Unit 3 Proper Waste Management

Unit 3

Proper Waste Management Table of Contents

Introduction 3

Essential Questions 4

Review 4

Lesson 3.1: Basics of Waste Management 5

Objectives Warm-up Learn about It Key Points Web Links Check Your Understanding Challenge Yourself

5 5 6

12 13 13 14

Lesson 3.2: Identifying Materials for 5Rs 15

Objective Warm-up Learn about It Examples Key Points Web Links Check Your Understanding Challenge Yourself

15 15 17 21 22 22 22 24

Lesson 3.3: Importance of Proper Waste Management 25

Objective Warm-up Learn about It Key Points Web Links

25 25 26 29 30

Check Your Understanding Challenge Yourself

30 31

Lesson 3.4: Making Useful Products out of Recyclable Materials 32

Objective Warm-up Learn about It Example Key Points Web Links Check Your Understanding Challenge Yourself

32 32 33 35 35 36 36 38

Laboratory Activity 39

Performance Task 40

Self Check 41

Key Words 42

Wrap up 42

Photo Credits 43

References 44

Copyright © 2018 Quipper Limited 2

When materials can no longer serve its primary purpose, they become wastes. They are required to be disposed because they take up space or storing them may be hazardous to health. Some materials, however, may remain useful even though their contents have been used up already. Properly disposing these materials plays an important role in keeping the people healthy and the environment a safe place to live. Understanding the properties of different materials around us and the changes they undergo is important in waste management particularly in identifying materials for the 5R method – recycling, reducing, reusing, recovering, and repairing. In this unit, you will learn how to dispose wastes properly and how to make useful products from waste materials.


At the end of the chapter, the following questions will be answered:

● What are the ways to minimize the waste generated by a person at school and at home?

● What are the 5Rs of waste management? ● Which wastes can be processed using the 5Rs? ● What is the importance of proper waste management? ● What common wastes can be recycled?

● Materials have different properties that make them unique. Some of these properties are:

○ texture – the way that something feels when touched; ○ brittleness – the ability of an object to break easily; ○ hardness – the ability of an object to remain unscratched; the

condition of being rigid and unbreakable; ○ conductivity – the ability of an object to conduct heat and/or

electricity; ○ transparency – the ability of an object to let the light pass through; ○ flexibility – the ability of an object to bend without breaking; ○ absorbent – the ability of an object to absorb or take in another

material; ○ waterproof – the ability of an object to resist water; and ○ biodegradability – the ability of an object to undergo decay process.

● By recognizing the different properties of matter, one can easily categorize the materials if it is useful or harmful.

● Materials undergo changes. The two kinds of changes that materials undergo are physical and chemical change.

○ Physical change involves change in appearance like size, length, or shape.

○ Chemical change involves change not only in the appearance but also in the composition of the material. In chemical change, there is a new material formed.


When you eat an orange, you do not eat the peelings because it is not edible. These peelings become food scrap or trash and need to be thrown already. Commercial products like condiments, detergent, and personal care materials have containers and packaging that become empty when all its contents are used up. How should you dispose the orange peelings and the plastic containers? Is there another way for you to use them? In general, how should you properly manage your waste materials?

How Big is Your Footprint? The waste that people produce have environmental impact and can be measured through waste footprint. In this activity, the amount of waste you produce in a span of 24 hours will be assessed. Procedure:

1. List down all the waste you have generated for the past 24 hours. 2. Enumerate how you think each waste should handled (i.e. thrown

immediately, use again in the future, etc.)

Waste generated How do you handle the waste you have generated?


Waste Management Waste management is the process of collecting, transporting, and disposing of wastes or garbage. It involves minimizing solid wastes by identifying their other possible purposes. The principle of waste management is governed by the 5Rs: reuse, recycle, reduce, recover, and repair. Reduce Reduce means decreasing the amount of waste produced. When wastes generated in every household is reduced, there will be less garbage that goes to the landfill. The most effective way to reduce wastes is to exercise wise buying. Buy what is important and needed only. When going to the grocery or shopping, list down the items that you need to purchase. By doing so, you will prevent yourself from buying unnecessary materials which will generate wastes once consumed. Use your own reusable cloth bags to contain the newly bought grocery items. Bringing reusable cloth bags will lessen the use of plastics or paper bags which can add up to household garbage.

Make it also a habit of bringing a refillable water container instead of buying bottled water. Bringing refillable water containers will lessen the number of plastic bottles that go to the dumpsite and help you save money too. Avoid buying disposable materials like razors, batteries, utensils, plates, and cups. Choose to buy materials that may be used for several times. In this way, less materials are needed to be disposed off after used and more so, less resources are used.


Another way to reduce waste is to unsubscribe from the mailing of the utility bills. As an alternative, opt to have them sent to you via electronic mail (e-mail). The use of e-mail will minimize paper production which is like reducing paper wastes. In writing notes, it is advisable to use both sides of paper. Papers with only one written or printed side may still be used in writing grocery lists or important reminders. Newspapers and magazines may be used as gift wrappers or covers for books and notebooks. Utility bills may also be used to wipe windows or glass panels.

Fig. 3. Use both sides of paper when writing.

Reuse If the production of wastes is unavoidable, find another way for some of it to be useful again. Instead of throwing garbage right away you can use them again for a different purpose, donate, or sell them.

Fig. 4. Glass jars may be used to store food.


Consider the quality and the packaging of the material before buying it to make sure that it is reusable. Buy durable containers that may be used again to contain other materials. The reuse of durable containers will prevent the use of plastics or aluminum foil which can also lessen the amount of waste production. Buy reusable materials instead of purchasing single-use materials. For example, buy batteries that are rechargeable instead of getting batteries that may be used only once. These batteries may repeatedly be used as long as you charge them with the use of electricity. Using rechargeable batteries could lessen the amount of technological wastes in the environment. There are instances that products come with plastic or paper packaging. Instead of throwing the plastic or paper packaging, they may be used as trash bin bags to contain other wastes materials that were segregated already. This may also be done with shopping bags and carton boxes. They are big enough to contain smaller waste materials and can conveniently act as trash bins. Reusing materials does not only reduce waste, but also reduces the initial resources that are used in producing the material. Papers are made from trees. Reusing paper does not only save paper, but also plants and trees.

Fig. 6. Shopping bags and carbon boxes may be reused to contain other materials.


Instead of buying items in sachets or small packets, buy items that are packed in bigger containers. This will not only save you money but also lessen the amount of plastics wastes in the form of sachets. Buying items in refillable bottles will also help reduce the production of waste. Instead of buying new material with the same packaging, you can just refill it.

Fig. 7. It is better to buy

dishwashing soap in bottles instead of sachets.

Recycle If a material is not reusable, recycle it by turning it into another useful material. It is like giving a new purpose to a material that is supposedly meant to be thrown away. The first step in recycling is by providing trash bins that are properly labeled and putting them in a place where most people can see. Properly labeled trash bins will make the disposal and segregation of garbage easier. People who will throw garbage will know where to put their trash based on the bin’s label. Also, garbage collectors will not have a hard time separating the trash according to their kind and use. In the end, selling of the trash to the recycling plants will be done faster since there is no need to segregate them. Recycling is different from the other process of disposing wastes because it is requires a lot of creativity and ingenuity. Sometimes, it is not immediately evident on what other useful materials you can produce from waste materials. Oftentimes, these useful recycled materials may serve very different purpose compared to its original function. You need to squeeze your creative juices and think out of the box to recycle materials and produce useful ones.


https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/legalcode

Fig. 9. Plastic bottles can be used as alternative pots.

Plastic bottles are common household products. When thrown away, they may add up to the many garbage in the landfill that takes hundreds of years before they decay. Therefore, it is important to repurpose them by turning them into a new material with a different use. The picture on the right shows plastic bottles that are converted to a hanging garden, in which the bottles are used as alternative pots. There are many other ways to recycle plastic bottles and lessen the amount of non-biodegradable trash in the environment.

The most common example of recycling is making compost out of kitchen and garden wastes. Since food scraps, dried leaves, twigs, and animal wastes easily decay, putting them in one container with some soil will produce an all-natural fertilizer. Composting lessens the biodegradable trash that goes to the landfill and at the same time, helps save money by not spending money to buy commercial fertilizers. Since the wastes naturally decay, they do not smell that bad compared to nonbiodegradable materials.

Fig. 10. Food wastes can be decomposed in compost pits.


Repair Materials that are reusable sometimes wear out and becomes broken. If that happens, those materials should be repaired and not thrown away. To repair means to fix something that is broken and make it useful again. Many household materials may be repaired once broken.

Fig. 11. A shoemaker repairing old shoes.

Instead of buying a new pair of shoes, find ways first on how it can be repaired. Visit an experienced shoemaker to check how it can be made useful again. It will save you from spending money and at the same time, lessen the possibility of generating wastes. Repair may also be done to broken appliances, furniture, and other materials. There might be ways on how to save them, save money and save the earth from more wastes.

Ripped clothes may be repaired by stitching them together. Instead of throwing them away and buying a new one, it would be better to fix them first to reduce the possibility of increasing household wastes. Longer pants can be trimmed to the appropriate lengths, while rips can be added to ripped pants as a fashion design.

Fig. 12. Stitching can be done to repair ripped clothes.


Recover If materials cannot be reused, recycled, or repaired, then it may be recovered in the form of energy. All wastes that go straight to the landfill possess an energy that may be retrieved with the help of technology.

Fig. 13. An incinerator facility.

An incinerator is a facility where garbage and other waste materials are burned. In this facility, the burnt garbage is converted to ash, heat, and gas. The heat and some gases produced are then converted to usable energy like electricity and biogas.

● Waste management is the process of collecting, transporting, and disposing of wastes or garbage. It involves minimizing solid wastes by identifying their other possible purposes.

○ Reduce means decreasing the amount of waste produced. ○ Reuse means to find another way for the material to be useful again. ○ Recycle means turning a non-reusable material into another useful

material. ○ Repair means to fix something that is broken to make it useful again. ○ Recover means to retrieve energy in a material that is no longer

reusable, recyclable or repairable.


For further readings on waste management, you can check the following web links:

What can you do to lessen plastic waste? Green Education Foundation. 2017. “Tips to Use Less Plastic” http://www.greeneducationfoundation.org/nationalgreenweeksub/waste-reduction-tips/tips-to-use-less-plastic.html

Check how a materials recovery facility sorts recyclable materials by watching this video. Re3org. 2011. “How does a Material Recovery Facility Work?” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7CFE5tD1CCI

A. Identify the type of waste management being described in each statement.

Write reuse, reduce, recycle, repair, or recover. 1. It is giving a new purpose to a waste material instead of throwing it right

away. 2. This is minimizing the amount of waste materials produced by buying only

what is important and needed. 3. This is getting the energy from the wastes thrown in the landfill with help

of technology. 4. It is finding another way for a material to be useful again. 5. It is fixing first a broken material before deciding to throw it. 6. This practice may involve buying materials with packaging that can be used

again for storage and other purposes. 7. An example of this practice is bringing a broken cellphone in a shop for

fixing before buying a new one. 8. This practice involves an incinerator facility. 9. An example of this practice is avoiding disposable containers such as

styrofoam cups and paper plates. 10. It is the method involved in reprocessing used paper to make a new one

instead of using wood from trees to produce new paper.


http://www.greeneducationfoundation.org/nationalgreenweeksub/waste-reduction-tips/tips-to-use-less-plastic.html



https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7CFE5tD1CCI

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7CFE5tD1CCI

B. Identify whether the following statements are true or false. 1. Recover involves the collecting, transporting, and disposing of wastes. 2. A recycling facility burns waste to harness energy. 3. Applying glue on the torn sole of a shoe is an example of repair. 4. Reduce involves decreasing the amount of waste produced by buying or

consuming products that are necessary. 5. Waste management helps in minimizing solid wastes by identifying other

purpose for the waste material. 6. Recover is the waste management of choice when the waste cannot be

reduced, reused, or recycled. 7. Asking for a paper bag instead of a plastic bag in groceries is an example of

recycling. 8. Broken furnitures should go directly to incinerators if broken. 9. Buying food in smaller packages in larger quantity is more preferable than

buying the same product in larger package and smaller quantity. 10. Reuse involves using a material with different purpose than what it was

intended to.

Answer the following questions.

1. An important step in waste management is segregation. It is the practice of using different garbage bins for different kind of waste such as recyclables, biodegradables, etc. Discuss the importance of segregation in waste management.

2. While incinerators are used to recover energy, there are certain issues regarding its impact to the environment. Outline one disadvantage of incinerators.

3. Hand-me-downs are used objects that are passed on from one person to another. This is often practices between siblings, where used objects such as school supplies or gadgets by the older siblings is given to the younger ones. Discuss the advantages of hand-me-downs.

4. One method of recycling employed in certain establishments is water recycling. Discuss how water may be recycled.

5. Discuss the local ordinances in your community that deals with waste management.


There is a lot of waste materials generated every day. Some of these waste materials could have been prevented if people tried to reduce waste from the very start. What kind of waste materials may be reduced, reused, recycled, repaired, or recovered?

Where Do Wastes Go From Here? In the previous chapter, the 5Rs of waste management were discussed. How can this be applied in waste materials typically found in school? In this activity, you will be able to exercise your ability to do the 5R of waste management by looking at common waste materials found in your school Study the following photos of common wastes material found in your school.

paper

pencil cup plastic bottles


food bowls

old shoes

glass bottles

tissue rolls

crayons crushed cans

Follow the procedure outlined below.

1. Grab a pair. 2. You will be asked to pick one of these common waste materials found in your

school. What waste practice do you think is the best for your chosen waste material? Explain your answer by citing specific ways on how will you do the R practice you have chosen.

3. Try to ask your classmates if there are other practices which they think is better than the R practice you have chosen. What other ways can you do in minimizing this wastes.

Guide Questions:

1. Which of the wastes materials presented above is the most prevalent in your school?

2. Which of the 5Rs are actually being practiced in your school? Are these practices applicable to waste management and disposal of these school waste materials?

3. Identify other wastes that are found in school which is not listed in this activity. What possible waste management is applicable to the wastes identified?


Identifying Materials for 5Rs Recognizing the different properties of material will make it easier to identify which materials may be used for any of the 5R methods. Durable materials are best to consider in buying new products. Cloth bags used for shopping may be used for several times without wearing away. By doing so, the use of plastics and paper bags to contain grocery items will be lessened.

reusable cloth bag hair and skin products Fig. 14. Cloth bags such as shown in the figure are reusable. Also, buying hair and

skin products in large containers rather than in sachets can also help reduce waste. Products contained in big, transparent containers such as plastic or glass bottles are also good to consider in reducing waste production. Products packed in big containers use less packaging compare to materials that are packed separately in small sachets. Therefore, buying these products minimizes the chances of adding more household wastes. Transparent containers also allow you to see the contents of the product. This will prompt you to replenish its contents instead of buying a new one. Though some containers, even if they are not transparent, may still be refillable. You just need to check its content from time to time to know when to replenish it.


Worn out clothes or those that are beyond repair may be reused instead of throwing them right away. Clothes, especially those that are made up of cotton, are absorbent. Therefore, such materials may be converted to rags. Newspaper and utility bills may not be as absorbent as clothes, but they can be used to dry and wipe glass windows or glass panels.

Fig. 15. Worn out clothes maybe used as absorbents in cleaning cars.

Metal cans are mostly made up of aluminum which is malleable. They can be easily flattened into thin sheets. Since metals are malleable, it is easy for metals to be recycled into other useful materials. Recycling plants flatten metals into sheets and make them into new beverage cans, aluminum foil, pie pans, or even license plate frames. Pull tabs of soda cans are often collected and donated to recycling plants that make wheelchairs.

Fig. 16. Metals can be easily flattened into thin sheets and recycled.


Biodegradable materials are objects that can be broken down or decomposed by microorganisms such as bacteria. Example of such wastes are kitchen and garden wastes. They may be used in making compost. Other materials like soiled paper, wood shavings, and shredded cardboards are also recyclable.

Fig. 17. Electrical appliances maybe repaired if the broken parts are replaceable.

Damaged materials such as wooden furniture and electrical appliances may be repaired only if broken parts are replaceable or can be purchased somewhere else. Most electrical appliances are covered with warranties. This means that sellers provide assistance in fixing the damaged appliance for a certain period. If the appliance was damaged beyond the warranty period, call a professional electrician to fix it. What if the appliance is irreparable? You may not be able to repair it, but you can sell some of its parts! Some working parts may be reused with other compatible appliances. If not, it can be sold to recycling plants to recover useful parts such as steel and iron. Old furniture may be refurbished instead of replacing them right away. Some sofas, chairs, and bed may be upholstered to make them look new again. Broken wooden furniture may be fixed by replacing its broken part and making them sturdier. If wooden furniture cannot be fixed anymore, some of its parts may be used for other purposes. They can be made into hanging shelves, smaller tables or stools, or even fuel for cooking. The burnt wood may be used as a charcoal too!


Fig. 18. A worker doing upholstery work on a sofa chair.

Waste materials that go to landfill are those that are disposed already after exhausting all efforts to reuse, recycle, or repair them. Such waste materials are covered with soil to speed up their decaying process. However, some waste materials that would take a longer time to decay are retrieved from the landfill and transferred to incinerators for burning. By doing so, the energy from such waste materials may be recovered once they are burnt.


https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/de/legalcode

Plastics are nonbiodegradable materials that comprise most of the household wastes produced every day. If not disposed properly, they will add up to the tons of plastics disposed in the landfill and will wait for hundreds of years to decay. How should you manage plastic wastes?

1. Refrain from buying products contained in plastic packaging. As much as possible, buy products in reusable containers to avoid production of plastic wastes. If unavoidable, buy products in bigger with minimal design packages than those products in smaller, individual wrappers.

2. Most plastic bottles used for sodas, water, or juices are meant for single-use only. Reusing the said bottles may have an effect on one’s health. However, if the product label indicates that its container may be reused, do not dispose it right away. Reuse it by refilling it with the same content it used to have or find other ways on how it can be made useful again. If the product label does not indicate anything that says it is reusable, still do not throw it. You can collect all plastic bottles and sell them to junk shops, which will sell them to recycling plants. You can also think of a new product to make using the used bottles.

3. Instead of buying plastics to contain

food products, purchase reusable containers. Refrain from disposable plastic utensils, cups, or plates to lessen the amount of your household wastes.

4. Do not throw plastic wrappers or bags immediately. Find ways to reuse them. Plastic bags may serve as trash bins. Clean plastic bags may also be used for shopping or when going to the wet market.


● Recognizing the different properties of material will make it easier to identify which materials may be used for any of the 5R methods.

● Some properties of a material that can be considered for any of the 5R methods are durable, big and transparent, ability to absorb liquid, biodegradable and replaceable.

For further readings, you can check the following web links:

What is a “zero waste” lifestyle? One Green Planet. 2014. “10 Ways to Adopt to a Zero Waste Lifestyle.” https://www.onegreenplanet.org/animalsandnature/10-ways-to-adopt-a-zero-waste-lifestyle/

Watch this video for tips on living “zero waste” Lavandaire. 2017. “10 ways to Reduce Waste | Zero Waste for Beginners. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OagTXWfaXEo

A. Name the property of the material described in each statement that makes them suitable for reuse or recycle. Choose from the list of words given below

Replaceable Malleable Durable

Absorbent Biodegradable

1. It refers to the ability of a material to absorb water. 2. This property refers to transforming a broken part of an object (e.g.

electronics) to a functional part.


https://www.onegreenplanet.org/animalsandnature/10-ways-to-adopt-a-zero-waste-lifestyle/



https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OagTXWfaXEo


3. This property refers to the ability of a material to resist wear and tear. 4. It is a property of metals to be hammered into different shapes without

breaking. 5. It refers to materials that can be broken down by bacteria. 6. This property is the basis for making compost from food wastes. 7. This is the practice you have done when you bought a new battery for your

laptop instead of buying a new whole unit. 8. This is the property of ecobags which allows them to be used repeatedly for

shopping. 9. It is the property responsible for using old or worn out cloth as rag.

10. It is the property of tin cans that made them recyclable. B. Identify the 5R method applied in each of the given situation. Write reuse,

reduce, recycle, repair, or recover. 1. After finishing its content, Sheila washed the ice cream tub and used it as a

sewing kit. 2. Alex brings his own water jug in basketball practice instead of buying

bottled water. 3. Cliff brought his broken DVD to the appliance store where he bought it to

find out if it still covered under warranty. 4. Andrea place an empty container in their kitchen to collect food scraps that

will be used for composting. 5. John collects all empty plastic bottles in their school and sells it to the junk

shop. 6. Emilia had her phone’s LCD broken. Instead of buying a new phone, she

had her LCD fixed instead. 7. Jon only eats food that he knew he can eat. 8. Athena noticed that her sister has a notebook with a only a few pages used.

She removed the page with writings and used the remaining pages for her science subject.

9. While cooking rice, Aaron used the rice washing to water the plants instead of flushing it in the sink.

10. Stacy used her old clothes as rag instead of throwing it away.



1. Takaw mata is a habit of getting more food that a person can eat, because the food served look enticing. Outline the negative impact of this habit and how it can be solved.

2. E-waste refers to electronic waste, or wastes that come from discarded electronics. Discuss the negative effect of e-wastes and suggest a way to minimize them.

3. Aside from compost, what other way can a food waste be put into use? 4. Some people burn leaves (siga) after sweeping it off the ground instead of

disposing them. Discuss the negative impact of this practice and propose a proper waste management for this kind of waste.

5. Identify three waste that is usually found in the classroom that may be minimized by 5Rs.


There are different ways to manage the tons of waste produced at home and in the community. Some families make it a habit of segregating their trash in support to local ordinances that require every household to separate non-biodegradable from biodegradable garbage before collection. Some business establishments sell reusable shopping bags at discounted price to lessen the use of paper bags. But have you ever wondered what will happen if these wastes are not managed well? Why is it important to practice the 5Rs in waste management?

Word Search: Finding 5Rs Waste management is important to minimize waste generated by a person. What is the impact of these wastes in the environment and to people? Look for these terms in the word search puzzle below: repair, reuse, recover, reduce, environment, hazard, pollution and waste. Then, try to define each term. Can you find all of them?


Importance of Waste Management Practicing reduce is important because it lessens wastes on the planet. Being mindful on buying what is necessary minimizes the amount of wastes that is produced by using a certain product. Since there will be more stocks of products in the market, there are fewer chances of producing more of it. This saves money and energy used in making different materials. The idea of reducing waste production at the very beginning preserves the natural resources. Most products that are being sold in the market comes from the environment. For example, paper comes from trees. Subscribing to e-mails instead of paper mails to receive utility bills lessen paper production which also means that there will be fewer trees to cut just to produce paper.

Fig. 21. Glass bottle containers may still be used as storage instead of throwing

them right away.


Similar to reducing, reusing materials lessens the wastes production. It is important to practice reuse as it prevents the increase of wastes in the landfill. Waste materials do not go to the landfill when you do not throw things right away and use them for other purposes. Reusing materials allows you to save money too since you do not need to buy new things.

Fig. 22. A handbag made of recycled materials.

Aside from it lessens waste production, recycling is significant because it can be a livelihood or a way of earning money in order to live. Most communities have livelihood program that aims to support families with low income. Some of the livelihood programs include making of new materials out of trash. Such recycled products are even exported to other countries which produces higher income for the community.

Fig. 23. Egg and basket origami made of colored magazines.


Recycling also strengthens people’s creativity and resourcefulness. People who recycle deal with supposedly garbage materials which they have to turn to something useful and different from what they were before. Equipped with creativity and resourcefulness, they are able to create materials that are beyond one’s imagination. Just like other waste management methods, repairing materials instead of throwing them right away lessen waste production. Repairing prevents you from buying a new material and accumulating more trash when something is damaged. It also saves money because buying spare parts for a damaged material is less expensive than buying an entirely new one. Like recycling, repairing can be a source of income too. Electricians, machinists, carpenters, and repairmen receive payment whenever they repair appliances, machines, or furniture that were broken. This helps them increase their income and support their daily living.

Fig. 24. Repair broken bicycles before buying new ones.

Practicing recover allows us to extract the maximum value of trash in the landfill by getting the energy from it. Through incineration or burning of garbage, the energy in form of heat may be converted into other usable forms of energy. In this way, the garbage is lessen and at the same time, people are benefitting from the energy recovered from burnt trash.


● It is important to practice proper waste management to decrease the amount of waste on Earth.

● Reducing consumption does not only reduce waste but it may also help in preserving natural resources.

● Reusing prevents the increase of wastes in the landfill. ● Recycling encourages creativity and may be a source of livelihood for some. ● Repairing broken objects instead of buying new ones may also help in

saving money. ● The heat released from the incineration of wastes and garbages can be

recovered and used as an alternative source of energy.


Learn the importance of proper waste management on the environment on on people’s health through the following links:

● What is the effect of proper waste management on public health?

Open Learn Create. 2018. “Public Health Importance of Waste Management.” http://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=205&section=1.4

● What happens if we don’t manage our waste? Earth Reform Org. 2012. Why Recycle? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5xIqz31x9yo

A. Identify if the statement tells the importance of practicing 5Rs of waste

management. Put a check on the correct box.

Yes No

1. Reducing increase the amount of waste materials on planet.

2. Repairing broken materials saves you from buying new ones.

3. Recycling can be a livelihood or a way of earning money in order to live.

4. The energy recovered from burning trash may be converted to other usable forms of energy.

5. Reusing materials allows waste materials to go straight to the landfill.

6. Incinerators are useful as it leaves no trace of any solid waste.

7. Recycling paper may help minimize the demand for trees used in making new paper.


http://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=205&section=1.4

http://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=205&section=1.4


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5xIqz31x9yo

8. Reusing plastic bottles for drinking is more hygienic.

9. Accepting hand-me-down dress is more stylish than buying a new one.

10. Recycling is time-consuming and costly.

B. Identify the following statements as true or false.

1. Recovering materials may reduce the consumption of natural resources. 2. Excessive wastes in the environment has no health impact. 3. Repairing gives livelihood to electricians, mechanics, etc. 4. Recycling inhibits the creativity of a person. 5. Choosing electronic subscriptions (e.g. emails) over paper subscription

may reduce the consumption of trees. 6. Repairing a broken object is more costly than buying a new one. 7. Reducing consumption may help preserve natural resources used as

raw material. 8. Recover allow to maximize the value of trash by extracting energy. 9. Repairing objects encourages creativity.

10. Recycling wastes is limited to school only.


1. Describe how can practicing the 5Rs help save the environment? 2. What do you think will happen if people will not practice waste management?

Why? 3. If you are to create a rule in your school about waste management, what

rules will you impose? How will you make the people follow your rule? 4. Production of juice produces large amount of fruit peel as waste. The fruit

peels are usually recycled, usually as source of pectin, an ingredient in making jellies and jams. Why is recycling important in industrial processes such as the production of juice?

5. What are nonrenewable resources? How is practicing 5Rs help in minimizing the depletion of non-renewable resources?


There are many benefits in practicing the 5Rs in waste management. The reduced amount of waste materials produced in every household protects the environment. Proper waste management also provides an opportunity for people to save money, resources, and energy. In particular, it helps people to have an extra income through the different livelihood programs that involve recycling. Different useful products are created out of rubbish materials. What are some useful products that you can make out of recyclable materials?

Recycling Reenactment Game It’s not enough just to know the ways of 5R. They say that actions are better than words. This simple activity will help you reenact the different ways of handling and disposing wastes that you have learned from the previous discussions.

Materials: ● tin can ● fruit peel ● magazine ● paper ● plastic bottle

● used wood ● old furniture ● old electronics ● other drama props and

materials

Procedure: 1. The class will be grouped in to two. 2. Each group will pick three recyclable materials from the list. 3. They will think of how the material can be recycle. They will act out how they

will use the new material. 4. The other team will guess the new material.


Materials for Recycling Plastic bottles are one of the many nonbiodegradable trash that is fast accumulating in the environment. Since it is plastic in nature, it takes hundreds of years before it decays. Most often, it goes to the ocean and affects the lives of the marine animals. But you can make something useful out of plastic bottles before throwing them.

Fig. 21. Christmas tree and angel sculpture made of plastic bottles.

One is by converting used plastic bottles to art installations such as Christmas trees. Wash the plastic bottles and cups and let it dry for a while. Afterward, you can arrange the bottles and attached them together according to your chosen product and design. These recycled materials may be used as an additional display at home. It will also lessen the expenses on buying home decors. Another waste material that is easy to recycle is paper. Paper products may be converted to so many useful things. Below are some examples of products that can be made from paper.


Fig. 25. Some examples of paper product recycling. Old newspapers may be rolled to make hard tubes. These paper tubes are weaved seamlessly to form the base and the sides of a basket. Paint or varnish is applied to its surface to ensure its durability.

Colorful magazines may be made into accessories like bracelets, earrings, or necklaces. Just cut the magazine into triangular strips and roll it on a toothpick or any slender stick. The size of the paper beads depends on the shape and size of the paper you are rolling. Apply glue to the surface of the rolled paper and let it dry for a while. You can also apply varnish to make it glossy. Remove it from the skewer and connect the paper beads together to make your own accessory.


Plastic sachets are often discarded without realizing how else it can be made useful. In some communities, this trash is converted into bags. In fact, this product is even exported abroad because of its unique appearance and functionality. How can you make a bag out of plastic sachets?

First, collect enough number of plastic sachets for the size of bag that you want to create. The number of plastic sachets needed depends on the size of the sachet and size of the bag to be made. Then, clean the sachets thoroughly. Scrub it with soap and water especially if you got them from a trash bin. Cut a large slit at the bottom of each sachet to clean its inside. Set it aside and let it dry. Once dry, flatten it by putting some heavy books on top of it. Let it stay for few hours. While waiting, try to visualize or draw the design or shape of the bag that you want to create.

Get ready to sew the plastic sachets one by one. Place the one sachet to the side of another then stitch them together. Repeat the process until you achieve the size that you want for the body. Then, stitch some more sachets at the bottom part of the body to form its base. Add handles according to the length that you want. You can use old bag straps or used cloth strips to form a handle.

● Recycling is also another way of earning money by creating new materials out of recyclable ones. It also strengthens people's creativity and resourcefulness.

● Recyclable materials such as plastic bottles and paper products can be converted to useful products.


For further readings, you can check the following web links:

What are the benefits of recycling? Friends of Earth. 2018. '9Benefits of Recycling” https://friendsoftheearth.uk/natural-resources/9-benefits-recycling

Watch this video to find more recycling ideas. MissDebbieDIY. 2018. “5 Awesome Recycle Crafts Idea That You Shouldn’t Miss” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qK9OOtRd9HM

A. Identify the materials used in the following recycled materials.

1.

5.

2.

6.


https://friendsoftheearth.uk/natural-resources/9-benefits-recycling

https://friendsoftheearth.uk/natural-resources/9-benefits-recycling

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qK9OOtRd9HM

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qK9OOtRd9HM


https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/legalcode

3.

7.

4.

8.

B. Sort the following materials whether it can be recycled or not. Then, for those materials which can be recycled, suggest a way on how these materials can become useful again.

Materials

paper sanitary napkin plastic bottles used batteries

used diaper

leftover meat old notebooks ripped jeans old clothes paper cups

Can be recycled Can not be recycled




1. Rubber tire is one of the most difficult to dispose as it is nonbiodegradable, persists for a very long time, and produces a very foul odor when burned. Suggest a possible recycling activity for rubber tires.

2. E-waste is one of the emerging waste that poses threat on the environment an on humans. Which waste management practice is the most suitable in managing used electronics?

3. Compost is one way of recycling. Why is meat not suitable for compost? 4. Recycling is one of the most promoted waste management practice. Give a

situation when recycling is not suitable. 5. Outline the difference in the reason for recycling plastic products and paper

products.


Activity 3.1 Preparation of Compost from Fruit Peel

Objectives At the end of this laboratory activity, the students should be able to:

● to prepare compost from fruit peel; and ● to measure the effect of using compost on plant growth.

Materials and Equipment

● fruit peel ● used ice cream tub

● loam soil ● blender ● two used glass bottle

Procedure

1. Blend the fruit peel in a blender. 2. Fill the empty ice cream tub with soil until the tub is one fifths full. 3. Add the blended fruit peel on the top of the soil. 4. Fill the ice cream tub with soil. Cover the tub. 5. Place the tub under the sun for seven days.

Waste Disposal Discard unused compost in biodegradable bin.

Data and Results Describe, in detail, the appearance of the compost. Differentiate the soil before the compost was prepared and one week after the compost was prepared. Guide Questions

1. What substances is in the soil compost that make it more suitable in growing plants?

2. Design an experiment to compare the growth of a plant on soil with compost and on normal soil.


Back to the Future Goal:

● Your goal is to inform the people about 5Rs to decrease the waste produced by a person and to minimize the negative effect of wastes on the environment.

Role:

● You are a scientist who witnessed the destruction of the earth because of excessive waste.

Audience:

● The people living in the present. Situation:

● You are a scientist in a distant future and you witnessed the destruction of the environment because of excessive waste. You want to reverse the catastrophe and you travelled in the present to warn the people and convince them to practice proper waste management and to educate them about the 5Rs. The challenge, however, is that the technology you have in the future is not yet discovered in the present. You need to work on available resources in the present earth.

Product, Performance, and Purpose:

● Produce a poster that promotes 5Rs, the benefits of proper waste management, and the possible scenario if proper waste management is not followed. Make sure that the poster is informative, persuasive and catchy. You can use your learnings from the discussions in this unit and previous related discussions.


Standards and Criteria for Success Your performance will be graded by the following rubric.

Criteria Below Expectations, 0% to 49%

Needs Improvement

50% to 74%

Successful Performance 75% to 99%

Exemplary Performance

100%

Discussion of 5Rs Topic discussed is not related to waste management.

Not all the 5Rs were discussed. Some of the 5Rs were not accurately presented in the poster..

All the 5Rs were included in the poster, with minimal errors.

All the 5Rs were discussed properly and presented in an organized manner.

Poster Presentation

No poster was produced.

The poster was done but was incoherent and doesn’t follow any logical flow.

The poster was neat and presented properly. Small improvements may be incorporated.

The poster was presented in a neat and organized manner.

After learning about proper waste management,

Check I can…

Differentiate the 5Rs of waste management

Identify the materials that can be processed for 5Rs

Identify the importance of proper waste management

Identify materials that can be recycled


Incinerator This is a facility where garbage are burned. The heat

produced may be used as an energy source.

Recover It is the use of waste to generate energy through an incinerator.

Recycle It is the process of converting a non-reusable material into another useful material.

Reduce It is a waste management practice where the amount of waste produced is decreased

Repair It is the practice of fixing a broken object instead of throwing it away and replacing it with a new one.

Reuse It is a practice of using the an object again instead throwing it right away.

Waste Management It is the process of collecting, transporting, and disposing of waste or garbage

Proper Waste Management


Fig. 9. Nickel Battery by Kropsoq is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia

Commons. Fig 11. Afwasmiddel Una Aldi by Onderwijsgek is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via

Wikimedia Commons. Fig 12. NEA recycling bins, Orchard Road byTerence Ong is licensed under CC

BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons. Fig 13. Bottle flower pots by Celinebj is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 via Wikimedia

Commons. Fig 19. Fotothek df n-33 0000081 Polsterer by Deutsche Fotothek is licensed under

CC BY-SA 3.0 DE via Wikimedia Commons. Pacific Garbage Patch by National Ocean Service via NOAA Fig 26. Christmas Tree of Plastic Bottles by PauloMSimoes is licensed under CC

BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons Fig 26. Angel of Plastic 1 by PauloMSimoes is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via

Wikimedia Commons Recycled paper necklaces, by Orbitrasen is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 via

Wikimedia Commons "Snow" purse standing by Rayela Art is licensed under CC BY 2.0 via Wikimedia

Commons Another Anome by erika g. is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 via Wikimedia Commons


https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nickel_Battery.jpg


https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page


https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Afwasmiddel_Una_Aldi.JPG

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Onderwijsgek



https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NEA_recycling_bins,_Orchard_Road.JPG

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Terence






https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bottle_flower_pots.jpg

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Celinebj




https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fotothek_df_n-33_0000081_Polsterer.jpg

http://www.deutschefotothek.de/



https://aamboceanservice.blob.core.windows.net/oceanservice-prod/facts/garbagepatch1.jpg

https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/

http://www.noaa.gov/


https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Christmas_Tree_of_Plastic_Bottles.JPG

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:PauloMSimoes




https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Angel_of_Plastic_1.JPG

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:PauloMSimoes




https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Recycled_paper_necklaces.jpg

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Orbitrasen



https://www.flickr.com/photos/rayela/4745723685/in/photolist-8eqmfh-8eqmhN-8en5nt-8en5Jp-8en5Hr-8en5ja-8eqmCf-yzPteT-oYC7QV-xC6c9d-ywE9Ph-xBXf8q-yhnPh9-yhvxJu-yhubAu-yy2hCb-yy2h5C-xCcN5H-xC4mTN-yy9Zgm-8eqmgQ-8eqmhm-7CMMVd-8en5jP-btT7UZ-xC6gft-yhsU5h-e5dsC8-4jKxjh

https://www.flickr.com/photos/rayela/





https://www.flickr.com/photos/esoterika/5264933355/

https://www.flickr.com/photos/esoterika/




Peters, Joseph M. and Stout, David L. 2011. Science in Elementary Edition,

Methods, Concepts, and Inquiries. Boston: Pearson Education, Inc., U.S. Handwerker, Mark J. 2004. Science Essentials Elementary Level. New York:

Jossey-Bass Inc., U.S. Gega, Peter C. and Peters, Joseph M. 1998. Concepts and Experiences in

Elementary School Science. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc., U.S.

National Ocean Service. “What is the Great Pacific Garbage Patch?”. Accessed May 28, 2018. https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/garbagepatch.html


Unit 3 Proper Waste Management

Documents

Transcript of Unit 3 Proper Waste Management