Unit 4, Day 2
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Transcript of Unit 4, Day 2
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Unit 4, Day 2Genetics & Human DevelopmentThu, Jan 17th (Block, 115 Min)Fri, Jan 18th (Block, 100 Min)
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Homework Due Today (0 min) - Stamp•Mendelian Genetics YouTube Video Notes
& Problems (35.F)
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Daily Question (35.A) – 5 min• Describe what your ideal
child would look like and
what they would be good
at (or what they would
care about) – sports,
school, environment,
family, etc. Why do you
want these characteristics
in your child?
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Essential Skills and Knowledge (35.A) – 1 min• 2.1.D (Mendelian Genetics) I can describe the genetic
basis for Mendel’s laws of segregation and independent assortment.
• 2.1.E (Punnett Squares) I can utilize Mendelian genetics to create and analyze monohybrid and dihybrid Punnett squares.
• 2.1.F (Phenotype and Genotype) I can predict the probably outcome of phenotypes in a genetic cross from the genotypes of the parents and mode of inheritance (autosomal or X-linked, dominant or recessive).
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Homework CFU – 3 min• Question #1 – Set up a monohybrid Punnett Square and answer the
following problem: In guinea pigs, short hair, “S”, is dominant to
long hair, “s”. One guinea pig is “Ss” and one is “ss”.
• What is the probability percentage of guinea pig offspring that will
have short hair? Long hair?
• What is the probability percentage that the guinea pig offspring will
be homozygous dominant, heterozygous, or homozygous recessive?
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Homework CFU – 5 min• Question #2 – Set up a DIHYBRID Punnett Square
and answer the following problem: In guinea pigs, black fur, “B”, is dominant to white fur, “b”, and rough fur, “R”, is dominant to smooth fur, “r”.
• Cross a parent who is heterozygous for BOTH traits with a parent that is homozygous dominant for BOTH traits.
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Investigation Before Explanation (6 min)•Rock, Paper, Scissors, Lizard, Spock•https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=iapcKVn7DdY•We did Rock v. Paper in the video•What would happen if things got more
complex?
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Just as that got complex…•Genetics is more complex than Mendel
thought•There are a lot of exceptions to Mendelian
genetics.
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Incomplete Dominance (5 min)Teacher Notes Student Practice• Heterozygous genotype =
phenotypes BLEND (dom. allele doesn’t fully inhibit)
• Cap, letters for both alleles!
1. WW (white) snapdragon X RR (red) snapdragon. Genotypes & phenotypes of offspring?
2. Two heterozygous snapdragons are crossed. Genotypes & phenotypes of offspring?
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Codominance (5 min)Teacher Notes Student Practice• Heterozygous genotype =
shows both phenotypes at the same time.
• Use capital letters for both alleles!
3. A black cat (BB) is crossed with a tan cat (TT). Genotypes & phenotypes?
4. A tabby cat (BT) is crossed with a tan cat (TT). Genotypes & phenotypes?
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Polygenic Traits (5 min)Teacher Notes• Det. by 2 or more gene
pairs• Ex: Immune system, skin
color, hair, eyes, weight.• Bell curve.
5. Flip a coin six times. Record number of heads and tails that result at your table.
▫ ______ T, _______ H6. Class Data
▫ 0 T, 6 H:▫ 1 T, 5 H:▫ 2 T, 4 H:
3 T, 3 H:4 T, 2 H:5 T, 1 H:6 T, 0 H:
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Multiple Alleles (5 min)Teacher Notes• More than 2 alleles for
one trait exist• Blood type
▫ 4 possible phenotypes: A, B, AB, O
▫ 3 alleles: IA = Type A (dom) IB = Type B (dom) i = Type O (rec)
7. Homozygous Type A blood (IAIA) X Homozygous Type B blood (IBIB). Phenotype and genotypes of offspring? What is the result an example of?
8. Heterozygous A blood (IAi) X Heterozygous Type B blood (IBi). Phenotype and genotypes of offspring?
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Karyotype
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Sex-Linked Genes (5 min)Teacher Notes Student Practice• Female = XX• Male = XY• X-linked genes:
hemophilia, red-green color blindness, etc.
• XA or Xa
9. Child’s sex probability?
10. Female carrier of red-green color blindness (XAXa) X male non-carrier (XAY). Probability of boys/girls having it? Carriers?
11. Male with red-green color blindness (XaY) X female non-carrier (XAXA). Probability of boys/girls having it? Carriers?
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Wrap-Up (2 min)• Incomplete Dominance: Traits BLEND
• Codominance: Both phenotypes are shown
• Polygenic Traits: 2 or more gene PAIRS
• Multiple Alleles: More than 2 possible alleles for one trait
• Sex-Linked Traits: On the X chromosome
▫ There are Y-linked traits (ear hair), but the Y chromosome is
super small and it’s biggest purpose is to turn a female into
a male (all of us start as females!)
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Project Activity (30 min)• Creating your baby!
• If you show the DOMINANT phenotype, assume you are HETEROZYGOUS. (Recessive = homozygous recessive)
• For polygenic traits (skin color, hair color, eye color): choose the most accurate one for you.
• There are some incomplete dominance traits: again, choose the most accurate one for you.
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How to determine your child!•To determine the allele you pass onto your
child, flip a coin.•In general, Heads = dominant, Tails =
recessive. • If you are homozygous recessive, you do
not need to flip the coin (100% chance).•Example: XX (mom) and XY (dad)
▫Only father flips, X = tails, Y = heads▫Mom will always pass on X allele
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Examples•Round face (RR, Rr) and square face (rr)
▫You have a round face? Choose Rr, NOT RR▫You have a square face? Choose rr.▫If: Mom is Rr and Dad is rr
Mom flips heads R Dad doesn’t need to flip r
•Curly hair (CC), Wavy (Cc), Straight (cc)▫Mom = CC, Dad = Cc
Mom doesn’t need to flip C Dad flips tails c
Rr
Cc
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To determine YOUR polygenic traits…Skin Color Hair Color• Very dark black (AABBCC)• Very dark brown
(AABBCc)• Dark brown (AABbCc)• Medium brown (AaBbCc)• Light brown (AaBbcc)• Light tan (Aabbcc)• Pale white (aabbcc)
• Black (AABBCCDD)• Very dark brown
(AABBCCDd)• Dark brown (AABBCcDd)• Brown (AABbCcDd)• Light brown (AaBbCcDd)• Honey blond (AaBbCcdd)• Blond (AaBbccdd)• Very light blond
(Aabbccdd)• White (aabbccdd)
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Examples•Skin Color•Mom is dark brown (AABbCc)
▫Mom doesn’t need to flip for “a” trait A▫Mom flips for “b” trait B▫Mom flips for “c” trait c
•Dad is medium brown (AaBbCc)▫Dad flips for “a” trait a▫Dad flips for “b” trait B▫Dad flips for “c” trait c
AaBBcc
3 Capitals =Medium Brown
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Baby’s Name•Must be appropriate•There are several baby names that are
actually illegal in our world. If need be, I can act as the legal authority.▫Examples: Talula Does The Hula, Venerdi
(Friday in Italian), Brfxxccxxmnpcccclllmmnprxvclmnckssqlbb11116, Gesher (Bridge in Norwegian), Chow Tow, Smelly Head, @, Miatt (didn’t show if boy or girl), Anus, Devil
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If your partner is not in this class…•You will compile your data later. Just do
your coin flips!
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When you are finished…•Answer the conclusion questions on page
46!
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Digital Portfolio•You must scan or type up this document
as your justification for your child’s appearance!
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Work Time (30 min)•Photos•Journal Entries
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Homework•dp.davincischools.org/staff/blarkin
▫“Homework Spring ‘13”▫Reproduction and Prenatal Development▫Take notes, do questions ▫To make your life easier, you can subscribe
to my YouTube channel•Suggestion: begin working on child’s
photos