Unit 3 Pre Civil War

Land SettlementsLouisiana PurchaseMissouri Compromise Land of CottonIndustrial Revolution

Louisiana Purchase◦New ruler of France Napoleon

Bonaparte wanted to build and expand a French empire Hoped to regain French land in North

America In 1800 in a secret treaty was signed

giving Louisiana and New Orleans back to France

◦Access to New Orleans was vital to American commerce Farmers in the west needed to ship their

goods down the river 1802, port of New Orleans was closed to

American shipping

Lewis and Clark Expedition

Lewis and Clark Expedition ◦ Americans knew very little about the people and

land of this new territory ◦ Didn’t even know the exact size and boundaries

they purchased ◦ Jefferson also wanted to see if there was a river

route to the Pacific Ocean◦ Lewis and Clark

Jefferson sent Meriwether Lewis was Jefferson’s secretary and William Clark was an experience frontiersman

Main Goal was to reach the Pacific Ocean Left St Louis May 1804- returned September 106 Along the way they acquired a valuable guide: a young

Shoshone woman, Sacagawea Able to document survey of the land, rivers, plants,

animals and people

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=29T_40F_Urc&feature=related

Missouri CompromiseMissouri Compromise

◦1819 Missouri applied to join the Union, but there were 22 states already in the Union: 11 free states and 11 slave states In the North slavery was illegal and in the

South slavery was legal Adding Missouri would make it uneven

◦Compromise Missouri added as a slave state, Maine added

as a free state Banned slavery in the Northern part of the

Louisiana Territory north of 36 30 parallel

Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution-replacement

of human power with machine power◦Began in Great Britain’s textile

industry(clothing industry) Late 1700’s a series of machines were

invented that used power from running water and steam engines to spin and weave cloth

British made it illegal for anyone with knowledge of industrial machines to leave the country

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Efq-aNBkvc

◦Samuel Slater Worked at a textile mill in Great Britain

and boarded a ship dressed as a farm laborer

Known as the father of the Industrial Revolution

Built a textile mill on a river which became the first US textile mill

◦Urbanization Industrialization leads to urbanization People left the farm for the cities to work

in mills and factories

Transportation RevolutionTransportation and

Communication ◦Roads and Canals

National Road was built in 1811: 800 miles from Cumberland Maryland to Vandalia Illinois

◦Erie Canal-1825 363 mile long canal connected the Great

lakes to the Hudson River and to the Atlantic Ocean

Cost of shipping and the shipping time decreased

Led to New York City becoming a gateway for domestic and foreign trade

◦Steamboat 1807 Robert Fulton started the first steamboat

service with his steamboat the Clermont

◦Railroads 1840 there were 3,000 miles of track in the

country Led to the decline in the canal craze

◦Telegraph 1840 Samuel Morse patented the first telegraph-

sends messages through electricity in wires Telegraph wires would soon crisscross the nation Industrial Revolution was accompanied by a

transportation revolution and a communication revolution

King Cotton King Cotton

◦Cotton gin: invented by Eli Whitney allowed a worker to clean 50 times more cotton than by hand Demand for cotton was high in the south both at

home and abroad With the textile industries booming in the North

cotton was needed

◦Combination of the new cotton gin and the huge demand for cotton encouraged farmers to begin growing more and more cotton Growing cotton was a way to get rich very quickly Such a huge part of the economy in the South it was

known as “King Cotton”

◦Spread of Slavery Growing cotton was a very labor intensive

enterprise Farmers turned to enslaved African

Americans to raise and pick the cotton As the farmers became wealthier, the size

of their plantation grew as well and so was the need for labor

Planters knew that the more slaves they used, the more cotton they could grow and the more money they make, making it a powerful incentive to maintain slavery in the South

Differences in the North and South ◦Northern economy was centered

around the Industrial Revolution and trade while the South focused on agriculture Urbanization spread much more rapidly

in the North Southerners saw little need for labor

saving devices

◦Largest difference was about slavery Vital part of the Southern Economy Northerners viewed it as an evil