Unit 4, Day 2. Unit 4, Day 3 Humanism – During the middle ages people were heaven focused....
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Transcript of Unit 4, Day 2. Unit 4, Day 3 Humanism – During the middle ages people were heaven focused....
Humanism – During the middle ages people
were heaven focused.Humanism wanted to learn
more about life here on earth, not just in heaven.
The often made governments and the Catholic church angry.Erasmus (a priest) made fun of
the churches “folly.”Thomas Moore criticized the
king of England.
Leading Up to the Reformation
The Printing Press: for the first time, people have access to books.Johann Gutenberg
invented a movable type.
He made the bible accessible to all people.He printed them in
French, German, English, and Latin.
Leading Up to the Reformation
He saw church practices that he felt were incompatible with the Bible:Indulgences: priests
would “sell” penances for the living and the dead so that they would not have to spend as much time in purgatory.
Luther felt that this was like buying and selling salvation.
Martin Luther
So…on October 31, 1517, Luther posted 95 Thesis on the Castle Church door in Wittenberg, Germany.These stated the wrongs of the
Catholic Church
Martin Luther
An official prosecution was held against Luther.He barely escaped with is life and was
excommunicated.He never wanted to start his own
denomination, let alone religious division – He wanted to reform the Catholic Church and remain part of it.
Martin Luther
Luther became a controversial person in Germany.He wrote about a inner release from guilt – he
was not a social revolutionary.In 1524 and 1525, peasants revolted against
their lords.Luther condemned them and encouraged the
German Princes to crush the revolt – 100,000 peasants died.
Peasants Revolt
Also opposed the sale of indulgence and priests’ celibacy.
His reformation: whatever lacked literal support in Scripture was to be neither believed nor practiced.
At first on board with Luther, but after a debate, they went their opposite ways…and today we have different denominations.
Zwingli
They believed that Luther and Zwingli were wrong about baptism.
If you came to “true faith” (not Catholic faith) you need to be baptized again.
Decedents are the Amish and Mennonites.
Anabaptists
He lived in Switzerland.He heard Luther’s criticism
of the Catholic Church and agreed – however, he disagreed with some of Luther’s teachings.
Mainly he disagreed with Luther’s interpretation of communion and baptism.
John Calvin
Calvin tried to create a “heaven on earth”
So religious leaders began ruling towns in Switzerland.They had religious
laws with harsh punishments if you broke them.
Laws like no dancing and no pictures in church.
John Calvin
Henry was a staunch CatholicHe even wrote a
document refuting Luther’s teachings for the Catholic Church.
However he ran into trouble…get ready for a “Days of Our Lives” sequence…
Henry VIII
Henry’s brother died…his wife, Catherine was a match made for political reasons.
So Henry married her to keep political ties.
But…he was marrying his brothers wife, so he needed special permission from the pope.
Henry VIII
Catherine didn’t have any baby boys (Henry thought he needed a male ruler).
So he wanted to get an annulment (she was also 15 years older than him)
But to do that they would need the pope’s permission again.
Henry VIII
Now though, the Pope was controlled by the Holy Roman Emperor – Catherine’s nephew.
So Henry just starts his own church so that he is able to get a divorce.Anglican and Episcopalian Churches
Married Ann Boleyn…in fact he married again many times over:Divorced – Beheaded –Died – Divorced –
Beheaded – Outlived.
Henry VIII
In all those marriages, Henry never had a baby boy who lived.
However two of his daughters ruled England and were arguable the strongest leaders England has ever had:Bloody Mary (Catherine’s daughter who killed
all the Protestants)Queen Elizabeth (Anne’s daughter, a
Protestant)
Irony of it all…