unit 4 notes - Mr. Gillett's Website · 2018-09-09 · unit 4 notes 5 April 07, 2016 2. Calculating...
Transcript of unit 4 notes - Mr. Gillett's Website · 2018-09-09 · unit 4 notes 5 April 07, 2016 2. Calculating...
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UNIT 4
REAL WORLD MATHloans
mortgages
personal finance
fixed expenses
budgeting
savingscredit
interest
compounding
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Unit 4, Math 3202
Every day math
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Getting Credit Costs!... Interest
1. Simple Interest: always calculates the interest charged, based on the original amount of the loan
2. Compound Interest: calculates the total value based on current level of principal.
Interest principal rate(%) term (yrs.)
A = total value of principal + interest
P = principal (current value of loan)
r = interest rate (annual)
n = number of compounding s per year.Annually1
Semiannually 2
Quarterly 4* monthly12
Daily 365
t = term number of years
You borrow $10,000 for a car, you take the loan for 3 years @ 8% interest, and you agree to make monthly payments
?
* Divide this by n (number of payments) to find the monthly payment $ 352.00
There are two ways of finding interest......
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4.1 Owning a Vehicle
buying a vehicle means dealing with sales taxes and compound interest, for loan or financing.
1. Sales tax.
Newfoundland's sales tax is currently at 13%. This can be calculated by multiplying by the tax percent.
by either multiplying by 0.13 adn then adding the tax to the total
or
multiply the total by 1.13 to include the full price and the taxes at the same time.
Note: the x1.13 method of doing taxes is including the 100% of the price of the object and adding on the 13% sales tax for NL in one step. This is faster than calculating tax and then adding in on afterwards. It is also very similar to the method used in the compound interest formula where you do (1 + r/n) which is 100% of the original cost of the loan plus the interest being charged, all done in one step rather than many little calculations.
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2. Calculating the monthly payments
fill in the given information
find the total amount you will pay back for the loan
then divide by the number of payments to find what you will pay per month
changing the term of the loan will reduce the monthly payment, BUT you will pay more by the end of the loan
Example: find the monthly payment for a $20,000 loan taken over 3 years @ 3.9% interest
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Loan Options when negotiating for a loan there are a few items you have to be careful about.....
1. The Interest Rate
even the smallest change in interest rates can make a large difference in the amount that a loan will cost you in the end. The larger the interest rate, the more interest you will pay for the loan.
2. the term
the longer you take to pay off the loan, the term, the more it will cost you in interest. You can save years worth of interest by paying a loan off earlier, however this will mean that your monthly payments will be much larger.
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4.2 Operating a Vehicle.There are many costs that come up with owning a car....
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Fixed expenses Variable expenses
payments
insurance
gas
maintenance
license fee
? gas
repairs
tires
Operating a car involves many costs besides the initial cost of buying it. You also need to maintain it properly and keep it supplied so that it works. Altogether, these make up the total expense of owning and operating a vehicle.
Fixed expenses are those that you have to pay, based on car use. You can work fixed expenses into your regular weekly or monthly budget. Variable expenses are those that come up irregularly, usually because something has broken or worn out, and can't be budgeted for directly. However, you should put some money away to deal with these variable expenses so they don't cause big problems when they do occur.
Some expenses seem to fall into the fixed expenses and into the variable costs. This would depend on the way that you run your vehicle. For instance, if you use it for work, errands and a little running around then you could budget gas as a regular amount that you use in each month. But if you spend a lot of time driving around and hanging out then you would use a lot more gas and a different amount each month, making it a variable expense.
The Cost of Ownership
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4.3Operating a BusinessWhat do you need to do to run a business? (ex: a variety store)
ordering stock
paying for stock
calculate sales prices
manage employees.
schedule hours
calculate paydecide hours of operation
pay utilities
advertising for specials
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All costs and sales fall into one of 2 categories for a store...
income (revenue)
or
expenses
revenue expenses = Profit.