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Unit 3: Respiration

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Essential Questions Why do animals need a circulatory system? How are various substances transported and exchanged in the human body? What are heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate, and how are they affected by exercise? How do we obtain energy from the food we ingest? What are the different components of the circulatory system and what are their functions? What are different diseases of the cardiovascular system, and what lifestyle choices can be made to decrease the risk of getting one?

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Day 1: The Blood and Heart Required Readings: 2.31, 2.36 Learning Objectives: To understand why animals need a circulatory system To know that a transport system has four components To know the structure and functions of the components of blood To know that the blood is pumped around the circulatory system by the action of the heart To know that the heart is a muscular organ with four chambers To understand how the flow of blood through the circulation is maintained

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Vocabulary Blood Arteries Veins Heart Capillaries Plasma Atrium Ventricle Valves

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Video: The Circulatory System

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Starter Why do animals need a circulatory system? What does the circulatory system do? What are the components of a circulatory system? Time: 10 minutes

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Activity 1 Use the modeling clay to create the four components of the circulatory system and how they are linked together. Be sure to label the different components Medium Tube system Pump Sites of exchange Time: 15 minutes

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Activity 2 Your group will be given one of the components of blood Choose a method to present what your component does to the rest of the class (act, poem, poster) RBC WBC (phagocyte) WBC (lyphocyte) Platelet Time: 15 minutes

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Activity 3 What are the jobs of the blood? Which do you think is most important? Time: 10 minutes

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Activity 4 Using the diagram on the next slide, describe the flow of blood through the heart Where is the blood oxygenated? Deoxygenated? What does the pacemaker do? What is the function of the valves? Time: 15 minutes

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Activity 5 Walk around and look at the other groups mini posters that they completed Leave one piece of positive feedback for each of the groups Time: 10 minutes

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Closing & Homework Choose one of the disorders of the blood and write a research paper with a partner Anemia Sickle Cell Anemia Leukaemia AIDS What to include? What is your disorder? What are the causes of your disorder? What are the signs/symptoms of your disorder? How is it treated? Is it curable? Statistics who does it affect more? What % of the population is affected? Etc. Due: October 28

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Day 2: The Circulatory System and Capillaries Required Readings: 2.34, 2.35 Learning Objectives: To understand that the blood is directed around the body in a set of vessels To know the structure and function of arteries and veins To understand why humans have a double circulatory system To know the names of the main arteries and veins in the human body To understand that substances carried in the blood must leave the circulation to reach the tissues TO know that materials are exchanged between tissues and blood in the capillary beds To know how the structure of the capillaries is suited to the transfer of materials between blood and tissues

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Vocabulary Oxygenated Aorta Vena cava

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4 stations: Poster showing how blood gets transported throughout the body, the types of vessels it travels in, and the names of the main vessels Model showing the structure of arteries and veins. Include labels. Please take a picture of it and email it to me (jbaranowsky@tasok.net)jbaranowsky@tasok.net How does the structure of the capillary system allow materials to be exchanged? Write a paragraph explaining what gets exchanged, where it is exchanged and how it is exchanged. Relate these to the structure of the system. BRING PE CLOTHES FOR WEDNESDAY!!!

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Day 3: The Control of BP and Exercise (60 min) Required Readings: 2.37 Learning Objectives: To understand how the flow of blood through the circulation is maintained To understand how the regular beating of the heart can be adjusted according to the bodys needs

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Vocabulary Blood pressure Systolic pressure Diastolic pressure Pulse

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Starter Sit quietly without moving. You can put your head down. After 5 minutes, we will take your resting heart rate, your resting breathing rate, and your resting blood pressure Time: 20 minutes

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Activity 1 & 2 Finding your heart rate & breathing rate after exercise Use the handout as a guide to complete the activity All members of the group to complete it Compare the results within your group, not across the class Time: 30 minutes

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Closing How does exercise effect your heart rate and breathing rate? Why is this? What does prolonged physical activity do to your cardiovascular system?

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Homework Lab Report Due November 7 Check wiki for what to include under the labs tab

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Day 4: Respiration Required Readings: 2.39 Learning Objectives: To understand that energy is needed to carry out work To appreciate that different forms of energy can be interconverted To be able to list some of the energy-demanding processes in living organisms To describe how the process of respiration releases energy from chemical foods

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Vocabulary Respiration Oxidation ATP

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Starter Why do we need energy? How do we obtain the energy necessary to do our required functions? Time: 10 minutes

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Activity 1 Write a balanced word and symbol equation for photosynthesis Write a balanced word and symbol equation for respiration What is similar? What is different? Time: 10 minutes

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Activity 2 How is energy converted from photosynthesis to respiration? There are 5 main reasons we need energy: Growth Maintenance of body temperature Active transport Cell division Movement You will be given 1 or 2 or these reasons to act out how energy is converted in order to do your process Time: 20 minutes

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Activity 3 Create a poster for the process that you just acted out that shows how energy is converted in order to do work Time: 20 minutes

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Activity 4 Graph the data on pg. 117 and answer the questions a, b, and c Hand in when completed Time: 15 minutes

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Closing What is respiration? What is the equation for respiration? How is energy converted from photosynthesis into useful energy in our body? Time: 5 minutes

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Homework Additional reading links on wiki HCT portfolio item for November 5 Exercise lab November 7

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Day 5: Energy & Cellular Respiration Required Readings: 2.40 Supplemental text Learning Objectives: To know that respiration is the source of energy for muscular work To understand that anaerobic respiration is less efficient than aerobic respiration and produces a toxic product To understand that exercise is limited by the build-up of lactic acid

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Vocabulary Anaerobic respiration Aerobic respiration Glycolysis Citric Acid Cycle/Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain

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Video: Cell Respiration

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Starter Cellular respiration involves 3 stages: Glycolysis Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) Electron Transport Chain (ETC) What are the main products of each stage and where does each stage occur? Time: 15 minutes

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Activity 1 Create a diagram showing where the various processes of cellular respiration occur in the cell Include where oxygen and glucose are taken in, where carbon dioxide and water are produced The websites I gave you will help you with this Time: 25 minutes

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Activity 2 Aerobic respiration uses oxygen, anaerobic respiration occurs when there is no oxygen present Create a visual representation that compares the two processes What are the advantages and disadvantages of both processes? Time: 25 minutes

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Activity 3 Why does our body need energy? Create a graphic organizer with energy in the middle and the various ways our body uses energy that is produced from cellular respiration Time: 20 minutes

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Closing & Homework Complete a graph for the information presented to you on pg. 119 Answer b-f

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Day 6: Alcoholic Fermentation Required Readings: 2.13 Learning Objectives: To appreciate that some microorganisms are useful to humans To recall an equation for anaerobic respiration To understand the industrial production of alcohol and bread

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Vocabulary Fermentation

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Starter How does the process of alcoholic fermentation work? Think of what is produced What are the beginning materials (products)? How is this used to make bread dough rise? Time: 15 minutes

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Activity 1 Move to your lab groups You will design an experiment to see which conditions are most efficient at making bread dough rise Yeast needs water and sugar in order to respire Materials available: flour, yeast, sugar, cold water, hot plates What will be your variable? What are the different things that you could test? Time: 20 minutes

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Activity 1 (contd) Aim: Hypothesis: Materials: Procedure: Variables: Control: Data Table:

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Activity 2 Carry out your investigation Come back after school to check on it to see which condition has risen the most/created the most carbon dioxide Time: 30 minutes

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Activity 3 How is alcoholic fermentation used to make alcohol? Choose either beer or wine and create a story board (with 6 boxes) to show how it is made Time: 15 minutes

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Closing and Homework Type up your investigation plan due

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Day 7: Measurement of Respiration Required Readings: 2.41 Learning Objectives: To explain how it is possible to detect the process of respiration

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Vocabulary Calorie Combustion Incomplete combustion Energy

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Starter How can the rate of respiration be measured? How do we determine the amount of energy in food? Time: 15 minutes

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Activity 1 We are going to measure the number of calories in a peanut Read through the death of a peanut lab before getting started Work through the lab and the questions that correspond with it

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Closing and Homework Death of a peanut lab data and answers for questions Due

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Day 8: Gas Exchange and Breathing Required Readings: 2.42, 2.43 Learning Objectives: To understand why living organisms must obtain oxygen from their environment, and why they must release carbon dioxide to their environment To know the properties of an ideal gas exchange surface To be able to identify the parts of the human gas exchange system To understand the muscular movements involved in the ventilation of the lungs To understand how breathing is affected by exercise

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Vocabulary Respiratory system Ventilation Alveoli Intercostal muscles Diaphragm

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Starter What happens when you breathe in and out? Describe the route air goes from inhalation to exhalation Time: 15 minutes

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Activity 1 Create a model using the modeling clay to show how gas is exchanged in the lungs Include Capillary-alveoli border Where oxygen is Where carbon dioxide is Where the oxygenated blood goes Where the deoxygenated blood comes from Time: 25 minutes

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Activity 2 Create a flow chart that shows blood flow in the human body Include: What is picked up/dropped off in the tissues What is picked up/dropped off in the lungs Direction of oxygenated blood flow Direction of deoxygenated blood flow How gas exchange is accomplished Time: 25 minutes

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Activity 3 Create a table that shows what happens when you breathe in (inhalation) and breathe out (exhalation) Use the balloon to help you with what the lungs do and to visualize what would happen to the structures around the lungs (diaphragm, ribs) Include: What happens to the air? What happens to the intercostal muscles? What happens to the diaphragm? What happens to the lung volume? Time: 20 minutes

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Closing and Homework Write a paragraph to explain what asthma is How is asthma treated? Death of a peanut lab Unit test November 15

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Day 9: Smoking and Diseases of the Cardiovascular System Required Readings: 2.38, 2.44 Learning Objectives: To understand that factors such as lifestyle, diet, and family history may affect the efficiency of the coronary arteries To know that coronary heart disease is one of the major causes of death in the developed world To understand that smoking tobacco is harmful to your health

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Vocabulary Coronary heart disease Lung cancer Risk factor

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Starter How are the respiratory and circulatory system dependent on one another? Why is it a problem for these organs to become diseased? What are some lifestyle factors that can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases? Time: 15 minutes

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Activity 1 Choose a disease from the following list: Emphysema, COPD, coronary heart disease, heart attack, hypertension, lung cancer, or one of your choice Create a brochure with a partner that addresses the following: Risk factors Statistics Causes Symptoms Treatment Ways to prevent it

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Closing and Homework Test Due Tuesday, November 19 Brochure Tuesday, November 19

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Day 10 Heart Dissection + summative assessment