Unit 4: Revolutions ofDemocracy

FOQs

• FOQ #1: Did the English Civil War help or hurtDemocracy? Explain.

• FOQ #2: What were the causes of the AmericanRevolutionary War? How did it end?

• FOQ #3: What were the main reasons for the FrenchRevolution?

• FOQ #4: What Enlightenment ideas inspired therevolutions discussed this unit?

Textbook Help

• The textbook has a ton of stuff that can help you betterunderstand the Unit 4 FOQs

• English Civil War, 17.3 on pages 421-426

• American Revolution, 18.4 on pages 460-463

• French Revolution, 19.1-19.3 on pages 466-483

Review

• The Scientific Revolution in Europe started in 1500

• During that time, many new and exciting discoveries werebrought to the world.

• Besides science, the ideas of an organized universe and thescientific method of thinking inspired Europeanphilosophers.

• Philosophers such as John Locke, Baron de Montesquieu,Voltaire, and Mary Wollstonecraft wrote aboutgovernment, human rights, and individual freedoms.

• These ideas led to huge changes in Europe…

Governments in Europe

Throughout Europe, the most common type ofgovernment was a monarchy.

A monarchy is another name for government led bya king or a queen.When a monarch (king or queen) has total control ofhis/her country, they’re called an absolutemonarch.When they share power with an elected group ofmen (like Parliament), they are called a limitedmonarch.

When a limited monarch must obey a set ofwritten laws, they are called a constitutionalmonarch.

Activity #1

• With a reading partner, read “Setting the Scene” on page421.

• Next, Copy and answer the following prompt in yournotes: Give your opinion why you think there will beconflict between parliament and King James I.

• Remember, it’s your opinion.

James I rising to theheavens as angelsprepare to crown himking. A “god chosen”king is called a divineright king

-Peter Paul Rubens

Problems with the King

An absolute monarch in England named JamesI ruled England with very harsh rule. Hebelieved that god chose him and that no mancould question his right to rule.One area that James I couldn’t control and thatwas the English treasury.

A group of elected men controlled thetreasury of England…They were calledParliament.

This situation caused a great deal of stressbetween James and Parliament.When James died, his son Charles I took overand was just like his dad.

More Problems with theKing

Help!!

Charles I needed money to raise an army to fightthreatened invasions from Scotland and Ireland.He asked Parliament for new taxes to raisemoney for the fight and in return they wantedCharles to give up more of his power.

Parliament wanted protections from randomarrest and imprisonment as sometimes theking would lock up his enemies. It wascalled the Petition of Right.

Charles I refused and decided to create taxes onhis own, ignoring Parliament. This leads to war!

FOQ #1:: Did the English Civil Warhelp or hurt Democracy? Explain.

The English Civil War sawincreased use of firearms.

The English Civil Warwas fought betweenParliament (RoundHeads) and Charles I(Cavaliers).

Oliver Cromwell was thehero of the English civil war

The English Civil War wasbetween the EnglishParliament and King Charles I.Each side had an army. TheRound Heads and CavaliersThey fought over how muchpower the king would have.Parliament won the war andfor a while there was no king.Oliver Cromwell was theleader of England and wassupported by Parliament.

The Restoration of themonarchy

When Cromwell died, the Englishpeople wanted a king back.Charles I son, Charles II was askedby Parliament to be the king andaccept limited powers…Charles IIagreed…This was called theRestoration.Charles II wasn’t interested inabsolute power. He loved parties,entertaining, and discussing scienceand Enlightenment philosophy.The power that Charles II gave upwent to Parliament.

The Glorious Revolution

When Charles II died, his brotherJames II came to power.James II wanted to get back the powerthat Charles II lost to Parliament.James II was a disaster, so Parliamentcalled on Mary (James II’s daughter)and her husband William of Orange torule as constitutional monarchs. Thisgave most of the ruling power toParliament. This was called the“Glorious Revolution.” BothWilliam and Mary agreed to followlaws called the English Bill of Rights.All future monarchs and parliamentagreed to follow those laws.The Magna Carta and the Bill ofRights became the EnglishConstitution.

Homework #1

• Work together in your reading pairs.

• Read all of “The Struggle Between King and Parliament”on page 425, studying all the parts.

• Copy the timeline into your notes

• Then copy and answer all the questions in the “SkillsAssessment” box at the bottom of the page.

• Remember that this activity is all about understandingthat England wanted a king to rule with limited powers.

• Finish as homework if needed.

FOQ #2: What were the causes of theAmerican Revolutionary War? How did it

end?

A political cartoonwritten by BenFranklin

The Bill ofRights and theConstitution

Things were good

The original British colonies inNorth America first established inthe 1600’s grew very successfuland it people very rich.By the 1700’s the colonies hadgrown and were represented by adiverse religious and ethnicgroups.The colonies were left alone andbecame very independent

Things were bad

After the French and Indian War,Britain and King George III demandedthat its colonies help pay for the warcost through taxes. “No taxationwithout representation.”The colonial resentment caused manyclashes between the colonies and GreatBritain. See the Boston Massacre andBoston Tea Party.As anger and taxes increased,representatives from all 13 colonies metand declared their independence.

A call for independence

The Declaration of Independence wasinspired by John Locke’s ideas. Seepage 461.

The war forindependence

The colonists joined with theFrench and fought against theBritish army.It was a difficult and bloodywar, but the Continental Armywon.

The United States is born

A new government was formed and aconstitution written.The United States of America wasborn.See “A New Constitution” on page462-463 to discover how else theEnlightenment philosophers inspireda new nation.

FOQ #3: What were the mainreasons for the French Revolution?

The American Revolutioninspired many French people

The French hated the Englishbecause they were powerfulcompetitors.The French helped thecolonists against the Englishduring the Revolution.This cost France a lot ofmoney.After the revolution, Frenchsoldiers went back to Franceand shared their stories.

The French economy wasbroke!

The American Revolution costFrance a lot of money.The Louis XVI and his wife MarieAntoinette spent tons of money oftheir lifestyle including their home.Bad weather destroyed cropswhich France needed to feed itpeople.France was in trouble!!

The majority of men andwomen in France were mad!

French society was divided into 3parts called estates.The first and second estates werethe very rich. The third waseveryone else.The third estate were peasants,artisans, and professionals.To pay for everything, the thirdestate was the only part of societyto pay taxes.When the king wanted to raisetaxes even higher, members of thethird estate had enough andwanted to make things fair.

Activity #2

• Work with your reading partner.

• Go to page 469-470 and read about the Third Estate.

• Next look at the picture and chart on page 469.

• Choose (3) colored pens and copy the chart into yournotes

• Lastly, copy and answer the question above the chart onpage 469.

Many of these angryFrench turned to violence!

At a meeting of the estates,representatives from the third estatewalked out and decided that aconstitution was needed.The their Declaration of the Rights ofMan and Citizen, and the Constitution,the third estate wanted the rich to paytheir fair share of taxes.The king rejected this at first and therewas great violence in Paris and in thecountryside.Finally the king agreed to a more fairsystem of taxes.

French revolutionaries were inspired bythe philosophers

The Declaration of the Rights of Man andCitizen demanded natural rights talked about byJohn Locke.The Constitution of 1791 protected those rights.French revolutionaries also demanded that thegovernment change and that power be shared likein the writings of Montesquieu.Also, revolutionaries wanted freedom of speechlike Voltaire talked about.These were the things that the Frenchrevolutionaries were fighting for.At first, Louis XVI agreed but then was called atraitor.Louis was executed in 1792 and the revolutioncontinued. Check out 478-479 to learn more.

FOQ #4: What Enlightenment ideas inspiredthe revolutions from this unit?

Locke Montesquieu Voltaire Wollstonecraft

Homework #2: Review the entire unit PowerPoint and

identify ideas of the philosophers that were part of the revolutions.Come up with as many examples as you can.