Unit 4 – Organization of Life

Life ScienceSpring 2013-14

Unit 4 – Body Systems: Standards

•S7L2d: Explain that tissues, organs, and organ systems serve the needs cells have for oxygen, food, and waste removal.

•S7L2e: Explain the purpose of the major organ systems in the human body (i.e., digestion, respiration, reproduction, circulation, excretion, movement, control and coordination, and for protection from disease).

•Student Learning Map▫TOPIC: Organization of Life

▫KEY LEARNING: The human body is composed of major systems that have differing functions, but all of the systems work together.

▫UNIT ESSENTIAL QUESTION: How do the major body systems have different functions yet still work together?

Unit 4 - Organization of Life

•Student Learning Map▫CONCEPT #1: Functions of body systems

▫LESSON ESSENTIAL QUESTION(S): 1. What is the function of each body system?2. What are the major organs in each body

system?

▫VOCABULARY: homeostasis, digestive, excretory, cardiovascular, respiratory, skeletal, muscular, endocrine, nervous, reproductive, lymphatic

Unit 4 – Organization of Life

Unit 4 – Organization of Life/Body systems

•HOMEOSTASIS: the maintenance of a constant and stable internal state in a changing environment.

•Example: Your body getting used to the cold water after jumping into a lake.

•Your body must maintain homeostasis in order for cells to get the nutrients and oxygen it needs.

Unit 4 – Digestive System• FUNCTION:

▫Breaks down food so that it can be used by the body▫Works closely with the cardiovascular and excretory

systems.▫Mechanical dig: where food goes(mouth>anus)▫Chemical digestion: food doesn’t go.

• ORGANS:▫Stomach, gallbladder, liver, pancreas, small intestine

• DISEASES/DISORDERS▫Diabetes Gallstones▫Tooth disease Ulcers

Travel Pattern-Flow of Food:▫ Mouth-Esophagus-Stomach-Sm. Int.-Lg. Int.-Rectum-Anus

Unit 4 – Cardiovascular System(Also called circulatory system)

•FUNCTION:▫Circulates blood through the body▫Helps the body maintain homeostasis

•ORGANS:▫Cardio= Heart, Vascular= blood vessels

(capillary, artery –blood away from heart, and veins-blood to heart)

•DISEASES/DISORDER▫Atherosclerosis (heart disease)▫High blood pressure▫Heart attack

Unit 4 – Blood•FUNCTION:

▫Is a connective tissue▫Carries oxygen and nutrients▫Average adult human has about 5L of blood

•PARTS:▫Red blood cells – carries oxygen▫White blood cells – fights pathogens (virus,

bacteria, infection, etc.)▫Plasma - fluid part▫Platelets – found in bone marrow; helps blood to

clot▫Travel Pattern – Blood:▫Veins-RA-RV-PV-LA-LV-Aorta-Arteries (p.607)

Unit 4 – Respiratory System•FUNCTION:

▫Take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide gases

▫Works with cardiovascular & nervous system to get oxygen to the cells

•ORGANS:▫Lungs, alveoli (gas sacs)

•DISEASES/DISORDERS▫Asthma Influenza▫Bronchitis Lung cancerTravel Flow of Air & Carbon Dioxide:Nose-Mouth-Throat-Windpipe-Bronchial tubes-Lungs.

Unit 4 – Nervous System•FUNCTION:

▫Takes in and responds to information▫Two parts:

Central nervous system (brain and spinal cord)

Peripheral nervous system•ORGANS:

▫Brain, spinal cord•DISEASES/DISORDERS

▫Spinal cord injuries▫Degenerative disk disease▫Concussion

Unit 4 – Skeletal System•FUNCTION:

▫Helps support and protect your organs & body▫Helps muscles to cause movement▫Some bones make blood cells▫Human body has 206 bones▫Provides structure

•ORGANS:▫Bones

•DISEASES/DISORDERS▫Osteoporosis▫Bone cancer▫Any type of fracture

Unit 4 – Muscular System•FUNCTION:

▫Controls movement▫Supported by the skeletal system▫Works with the circulatory/cardio system during exercise

•ORGANS:▫Smooth, cardiac and ▫skeletal muscle

• DISEASES/DISORDERS▫Any tear or strain▫Muscular dystrophy

Unit 4 – Integumentary System

•FUNCTION:▫Covers your body and helps to protect it

▫Helps rid body of waste (via sweat)•PARTS/ORGANS:

▫Hair, Nails, Skin -> sweat glands•DISEASES/DISORDERS

▫Skin cancer▫Eczema▫Psoriasis

Unit 4 – Excretory System•FUNCTION:

▫Get rid of wastes (includes urine, feces, sweat and carbon dioxide).

▫Similar to custodial/clean up•ORGANS:

▫Kidney, liver, large intestine, colon, rectum, skin

•DISEASES/DISORDERS▫Bladder cancer▫Urinary tract infection▫Kidney stones

Unit 4 – Lymphatic System•FUNCTION:

▫Collects excess fluid and returns it to the blood

▫Helps the body fight pathogens (immunity)•ORGANS:

▫Spleen, lymph node, tonsils, appendix•DISEASES/DISORDERS

▫Leukemia▫Allergies▫ arthritis▫Cancer▫AIDS

Unit 4 –Immune System•FUNCTION: Cells and tissues responsible for fighting infections,

disease, and foreign substances. Works with the lymphatic system•PARTS/Organs:

B Cell (White blood cells)- Produce Antibodies (proteins) T Cell (in Thymus gland)–Attack Infected CellsMacrophage cell- digest pathogens (viruses) & activate T cellsPlatelets-Helps blood clot (found in bone marrow)

•DISEASES/DISORDERS Aids (Infects T cells & reproduces) Allergies Rheumatoid Arthritis- attack joints Cancer

Unit 4 – Endocrine System•FUNCTION:

▫Regulates growth, reproduction & controls homeostasis (internal stability) using hormone chemicals made by glands and cells.

▫Examples: reproduction or cell division•ORGANS:

▫Pancreas, pituitary, thyroid, adrenal gland•DISEASES/DISORDERS

▫Stunted growth/reproduction▫Diabetes mellitus▫Hyperthyroidism/Hypothyroidism▫Chapter 25 (p. 671)

Unit 4 – Reproductive System

•FUNCTION:▫Male sex cell is the sperm▫Female sex cell is the egg▫Produce offspring (continue the species)▫Some protists (like paramecium) are one-celled & produce sexually or asexually (alone) using cilia structures for movement.

•ORGANS:▫Ovary, testes, or nuclei (paramecium)• DISEASES/DISORDERS: Aids• Chapter 26 -more detail during Unit 5.

Unit 4 – Body Systems•Tanya went to a restaurant and ate a hamburger. Describe how Tanya used five organ systems to eat and digest her hamburger.

Unit 4 – Body Systems

•Dr. Charles Blagden spent 45 minutes in a room with an uncooked steak. The temperature in the room measured 126°C (260°F). What do you think happened to Dr. Blagden and the steak? Explain your answer.

•Student Learning Map▫CONCEPT #2: Relationship between

systems

▫LESSON ESSENTIAL QUESTION(S): 1. Which body systems work together

(closely)?2. How does cell division apply to the body

systems?

▫VOCABULARY: cell division

Unit 4 – Organization of Life

Body Systems – Real World Connections

•Major health concerns for young adults (not in any order).

1. Drug abuse2. Smoking3. Stress4. Teen pregnancy5. Child abuse and neglect6. Alcohol abuse/binge drinking7. Vehicular accidents8. Obesity9. Lack of exercise

Body Systems – Real World Connections

•In your group, discuss the health concern and:▫Identify body systems connected to the concern

▫Explain how the body system would be affected

▫List ways to positively address the concern

Body Systems – Real World Connections

•Websites•http://www.innerbody.com/image/cardov.html

•Referenced Images:https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1366&bih=673&q=digestive+system+diagram&oq=Digestive+system&gs_l=img.1.1.0l10.3914.7372.0.13713.16.8.0.8.8.0.129.607.6j2.8.0....0...1ac.1.32.img..0.16.656.T9hwa6LBsvM#imgdii=_