Unit 4 Lesson 1 Part I Earth’s Days, Years, and...
Transcript of Unit 4 Lesson 1 Part I Earth’s Days, Years, and...
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Unit 4 Lesson 1 Part I Earth’s Days, Years, and Seasons
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Unit 4 Lesson 1 Earth’s Days, Years, and Seasons
Florida Benchmark
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• SC.8.E.5.9 Explain the impact of objects in space on each other including: 1. The Sun on the Earth including seasons and gravitational attraction, 2. The Moon on the Earth, including phases, tides, and eclipses, and the relative position of each body.
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Spinning in Circles
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What determines the length of a day?
• Each planet spins on its axis. • The spinning of a body, such as a planet, on its
axis is called rotation. • The time it takes a planet to complete one full
rotation on its axis is called a day.
Unit 4 Lesson 1 Earth’s Days, Years, and Seasons
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What determines the length of a day?
• Earth rotates in a counterclockwise motion around its axis when viewed from above the North Pole.
• As a location on Earth’s equator rotates from west
to east, the sun appears to rise in the east, cross the sky, and set in the west.
• Only one-half of Earth faces the sun at any given
time.
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Unit 4 Lesson 1 Earth’s Days, Years, and Seasons
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What determines the length of a day?
• People on the half of Earth facing the sun experience daylight, and this period is called daytime.
• People on the half of Earth facing away from the
sun experience darkness, and this period is called nighttime.
• Earth completes one rotation on its axis in 24
hours, or one day.
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Unit 4 Lesson 1 Earth’s Days, Years, and Seasons
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What determines the length of a year?
• As Earth rotates on its axis, it also revolves around the sun.
• The motion of a body that travels around another
body in space is called revolution. • Earth completes a full revolution around the sun in
365 ¼ days, or about one year. We have divided the year into 12 months, each lasting 28 to 31 days.
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Unit 4 Lesson 1 Earth’s Days, Years, and Seasons
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What determines the length of a year?
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Unit 4 Lesson 1 Earth’s Days, Years, and Seasons
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Tilt-a-Whirl
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What conditions are affected by the tilt of Earth’s axis? • Earth’s axis is tilted at 23.5°. During each
revolution, the North Pole may be tilted toward the sun or away from the sun.
• When the North Pole is tilted toward the sun, the
Northern Hemisphere has longer periods of daylight than does the Southern Hemisphere.
• When the North Pole is tilted away from the sun,
the opposite is true.
Unit 4 Lesson 1 Earth’s Days, Years, and Seasons
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What conditions are affected by the tilt of Earth’s axis?
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Unit 4 Lesson 1 Earth’s Days, Years, and Seasons
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What conditions are affected by the tilt of Earth’s axis? • The angle at which the sun’s rays strike each part
of Earth’s surface changes as Earth moves in its orbit.
• When the North Pole is tilted toward the sun, the
sun’s rays strike the Northern Hemisphere more directly, and this region is warmer.
• When the North Pole is tilted away from the sun,
the sun’s rays strike the Northern Hemisphere less directly, and this region is cooler.
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Unit 4 Lesson 1 Earth’s Days, Years, and Seasons
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What conditions are affected by the tilt of Earth’s axis? • The spherical shape of Earth also affects how the
sun warms up an area. • At a point near the equator, the sun’s rays hit
Earth’s surface more directly, so temperatures are higher there.
• At a point near one of the poles, the sun’s rays hit
Earth’s surface less directly, so temperatures are lower there.
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Unit 4 Lesson 1 Earth’s Days, Years, and Seasons
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What conditions are affected by the tilt of Earth’s axis? • Compare the area over which the sun’s rays are
spread at the equator and at the poles.
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Unit 4 Lesson 1 Earth’s Days, Years, and Seasons
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What conditions are affected by the tilt of Earth’s axis? • The number of daylight hours on any given day of
the year varies with location. • Areas around Earth’s equator receive about 12
hours of light a day.
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Unit 4 Lesson 1 Earth’s Days, Years, and Seasons
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What conditions are affected by the tilt of Earth’s axis? • Areas on Earth’s surface that are tilted toward the
sun have longer than 12-hour days, as they travel a longer path through the lit part of Earth.
• Areas on Earth’s surface that are tilted away from
the sun have shorter than 12-hour days, as they travel a shorter path through the lit part of Earth.
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Unit 4 Lesson 1 Earth’s Days, Years, and Seasons
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What conditions are affected by the tilt of Earth’s axis?
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Unit 4 Lesson 1 Earth’s Days, Years, and Seasons
• Which place has the longest days? Which has the shortest?
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What conditions are affected by the tilt of Earth’s axis? • During summer in the Northern Hemisphere,
areas north of the Arctic Circle receive 24 hours of daylight.
• At the same time, areas south of the Antarctic
Circle receive 24 hours of darkness. • In winter in the Northern Hemisphere, the polar
areas experience the reverse conditions.
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Unit 4 Lesson 1 Earth’s Days, Years, and Seasons