1. state see week 1

2. nation see week 1

3. nation-

state

An independent state, or country, whose

people mostly share a common identity. An

ideal form consisting of a highly homogeneous

group of people governed by their own state.

No pure form really exists.

4. identity ...

5. centripetal

force

a force that unites people and countries

6. centrifugal

force

a force that divides people and countries

7. sovereignty independence from control of its internal affairs

by other states. Supreme or independent

political power.

8. raison

d'être

"Reason for existing". Why a state exists, its

reason for being. Israel- to be a Jewish

homeland.

9. territoriality

efforts to control portions of the earth.

Personal space, owned space, political space.

10. organic

theory

Geopolitical theory proposed by Ratzel that

states grow and need room to grow like living

organisms.

11. Heartland

Theory

The belief of Halford MacKinder that the

interior of Eurasia (the "heartland") provided a

likely base for world conquest

Unit 4 AllStudy online at quizlet.com/_3l7x9s

12. Rimland

Theory

The belief of Nicholas Spykman that domination of

coastal fringes of Eurasia (the "rimland") would

provide a base for world conquest

13. enclave

a distinct territorial or cultural area that is within a

foreign territory

14. exclave

A portion of a country's territory that lies outside

its contiguous land area

15. autonomous

region

a region within a state that has some degree of

independence and self-government, which it

recieves to prevent further devolution of the

larger state as a whole. Greenland, Chechnya.

Can be just a single city (Mexico City, Buenos

Aires).

16. ethnic

separatism

the belief that ethnicities should have their own

geographic space and have autonomy

based more on cultural and linguistic

differences than religious or racial differences

17. irredentism

any political or popular movement intended to

reclaim and reoccupy a lost homeland

When a state wants to annex a territory whose

population is ethnically similar

18. nationalism

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to

one's country

19. multinational

state

state with more than one nation within its

borders

20. multi-state

nation

nation that transcends the borders of two or

more states

21. stateless

nation

A nation that does not have a territory to

legally occupy and rule themselves

22. devolution

the transfer of some important powers from

central governments to sub-governments

23. Balkanization

Process by which a state breaks down

through conflicts among its ethnicities

24. shatter belt

A zone of frequent boundary changes and

conflicts, often located between major

powers

25. compact

state

A state in which the distance from the center to

any boundary does not vary significantly.

26. elongated

state

A state whose territory is long and narrow in

shape.

27. perforated

state

A state whose territory completely surrounds

that of another state.

28. fragmented

state

A state that includes several

discontinuous pieces of territory.

29. prorupted state

an otherwise compact state with a large

projecting extension

30. supranationalism

delegating international decisions to an

international organization. Beyond the

authority or jurisdiction of one national

government.

31. UN

United Nations

an intergovernmental organization to promote

international co-operation.

International peacekeeping body founded by 50

nations in April 1945

32. EU

European Union

an economic and political union of 28 countries that

are located in Europe

33. NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Military alliance including the United States, Canada,

and Western Europe formed to counter Soviet

expansion

34. Warsaw

Pact

The military organization formed by the

Soviets and Eastern Bloc nations to rival NATO

35. Cold War

State of tension, competition, and mistrust

between the United States and the Soviet

Union between 1945 (end of WWII) and 1991

(fall of the Berlin Wall). No actually fighting

occured, except through "proxy wars"

36. Communism

the idea that society should be based on

public ownership and communal control of

property.

economic system in which all wealth and

property are owned by the state.

37. Domino

Theory

The US theory that stated, if one country

(Vietnam) would fall to Communism then they

all would. Containment policy of the US

toward the Soviet Union post-WWII in SE Asia.

38. Iron Curtain

Division between Eastern and Western

Europe during the Cold War

39. colony

a settlement under the control of a usually

distant country

40. decolonization

the acquisition, by colonized peoples, of

control over their own territory

41. neocolonialism

continuation of colonial conditions under

more indirect forms of control. Not direct

political control but economic exploitation

by multinational corporations, whereby

LDC's remain dependant on more

advanced/wealthier countries that are

exploiting resources.

42. UNCLOS

United Nations Convention on the Law of

the Sea. 1982, 1994; establishes uniform

international/territorial water soverignty

claims

43. exclusive

economic zone

(EEZ)

Coastal nation has sole exploitation rights

of natural resources (200 nautical miles)

for economic improvement

44. terrorism

the use of violence by groups against

civilians to achieve a political goal

45. boundary

invisible line that marks the extent of a state's

territory

46. physical

boundary

Political boundaries that correspond with

natural physical features such as mountains or

rivers.

47. geometrical

boundary

Political boundaries that do not correspond

with physical features but are created by

humans. Often a straight line

48. Berlin

Conference

Meeting where the major European powers

negotiated and claimed territory in Africa

1884-1885; European leaders met in Berlin,

Germany to divide Africa

49. antecedent

boundary

one drawn across an area before it is well

populated, that is, before most of the

cultural landscape features were put in

place.

50. superimposed

boundary

a boundary forced on existing cultural

landscapes, a country, or a people by a

conquering or colonizing power that is

unconcerned about preexisting cultural

patterns.

51. relic

boundary

a former boundary line that no longer

functions as such is still marked by some

landscape features or differences on the two

sides.

52. subsequent

boundary

boundary drawn after the development of the

cultural landscape.

53. delimited

boundary

the translation of the written terms of a

boundary treaty (the definition) into an official

cartographic representation.

54. defined

boundary

Boundaries that are defined by legal

documentation of treaties that specify

locations

55. demarcated

boundary

When a boundary is actually marked on the

ground with walls, fences, or posts

56. administered

boundary

a border that is actively managed, protected,

and administered by a sovereign government

57. buffer state

A country lying between two more powerful

countries that are hostile to each other

58. federal state

Internal organization of a state that allocates

most powers to units of local government

59. unitary state

an internal organization of a state that places

most power in central/national government.

60. subnationalism Feeling that one owes allegiance to

traditional groups rather than the state

Identification with small ethnic and

regional groups within a nation

61. subnational

political unit

a region within a nation

62. suffrage

The right to vote

63. re-districting process of redrawing district line to show

increase/decrease in population

64. re-

apportionment

redistribution of seats in the house of reps

based on population changes

65. gerrymandering

the drawing of electoral district lines to

the advantage of a party or group

66. forward capital

A capital city placed in a remote area for

economic, strategic, or symbolic reasons

67. democratization

The introduction of a democratic system

or democratic principles.

the process of creating a government

elected by the people

68. eminent domain

Power of a government to take private

property for public use.

69. NAFTA

North American Free Trade Agreement

A trading agreement between the USA, Canada,

and Mexico

70. ASEAN

Association of Southeast Asian Nations

Asian trading bloc that aims to encourage free

trade between its 10 member nations

71. OPEC

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

Group of countries that share common policy for

the sale of petroleum

72. Basques

an indigenous ethnic group characterized by the

Basque language, which is unique in all of Europe.

Spain has ceded some autonomy to them.

73. Kurds

largest stateless nation

an ethnic group which is a minority in Armenia,

Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey.

74. Kashmir

Predominantly Muslim-populated territory

disputed and split between Pakistan and India