Unit 4: Foundations of Government in Georgia
description
Transcript of Unit 4: Foundations of Government in Georgia
![Page 1: Unit 4: Foundations of Government in Georgia](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062815/5681695a550346895de10ceb/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Unit 4: Foundations of Government in Georgia
SS8CG1: The student will describe the role of citizens
under Georgia’s constitution.
![Page 2: Unit 4: Foundations of Government in Georgia](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062815/5681695a550346895de10ceb/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Georgia’s Constitution GA was one of the original 13
colonies and became a state after the American Revolution.
Georgia adopted its first constitution in 1777.
In 1983, Georgians approved the state’s tenth constitution.
![Page 3: Unit 4: Foundations of Government in Georgia](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062815/5681695a550346895de10ceb/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Georgia’s constitution states: 1) Any power the government
has is given to it by the citizens and is for the good of everyone.
2) Georgia’s gov’t is meant to serve people and the constitution allows the people to change the gov’t when it fails to serve their needs.
![Page 4: Unit 4: Foundations of Government in Georgia](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062815/5681695a550346895de10ceb/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
GA’s constitution continued: There are 11 articles in the 1983
constitution. The first article consists of a bill of rights, twenty-eight paragraphs that set out the rights of Georgia citizens.
![Page 5: Unit 4: Foundations of Government in Georgia](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062815/5681695a550346895de10ceb/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Separation of Powers The Georgia constitution, like the
U.S. constitution, divides the responsibilities of government among the three branches in what is known as a separation of powers.
Separating government powers creates a “limited government.”
![Page 6: Unit 4: Foundations of Government in Georgia](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062815/5681695a550346895de10ceb/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
3 Branches of Government
![Page 7: Unit 4: Foundations of Government in Georgia](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062815/5681695a550346895de10ceb/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
3 branches of gov’t continued: The executive branch can veto bills
passed by the legislative branch and can call special sessions of the legislature.
The legislative branch can impeach officials in the executive or judicial branches. It can override a governor’s veto of bills to make them into laws. It can propose a constitutional change.
It must also confirm appointments made by the governor.
![Page 8: Unit 4: Foundations of Government in Georgia](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062815/5681695a550346895de10ceb/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
3 branches continued… The judicial branch determines
whether or not laws are constitutional.
Each branch of government is responsive to the citizens of Georgia because most officials in each branch are directly elected by the voters.
![Page 9: Unit 4: Foundations of Government in Georgia](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062815/5681695a550346895de10ceb/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Checks and Balances Each branch of government was
given some power to control or prevent some actions of the other two branches. This process is known as a system of checks and balances.
The checks and balances ensure that no one branch becomes too powerful.
![Page 10: Unit 4: Foundations of Government in Georgia](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062815/5681695a550346895de10ceb/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Rights and Responsibilities of Citizens
-Sovereignty- the concept that power and authority rest with the citizens.
-Federalism- a system where the national, state, and local governments share authority over the same land and the same people
![Page 11: Unit 4: Foundations of Government in Georgia](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062815/5681695a550346895de10ceb/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The status of citizenship If your parents are U.S. citizens or
if you were born in the United States, then you are a U.S. citizen.
You are entitled to all of the protections and rights afforded by the federal and state constitutions.
These rights include free speech, the right to bear arms, freedom of religion, and the right to a speedy and fair trial.
![Page 12: Unit 4: Foundations of Government in Georgia](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062815/5681695a550346895de10ceb/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The status of citizenship continued…
Naturalized citizens are foreign nationals (those who were born in other countries) who chose to become American citizens and give up their citizenship in those other countries.
![Page 13: Unit 4: Foundations of Government in Georgia](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062815/5681695a550346895de10ceb/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The status of citizenship continued…
People who are 18 years of age
who have lived in this country for at least five years,
and who entered the country legally can apply for citizenship
They must meet certain requirements- an ability to read and speak English; a knowledge and understanding of U.S. history; good moral character; & a belief of the principles of the U.S. Constitution
![Page 14: Unit 4: Foundations of Government in Georgia](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062815/5681695a550346895de10ceb/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Rights and Responsibilities of Citizens
Voting, while a right, is also the most basic responsibility of citizens, enabling them to participate in government.
Another responsibility of citizens is to pay federal, state, and local taxes to fund the services those governments provide.
![Page 15: Unit 4: Foundations of Government in Georgia](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062815/5681695a550346895de10ceb/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Rights and Responsibilities of Citizens continued…
Another responsibility is upholding the laws of the nation.
Also, defending the nation against its enemies.
(All young men are required to register with the Selective Service Board when they turn eighteen).
![Page 16: Unit 4: Foundations of Government in Georgia](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062815/5681695a550346895de10ceb/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Voting Qualifications To register to vote in Georgia,
a person must be at least 18 years old and a citizen of the United States.
An individual must also be a legal resident of Georgia and the county in which he or she registers.
![Page 17: Unit 4: Foundations of Government in Georgia](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062815/5681695a550346895de10ceb/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Elections A general election is held in
November in at least every even-numbered year. This is when major federal and state officials are selected.
Other elections are held as needed to select public officials.
![Page 18: Unit 4: Foundations of Government in Georgia](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062815/5681695a550346895de10ceb/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Elections continued Voters select the most
important state officials. These officials, in turn,
appoint others who work for and with them.
![Page 19: Unit 4: Foundations of Government in Georgia](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062815/5681695a550346895de10ceb/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Political Parties Political Parties are
organized groups of people who share common ideals and who seek to influence government policies and decisions by electing members of their party to government offices.
![Page 20: Unit 4: Foundations of Government in Georgia](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062815/5681695a550346895de10ceb/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Political Parties continued.. Today, America
has two major political parties:
The Republican Party and the Democratic Party
Members of these groups share common beliefs about government’s role in American life
![Page 21: Unit 4: Foundations of Government in Georgia](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062815/5681695a550346895de10ceb/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Political Parties continued.. People who are not members
of these two major parties are usually referred to as independents.
![Page 22: Unit 4: Foundations of Government in Georgia](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062815/5681695a550346895de10ceb/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
The General Assembly There are 180 members of the
house of representatives and 56 members of the senate.
Members of the legislature are elected by popular vote to two-year terms of office.
There is no limit to the number of terms a representative or senator can serve.
![Page 23: Unit 4: Foundations of Government in Georgia](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062815/5681695a550346895de10ceb/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The General Assembly continued…
Members of the Senate must be: 25 years of age Citizens of the U.S. Citizens of Georgia for at least two years They must have been legal residents of the
district from which they were elected for at least one year
Members of the House must be:
21 years of age Citizens of the U.S. Citizens of Georgia for
at least two years They must have been legal residents of the district from which they were elected for at least one year
![Page 24: Unit 4: Foundations of Government in Georgia](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062815/5681695a550346895de10ceb/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
The General Assembly continued…
The General Assembly is bicameral: (has two houses/chambers).
One is the house of representatives and the second is the senate.
The lieutenant governor presides over the senate.
Members of the House elect a speaker.
![Page 25: Unit 4: Foundations of Government in Georgia](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062815/5681695a550346895de10ceb/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Casey Cagle- GA’s lieutenant governor
The lieutenant governor does not have a vote in the senate, but the speaker of the house votes when it is necessary to break a tie.
![Page 26: Unit 4: Foundations of Government in Georgia](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062815/5681695a550346895de10ceb/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Committee System Members of the Georgia
house and senate are organized into committees.
All bills must be reviewed by a house or senate committee before they can be brought to either the whole house or sent for a vote.
![Page 27: Unit 4: Foundations of Government in Georgia](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062815/5681695a550346895de10ceb/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Committee System continued..
Some committees are permanent, lasting from one session to the next. They are called standing committees.
![Page 28: Unit 4: Foundations of Government in Georgia](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062815/5681695a550346895de10ceb/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Some of the standing committees include:
The Ways and Means Committee which handles bills involving taxes
The Appropriations Committee which works on the budget
The Judiciary Committee which deals with bills concerning the state’s laws and court system.
(Other committees are organized for a special task and last only until their work is complete).