Unit 4: Structure and functions of the federal government
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Transcript of Unit 4: Structure and functions of the federal government
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UNIT 4: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF THE
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
Chapter 7: The Executive Branch
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CONTENT STATEMENTSLaw and public policy are created and implemented by three
branches of government; each functions with its own set of powers and responsibilities.
The political process creates a dynamic interaction among the three branches of government in addressing current issues.
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What are three qualities that make a good leader?
What are some examples of good leaders?
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THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH
Section 1: The Presidential Office
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Presidential vocabulary Executive
Having the power to put plans, actions, or laws into effect.
Bureaucracy A system of government in which most of the
important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives
Administration The process or activity of running a business,
organization, etc.
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Roles of The
President
Chief Executive
Commander in Chief
Head of State
Party Leader
Chief Agenda Setter
Foreign Policy
Director
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Roles of the President Chief Executive—carries out the nation’s laws Commander in Chief—leader of the nation’s
armed forces Chief Agenda Setter
State of the Union Address Budget proposal
Representative on the Nation Chief of State—symbolizes the US and its
people Foreign Policy Leader—our plans for dealing
with other countries Party Leader
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QUALIFICATIONS TO BE PRESIDENT
Native Born
Citizen
Reside In US for 14
years
Must be at least
35
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TERMS AND LIMITS OF PRESIDENT
4 Year Term 2 term limit
A president can serve a total of ten years… how is that possible?
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“It’s good to be President” $ 400,000/ year Salary $50,000/ year expense allowance White House & Camp David “The Beast”, Marine One, Air Force One
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AIR FORCE ONE
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DISCUSS… Does the President make too much ?
Median Income in U.S. Home $50,000 Fortune 500 CEO’s $10,600,000
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Order of successionPresident Vice
PresidentSpeaker of the House
President Pro Temp
Secretary of State
Secretary of Treasury
Secretary of Defense
Attorney General
Secretary of the Interior
Secretary of Agriculture
…
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THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH
Section 2: Presidential Powers
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Power of the Presidency Executive Powers Diplomatic Powers Judicial Powers Legislative Powers
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Executive Powers
Execute Laws• Executive orders- A
regulation made by the president that has the effect of law
Appoint Officials• Ambassadors• Supreme Court
Justices• Executive Depts
& Agencies
Executive Privilege• Executive branch
“confidential information” • The privilege, claimed by
the president for the executive branch of the US Government, of withholding information in the public interest
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Recognize other nations
Committing troops
Diplomatic Powers
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Judicial Powers
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Legislative Powers
Veto—pres can veto law passed by
CongressRecommend Legislation Lobbying
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Growth of Presidential Power
Presidential power has increased over time, mostly because of the men who have held the office
Do you think the President has too much power? Why or why not?
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THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH
Section 3: Presidential Nomination and Election
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How do we nominate presidential candidates?
Framers did not set a means for nominating presidential candidates, only for electing the President and VP
Nomination procedures have changed over time 1800’s—Congressional caucuses were used Later, national conventions used to nominate
Presidential primaries Choosing delegates for the conventions Show voter preference Some states use caucuses instead of primaries These are held early in the year
Most weak candidates are eliminated Most nominees are known before the convention
National Nomination Convention Speeches Adoption of a party platform State roll call of votes for the candidates Candidate who wins the nomination then campaigns for several
months before the general election is held
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The Electoral College Actually chooses the president and VP Each state has electoral votes = to number in
Congress Popular vote in each state determines who the
electors will vote for 3 criticisms of electoral college
Candidate can win election and lose popular vote A state’s electoral votes do not have to reflect its
popular vote A strong bid by a third-party or independent candidate
could mean that neither major-party candidate receives the majority of the electoral votes, throwing the election into the House of Representatives
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2008 Electoral Votes
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2012 Electoral Votes
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ELECTORAL COLLEGE WEBPAGE
http://www.archives.gov/federal-register/electoral-college/about.html
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THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH
Section 4: Executive Office of the President and the Cabinet
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THERE ARE 2 PARTS TO THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH:
1. Executive Office of the President 2. The Cabinet
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Executive Office of the President
1. White House Office Before Civil War
No help Presidents paid for help out of own pocket
Today Large office staff President picks—no Senate approval Chief of Staff is leader
Controls access to the President Advisors
National security Domestic policy Speechwriters How to deal with Congress Press secretary Deal with mail
20,000 letters/week Thousands of emails
Many, many others
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Executive Office of the President
2. National Security Council Set up in 1947
Improve coordination among gov depts. That deal w/ national security issues (CIA, FBI, State Dept)
National Security Advisor is head Sometimes travel to other countries to negotiate
3. Office of Management and Budget Executive branch agencies submit budgets to the
OMB Helps Pres. prepare budgets
4. Council of Economic Advisors Set up in 1946
Econ advise to President
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Executive Office of the President
5. National Economic Council Set up in 1993 (Clinton)
Monitor and advise the Pres on US trade and industrial technology
6. The Vice President Constitution
Lead the Senate Take over if President can’t perform duties
Today—move involved Help agencies run more smoothly Many more important duties
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II. The Cabinet 15 departments that assist the president in
carrying out the work of the executive branch Heads are called secretaries (Exception:
Attorney General) Early days—president relied heavily on
Cabinet for advice Today—not as much because of White House
staff Pres does not need full Cabinet meetings Each deal with specific area
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Cabinet Dept. of Agriculture Dep. of Interior Dept. of Commerce Dept. of Justice Dept. of Defense Dept. of Labor Dept. of Education Dept. of State Dept. of Energy Dept. of Transportation Dept. of Health and Human Services Dept. of the Treasury Dept. of Housing and Urban Development Dept. of Veteran Affairs Dept. of Homeland Security
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Cabinet website
http://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/cabinet