Unit 4: Cells Learning Goal A: Describe the cell theory and how it relates to the nature of science.
-
Upload
clyde-mckinney -
Category
Documents
-
view
214 -
download
0
Transcript of Unit 4: Cells Learning Goal A: Describe the cell theory and how it relates to the nature of science.
![Page 1: Unit 4: Cells Learning Goal A: Describe the cell theory and how it relates to the nature of science.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f325503460f94c4de51/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Unit 4: Cells
Learning Goal A: Describe the cell theory and how it relates to
the nature of science.
![Page 2: Unit 4: Cells Learning Goal A: Describe the cell theory and how it relates to the nature of science.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f325503460f94c4de51/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Cell History
![Page 3: Unit 4: Cells Learning Goal A: Describe the cell theory and how it relates to the nature of science.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f325503460f94c4de51/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
History of the Cell
Robert Hooke (1665) Used an early compound microscope he had built to
look at a thin slice of cork (plant material).• Looked like tiny, empty chambers.
• Called them “cells”
![Page 4: Unit 4: Cells Learning Goal A: Describe the cell theory and how it relates to the nature of science.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f325503460f94c4de51/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
History of The Cell
Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1674) Observed pond water under a microscope. Observed tiny living organism.
• Called them animalcules
![Page 5: Unit 4: Cells Learning Goal A: Describe the cell theory and how it relates to the nature of science.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f325503460f94c4de51/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
History of The Cell
Matthias Schleiden (1838) A German Botanist Concluded that all plants are made up of cells.
Theodore Schwann (1839) A German Biologist Concluded that all animals are made up of cells.
![Page 6: Unit 4: Cells Learning Goal A: Describe the cell theory and how it relates to the nature of science.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f325503460f94c4de51/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
History of The Cell
Rudolph Virchow (1855) A German Physicist Proposed that all cells come from preexisting cells.
![Page 7: Unit 4: Cells Learning Goal A: Describe the cell theory and how it relates to the nature of science.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f325503460f94c4de51/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Cell Theory
The cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function in living things.
All organisms are made up of one or more cells. Cells arise from other cells through cellular division. Cells carry DNA passed to daughter cells during cellular
division. All cells are essentially the same in chemical
composition. Energy flow (metabolism and biochemistry) occurs
within cells.
![Page 8: Unit 4: Cells Learning Goal A: Describe the cell theory and how it relates to the nature of science.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f325503460f94c4de51/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Cell Exploration
14th century – The art of grinding lenses is developed in Italy and spectacles are made to improve eyesight.
1590 – Dutch lens grinders Hans and Zacharias Janssen make the first microscope by placing two lenses in a tube.
18th century – Several technical innovations make microscopes better and easier to handle, which leads to microscopy becoming more and more popular among scientists.
![Page 9: Unit 4: Cells Learning Goal A: Describe the cell theory and how it relates to the nature of science.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f325503460f94c4de51/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Cell Explorationo1878 – Ernst Abbe formulates a mathematical theory correlating resolution to the wavelength of light. Abbes formula make calculations of maximum resolution in microscopes possible.
o1903 – Richard Zsigmondy develops the ultramicroscope and is able to study objects below the wavelength of light. o1932 – Frits Zernike invents the phase-contrast microscope that allows the study of colorless and transparent biological materials.
![Page 10: Unit 4: Cells Learning Goal A: Describe the cell theory and how it relates to the nature of science.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f325503460f94c4de51/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Cell Exploration
1938 – Ernst Ruska develops the electron microscope. The ability to use electrons in microscopy greatly improves the resolution and greatly expands the borders of exploration. 1981 – Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer invent the scanning tunneling microscope that gives three-dimensional images of objects down to the atomic level.
![Page 11: Unit 4: Cells Learning Goal A: Describe the cell theory and how it relates to the nature of science.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f325503460f94c4de51/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Cell Exploration
Confocal Light Microscopy Scans cells with a laser beam, makes it
possible to build three-dimensional images of cells and their parts.
![Page 12: Unit 4: Cells Learning Goal A: Describe the cell theory and how it relates to the nature of science.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f325503460f94c4de51/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Cell Exploration
Electron Microscopes Makes it possible to see details as
much as 1000 times smaller than
those visible in light. Sample being observed are preserved and the water
is removed before they are observed. Only nonliving samples can be
observed.
![Page 13: Unit 4: Cells Learning Goal A: Describe the cell theory and how it relates to the nature of science.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f325503460f94c4de51/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Cell Explorations
TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope) Uses a beam of electrons to explore cell structures
and large protein molecules. Because electrons can only pas through thin samples,
cells and tissues must be cut first. SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope)
A pencil like beam of electrons is scanned over the surface of a specimen.
Produces three-dimensional images of the cell. Scanning Probe Microscopes
Produce images by tracing the surface of samples. Made it possible to observe single atoms.
![Page 14: Unit 4: Cells Learning Goal A: Describe the cell theory and how it relates to the nature of science.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f325503460f94c4de51/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Cell Explorations