionStatehood delayed

Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 1858

US Senate - IllinoisStephen A. Douglas –Democrat

Current US SenatorPopular sovereigntyFreeport Doctrine- States could choose to simply refuse to give legal protection to slavery

Abraham Lincoln – Republican (Former Whig)“House Divided” Speech“I am not, nor ever have been in favor of bringing about the social and political equality of the white and black man”

Harpers Ferry

John Brown leads a raid at Harpers Ferry, VA on October 16,1859

Attempt to get federal arsenal and arm slaves

Brown tried and executedHero to the NorthTerrorist to the South

Election of 1860

Republican –Abraham LincolnSouth had right to have slavery BUT Congress must stop expansion

Northern Democrat – Stephen A. DouglasPopular sovereignty

Southern Democrat – John BreckinridgeProtection of slavery in territories

Constitutional Union – John BellPreservation of Union – No stance on slavery

LINCOLN WINS

Secession

SC, AL, MS, FL, GA, LA, & TX declare secessionConfederate States of AmericaSen. of Mississippi

Lincoln states in his inaugural address that he will NOT support amendment that would prohibit slavery in a stateHe isn’t going to end slavery…but not let it expand

VA, NC, TN, & AR reject secession

The Unity of Disunion & Union

The Upper South had closer ties to the North The Lower South would always have a market for cotton

Hinton Helper’s The Impending Crisis of the South

Lincoln believes the majority of the South is not in favor of secession

Crittenden (proposed) CompromiseFinancially support slaveholders with escape slaves

Reinstitute the Missouri Compromise

Fort Sumter

President Lincoln informs South Carolina that he intends to resupply Fort Sumter in harbor of Charleston, SC

April 12, 1861 – Confederate forces attack Fort Sumter

Lincoln calls for 75,000 troops to suppress Southern rebellion

VA, NC, AK, & TN all leave and join the Confederacy in response

WAR!

Mobilization for War US military small and spread out at start of war

Never issued a draftConfederate military very small and new

No tax structure, no navy, small gunpowder making capabilities, disconnected railroads, and lack of equipment

Large number of volunteers at start of warNumbers decrease as the war continues and more casualties occur

April 1862 – Confederacy uses draft (conscription)70-80% of qualifying white southerners served in Confederate Army

Mobilizing for War

Southern shortages for equipment and suppliesFood, uniforms, shoes, and weapons

1863 – Confederate Congress - Impressment ActTake food from farmers at predetermined prices

Impress slaves into the army1863 – US Congress – Enrollment Act

Paying for the War

USA & CSA both sell war bonds to raise moneyTaxes uncommon

US – Legal tender ActAllows US government to issue paper money – “green backs”

Confederate inflation caused by the South printing too much money (CSA $1 in 1861 cost $46 in 1864)

Political Leaders Abraham Lincoln – POTUS

Cautious in actionsCommunication with both sides of Republican PartyBrings critics into cabinetCriticized by Radical Republicans (Salmon Chase, Charles Sumner, & Thaddeus Stevens)

Jefferson Davis – President of Confederate States of AmericaDavis – Independence of CSAConstant struggle with Alexander Stephens (CSA VP) – Values states rights & slavery

Issues controlling Southern politics

Lincoln’s Border Control

Lincoln suspends habeas corpus in MD and DEPeople can be arrested WITHOUT proof of committing a crime

MD & DE stay with UnionLincoln protects Kentucky

Kentucky originally neutralStations Gen. Grant near Kentucky in case CSA invades

Missouri stays with UnionWest Virginia formed from Virginia

Refused to secede

Advantages, Tactics, & Tech

North had a large number of advantages (pg. 438)

New technology including submarines, repeating rifle, Gatling gun, and rifled barrels

Rifles – they work great now!!Rifling – grooves inside of a barrel to make the projectile (minie ball) in a straight shot

Increased accuracy of rifles leads to more trenches in battle

Anaconda Plan

Created by Gen. Winfield Scott

Blockade of Southern ports by navy

Invasion of Mississippi

Early Battles1st Bull Run – Confederate Victory in Northern VA (USA) Gen. McClellan takes over for Gen. McDowell

Gen. McClellan starts Peninsula Campaign to attack South & Richmond, VA

Richmond, VA is protected by the SouthMcClellan pulled back by Lincoln

Antietam – Stops Lee’s push North

“Cotton Diplomacy”

South warns Britain and France of a cotton embargoPossible economic damage

Britain & France DO NOT formally recognize CSATrent IncidentShip issues

Emancipation & Change

Radical Republicans want Lincoln to push abolition – He refuses. (Quote on pg. 447)

1861 – Union – Confiscation Act (first)USA confiscation of all property used in military rebellion

Slaves were not free1862 – Union – Confiscation Act (second)

Confiscation of propertySlaves that were “confiscated” were now free!!African American soldiers in Union army

Emancipation & Change

Emancipation Proclamation – Jan. 1, 1863Comes after Antietam (Union victory)Ended slavery in states OF REBELLIONExempted Union slave statesExempted Confederate states under USA control (TN, WV, southern LA, and parts of VA)

DID NOT PERMANENTLY END SLAVERY IN THE UNITED STATES

After the Emancipation Proclamation, the Union was fighting to end slavery

Proclamation also pushes away European involvement in the war

Freedmen’s Bureau

Established towards the end of the war to help the well being, education, and employment of further slaves

40 acres of land could be leased to freed slave or southern UnionistPotential to buy after 3 years

African American Soldiers

Some Union resentment of African American soldiers

Less likely to be on the front linesAfrican American soldiers more likely to die than whitesDisease spread in barracks rapidly

Most famous was 54th Massachusetts RegimentGlory

African American soldiers guaranteed freedom in 1864 if they fought for CSA

Shifting Tides of WarMay 1863 – Chancellorsville, VA– Confederate victory

CSA General Stonewall Jackson diesGen. Lee (CSA) invades the North in need of supplies

Also an attempt to get US forces out of the western area of war Wanted a victory on northern soil to demonstrate that the CSA

should be recognized by Europe July 1-4, 1863 – Gettysburg, PA – Union Victory

50,000 dead Lee retreats into Virginia Gettysburg Address

Shifting Tides of WarVicksburg, MS falls to Union on July 4, 1863

Union now controls Mississippi RiverAnaconda Plan

Union victories at Gettysburg & Vicksburg

The War Economies - USA

Most industries made huge gains from the war

Railroads help link factories to the front lines

United States Military Railroads Pacific Railroad Act -1862

Development of transcontinental railroadUnion Pacific and Central Railroad Corp.

The War Economies - USA

High tariffs and taxes hurt lower classes in the USA

Homestead Act – 1862160 acres of public land for “free” if they settled on the land for 5 years

Encourages westward expansion’Morrill Land Grant Act – 1862

Public lands given for the use of public universities

The War Economies - USA

High tariffs and taxes hurt lower classes in the USA

Homestead Act – 1862160 acres of public land for “free” if they settled on the land for 5 years

Encourages westward expansion’Morrill Land Grant Act – 1862

Public lands given for the use of public universities

The War Economies - CSA

Southern industry actually increases out of necessity

Union controls Upper South – Where most of the food was grownFood shortages lead to riots

1864 – Half of all Confederate soldiers were missing from units (farm issues)

Southern states actually bought food from the North…

Other Stuff

NYC Draft RiotsUnited States Sanitary CommissionWoman’s National Loyal League

Eastern Theater – 1864U.S. Grant is promoted to the rank of lieutenant general

Grant has a number of battles directly with Lee and other Confederate forces

Grant become famous for his will to attackLoses 7,000 men in a SINGLE HOUR at Cold Harbor

Lincoln and Grant agree that an attacking army would be necessary for victory

Atlanta would fall

Election of 1864

Pres. Lincoln receives the Republican nomination againSouthern Unionist Andrew Johnson VP

Democrats are furious with Lincoln over Emancipation ProclamationClaim that abolition was not necessary in many cases

Nominate George McClellanLincoln wins!

Reelection aided by the fall of Atlanta

Sherman’s March

William T. Sherman – USA – general in the South

Atlanta falls is burned after it falls to Union forces

Sherman’s famous march to sea From Atlanta to Savannah,

GA Intention for mass

destruction to force the South to lose the will to fight

Mass destruction (Ex: “Sherman neckties”)

Advances into SC and VA

Endgame.

Lee eventually surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Court House, VA on April 9, 1865Lee surrounded Major end to combat although some surrendered later

No treaty signed.Grant allows Lee’s men to return home

Lincoln Assassination

April 14, 1865 – Lincoln assassinated at Ford’s Theater John Wilkes Booth

Assassination plot also goes after others

Andrew Johnson becomes President

Lincoln’s PlanDec. 1863 – Proclamation of Amnesty & ReconstructionSouthern states to rejoin if 10% of population take an oath of allegiance to Union and accept emancipation

This group would make loyal state gov’tNo African American suffrage

Confederate officials and military officers would apply for pardons

July 1864 - Wade-Davis bill Military governor Half declare allegiance

Johnson ReconstructionPres. Johnson previously served as US Senator and military governor of Tennessee

Johnson against planter aristocracyFormer owner of slaves, Johnson accepts emancipation as a policy when it is handed down

Johnson PolicyAdmit states – after they declare secession illegalStates ratify the 13th Amendment (ending slavery)Wealthy Southerners, CSA officers, and CSA officials not allowed Would need a presidential pardon

“Black Codes”

Those 7 states admitted wanted to restrict African Americans

Radical Republicans are furious!Codes established:

Segregation in public Interracial marriageCourt testimony by African Americans

Not all came to be put still serious issue

President Johnson vs. Congress

President Johnson angers Radical RepublicansJohnson vetos Freedmen’s Bureau Act

Civil Rights Act of 1866African Americans have same civil rights as others and guarantee equal protection under the law

Vetoed by Johnson…override by CongressCongress overrides the Supplementary Freedmen’s Bureau Act

14th Amendment

Declares that citizens born or naturalized in the US are citizens (including African Americans)

No denial of rights of due processIf a state denies African American MALES the right to vote, Congress can cut their representation

Amendment disqualified any prewar office holders who supported Confederacy from gov’tUnless congress removes it for them

Reconstruction Act of 1867

Law vetoed by Johnson and then overridden by Congress

Invalidated previous state governments created under Lincoln and Johnson

Military districts in the SouthStates must have:

State convention to create new state constitutionState legislature approves 14th AmendmentUS Congress would readmit states to Union

More radical than Johnson OR Lincoln’s Plan

Impeachment Crisis

Tenure of Office Act – President could not remove cabinet member without approval of Congress…

Johnson removes Sec. Of War Edwin Stanton anyway..Appoints Grant but Grant later resigns

Johnson tried for impeachment but IS NOT impeached…

…But his time as a President would not continue much longer

15th Amendment

Proposed to prohibit the denial of suffrage by states

DID NOT restrict office holding rules DID NOT restrict voting restrictions

Literacy testsProperty requirements

Women upset because “male” mentioned in 15th Amendment

Reconstruction South

“Carpetbaggers” – Northerners who came to the South looking to gain wealth and power“Scalawags” – Southerners who sought to profit from Republican rule in the South