Unit 4 The Integumentary System - Badger Anatomy &...

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1 Unit 4 The Integumentary System I. Classification of Body Membranes A. Epithelial Membranes ﴾3﴿ 1. Cutaneous membrane > Stratified Squamous > Sits on Dense Connective Tissue > Skin: Dermis & Epidermis > Dry Membrane 2. Mucus Membrane > Epithelial Cell type varies > Sits on Loose Connective Tissue > Lines all body cavities that open to exterior > Wet & Moist Membrane 3. Serous Membrane > Simple Squamous > Sits on Areolar Connective Tissue > Lines body cavities closed to exterior > Found in pairs parietal layer: lines body cavity visceral layer: covers outside of organ *Layers are separated by Serous Fluid PeritoneumAbdominal PericardiumHeart PleuraLungs Visceral Pleura Parietal Pleura Serosae

Transcript of Unit 4 The Integumentary System - Badger Anatomy &...

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Unit 4The Integumentary 

System

I. Classification of Body MembranesA. Epithelial Membranes ﴾3﴿

1. Cutaneous membrane> Stratified Squamous> Sits on Dense Connective Tissue> Skin: Dermis & Epidermis> Dry Membrane

2. Mucus Membrane > Epithelial Cell type varies> Sits on Loose Connective Tissue> Lines all body cavities that open to exterior> Wet & Moist Membrane

3. Serous Membrane > Simple Squamous> Sits on Areolar Connective Tissue> Lines body cavities closed to exterior> Found in pairs– parietal layer: lines body cavity– visceral layer: covers outside of organ

*Layers are separated by Serous Fluid

Peritoneum­AbdominalPericardium­HeartPleura­Lungs Visceral PleuraParietal Pleura

Serosae

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1. Synovial membrane> Surrounds joints> Provides smooth surface> Secretes lubricating fluid

– reduces friction

B. Connective Tissue Membranes ﴾1﴿

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A. Structure of the Skin1. Epidermis

• New every 35­45 days• Avascular• Cell Types: 

> Keratinocytes> Melanocytes> Dendritic> Tactile

• Stratified Squamous epithelium with ability to Keratinize & "Waterproof"> hardening & drying out of cells through production of Keratin> "Waterproof" ­ from glycolipid produced that coats cells

> Stratum Corneum: outermost layer– 20­30 layers of Keratinized dead cells

> Stratum Lucidum> Stratum Granulosum> Stratum Spinosum

> Stratum Germinativum: Deepest layer of epidermis– area of cell division– also known as stratum basale

nourishment via diffusion from dermis

- produce Keratin- produce Melanin

- defense- sensory reception

II. Cutaneous Membrane ﴾skin﴿

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1. Epidermis ­ cont'd

• Production of Melanin> by Melanocytes found in S. Germinativum

> What happens when skin is exposed to sunlight?– Melanocytes are stimulated to make more melanin

– Melanin phagocytized by Kertinocytes

– Natural "Sunscreen"« Melanin creates shield/umbrella over underlying 

nucleus« prevents DNA mutations from UV rays

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2. Dermis "hide"

• Composed of mostly Dense Connective Tissue• Split into two regions:

> Papillary: upper dermal region ﴾dermal papillae﴿– Aerolar Connective Tissue– Provide nutrients to epidermis ﴾blood vessels﴿– House pain receptors– Phagocytes– Creates patterns: "finger prints" 

> Reticular: deepest dermal layer– Composed of collagen & elastic fibers ﴾Dense Irregular﴿– Houses blood vessels ﴾vascularized﴿– Houses sweat & oil glands– Phagocytes 

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• Protection From:> Mechanical, Chemical, Thermal Damage

– S. corneum ﴾like "bricks & mortar"﴿« multiple layers of dead keratinized cells = bricks« glycolipids  = mortar 

> Bacterial Damage– low pH– chemicals in sweat & oil– dendritic cells ﴾epidermis﴿ & macrophages ﴾dermis﴿ 

> Ultraviolet Radiation– melanin = natural sunscreen  

> Dessication ﴾drying out﴿– glycolipids = waterproof barrier

• Aids in temperature regulation

• Excretion

• Vitamin D synthesis

B. General Functions

C. Skin Color• Determined by...

> Amount & Type of Melanin

> Amount of Carotene deposited in the S. Corneum

> Amount of O2 bound to Hemoglobin in dermal blood vessels

• Homeostatic Imbalances:> Cyanosis

> Jaundice

> Anemia

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III. Accessory StructuresA. Glands

1. Sebaceous Glands ﴾oil﴿• Found all over body except palms & soles• Most are open to hair follicle• Secretes sebum (grease)

> Prevents hair from becoming brittle> Chemicals that kill bacteria

• If gland is blocked, sebum backs up => Whitehead

2. Sweat Glands• Eccrine Gland

> found all over body> secretes H2O, salts, & little urea> functions:  helps regulate body temperature & 

excretion

• Apocrine Gland> found in axillary (           ) & pubic (           ) regions> secretes everything eccrine does + f.a. & proteins> unknown function> odorless

– Bacteria who utilize fatty acids & proteins are not!!

B. Hair

C. Nails

• Made of protein (hard Keratin)• Protects eyes & respiratory tract• Produced by hair follicle

> Root ­ is in follicle> Shaft (dead tissue) ­ is above skin 

• Arrector Pili Muscle> Connects hair follicle to dermis> When cold, this contracts and stands hair upright... 

• Scale­like modifications of the skin

• Colorless• Appears pink because dermis (rich in blood vessels) lies just below 

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