Unit-3 Outcomes of Democracy SM

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CLASS X- POLITCAL SCIENCE

STUDENTS MANUAL

UNIT: III- OUTCOMES OF DEMOCRACY

CONTENT:

Accountable, Responsive an !e"iti#ate $ove%n#ent&

Reuction o' ine(ualit) an *ove%t)&

Acco##oation o' social ive%sit)&

Di"nit) an '%eeo# o' citi+en

Conclusion

SCO*E

The aim of this chapter is to build an understanding that right, freedom, equality &

accountability which are essential components of democracy provide the more

suitable conditions for people to enjoy a life with dignity and economic prosperity.

However in terms of outcome the idea of democracy does not bear the same fruits inall democratic systems. This is because the availability of political rights, education,

economic opportunities and will of political leaders varies in all democratic countries

e.g. democratic system in US and in western !uropean countries li"e U#,

$ermany, %rance etc. have been more successful in providing dignified life to their

citiens. Same is true for Scandinavian countries namely 'enmar", (orway, %inland

etc. and also for )apan whereas democracies li"e *angladesh lies on the other

e+treme. However democratic system in ndia, *rail and South frica has produced

mi+ed outcomes. lthough democracy offers opportunities for citiens for

participation and ta"ing part in policy ma"ing but its outcomes cannot be ta"en as for

granted because every country has different group of peoples and they influence

public policies in different manner. So outcome of democracy in different countries

are different.

'emocracy as a form of government is a rule based on the consent of the people.t

implies that the ultimate authority of the government is vested in the common people

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so that the policy is made to conform to the will of the people and to serve the

interest of the people.

Tis capte% is o%"ani+e as 'ollos

Section- .- -ecent trends in democratisation and recognied the need to evaluate the

functioning of 'emocracy.

Section- / -ole played by democracy in reduction of /overty.

Section -0- cquire "nowledge as to how democracy helps in accommodation of social

diversity.

Section-1 nalyses the conditions under which democracies promote dignity and freedom

of individuals.

Section- 2 'raws conclusions and spells out implications for policy.

OUTCOMES OF DEMOCRACY

ACCOUNTA3!E, RES*ONSI4E AND !E$ITIMATE $O4ERNMENT

Accountable 'emocracy ensures that decision ma"ing will be based on norms and

procedures and if anybody wants to "now if the decision is ta"en through the correct

procedure or not he0she can find it out because in democracy people have the right

and means to e+amine the procedure of decision ma"ing. This is "nown as

Transparency. (ondemocratic government does not provide this feature. So, if we

are trying to find out the 1utcomes of democracy we must accept that democracy is

a type of government that follows procedure and is acceptable to the people. t also

develops a mechanism for citiens to ta"e part in decision ma"ing.

How can we say that democracy produces an accountable government2

3Accountabilitymeans that if you are accountable to someone for something that

you do then you are responsible for it and must be prepared to justify your actions.

'emocracy produces a responsible government because public officials can finallybe held accountable for their actions. t further creates condition for responsible

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government in the sense that its actions are open to scrutiny and criticism by the

legislative that has ability to remove it from power.

Government responsiveness to mass preferences is fundamental to most

conceptions of democracy. f someone or something is responsive then he0she

reacts quic"ly and favorably. n this matter democratic government is always ready

to react quic"ly and in favor of the people than any other type of the government.

4e all e+pect that the democratic government would be attentive to the needs and

demands of the people and it should be largely free of corruption but it is not fair to

e+pect such a high degree of quality because other forms of the government are also

not free of corruption as 5r.)awahar 6al (ehru says 7'emocracy is good. say thisbecause other systems are worse8.

'emocratic government is certainly better than its alternatives. This government is

legitimate and it is people9s own government. That is why everybody supports the

idea of democracy.

!e"iti#ac): The concept of legitimacy entails justification in terms of the prescribed

norms and procedures. The term 36egitimacy9 has been derived from the 6atin wordlegitimarameaning 3to declare lawful9. t broadly means rightfulness to secure

legitimacy the $ovt. has to justify its actions in terms of law. This ensures the social

acceptance and effective implementation of rules, policies and decisions.

5A6& E4A!UATION OF DEMOCRACY

ccording to braham 6incoln 'emocracy is a 7Government of the people, for the

people and by the people.ll governments claim that they are the 3government of

the people9 but most of the governments "eep people under control to raise ta+es

from them in order to run machinery of the government and to prevent the integrity

and security of the country against all forces inside and outside the country.

'emocratic government is a better government as it promotes equality among

citizens, enhances the dignity of individuals, improves the equality of decision

making, provides a method to resolve conflicts and allows room to correct mistake.

The outcomes of democracy may differ from nation to nation because it depends

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upon the social situations, economic achievements and the culture of the nation. *ut

it produces: Accountable, Responsive an, le"iti#ate "ove%n#ent

The most important outcome of

democracy is that it produces a

government that is accountable to

citiens. Since democracy is

based on the idea of deliberation

and negotiations decision ma"ingmay ta"e some time. n

democracy decision ma"ing is

based on norms and procedures,

its decisions will be more

acceptable and effective for the

people. The following measure

can be helpful in measuring

favourable outcomes of

democracy

;. -egular, free and fair elections

itien9s right to information about the governments and its functioning

Source : /olitical Science by (.'. rora ?Tata 5c$raw Hill@

.

DEMOCRACY IN USA

The United States has been supporting democracy abroad for many decades. %rom

4oodrow 4ilson9s efforts following 4orld 4ar to the reconstruction of $ermany

Conitions essential 'o% te success o'

De#oc%ac).

Social: Social justice, social unity,

social education.

!conomic: !conomic equality &

economic security.

/olitical: n atmosphere of liberty,

equality, justice, rule of law, periodic

and free elections, free press impartial

judiciary, rights and liberties of people.

5oral: 'uty bound, concern for

common interest, honestyfor the ruler

and the ruled.

ntellectual: >ommon sense, toleration,

openness, adaptiveness, fle+ibility

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and )apan after 4orld 4ar , U.S. policyma"ers have aimed to create a world of

democratic nations. 'uring the >old 4ar and the current war on terrorism, efforts to

foster democracy have been inconsistent or have clashed with other strategic goals,

but the U.S. commitment to the growth of democracy abroad has been repeatedly

e+pressed. 1ver the past


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*angladesh more than half of the population lives in poverty and the situation is not

very encouraging in ndia and *rail. 4hereas result are mi+ed in nature in ndia and

Srilan"a

However, democracy has almost eliminated poverty in US and 4estern !uropean

countries. n democratic setup only !conomic inequality and disparity in society can

be minimied, poverty and unemployment could be chec"ed. n various democracies

3-ight to employment9 is given to its citiens.

*%actice: 7o%8seet II

ACCOMMODATION OF SOCIA! DI4ERSITY

lmost every country in the world is a

heterogeneous society. /eople differ from

each other in terms of cast, religion, race and

language etc. nd democracy considered

being the most suitable form of government to

accommodate various diversities because in

democracy equal rights and opportunities are

given to every citien

%igure ountries are facing problem in recogniing the maintenance of

group difference and formation of ethnoculture and religious communities. (ew type

of culture has emerged in the world which is called 3#ulticultu%alis#


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t leads to welfare dependency

!migrants do not feel the responsibility.

t focuses on the cultural right of groups rather than the rights of an individual.

t concentrates on 3ethniccultu%alis#

The social diversity can be accommodated by

Mutual Acco##oation

5ulticulturalism can be achieved to mutual

accommodation but it cannot be achieved

within a day because in this process the

debate on recognition, family, relations,

women and children will also arise. t is

desirable that all the cultures should

participate in creation of climate of trust and

brotherhood. 'emocracy in ndia has been

evolving in positive direction in terms of

multicultural values.

%igure =.

*%actice: 7o%8seet III

DI$NITY AND FREEDOM OF TE CITI=ENS

!very society is different in terms the religions followed,

language spo"en and the culture of the people. There can be

people of different castes, cultures, and religion in a country,

but it is only in a democracy that equal treatment is given to all

the individuals. 'emocracy accommodates all the social

diversity by guaranteeing dignity and freedom to all the

citiens.

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Source: $oogle mages

Ta"e for e+ample the case of women. %or a long time, they were denied equal

rights, justice, dignity and freedom, but democracy has ensured all these to

women. (ow the principle of individual freedom and dignity has a legal as well as

a moral force.

Ta"e another e+ample the conflict among various ethnic groups are minimied

by giving them adequate representation in the government in different parts of the

world it is also ensured that the rule of the majority is not by those who are in

majority just in a number. The majority group needs to wor" in harmony with the

minority group to ensure that interest and concern of every group are representedin the government.

5a6 E(ualit) o' 7o#en

%igureE%or societies which have been built for long on the basis of subordination and

domination, it is not a simple matter to recognie that all individuals are equal. Ta"e

the case of dignity of women. 5ost societies across the world were historically male

dominated societies. 6ong struggles by women have created some sensitivity today

that respect to and equal treatment of women are necessary ingredients of a

democratic society. That does not mean that women are actually always treated with

respect. *ut once the principle is recognised, it becomes easier for women to wage a

struggle against what is now unacceptable legally and morally. n a nondemocratic

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set up, this unacceptability would not have legal basis because the principle of

individual freedom and dignity would not have the legal and moral force there.

Efforts to fight inequality

4orld bodies have defined gender equality in terms of human rights, especially

womenFs rights, and economic development. !"#E$ defines gender equality as

%leveling the playing field for girls and &omen by ensuring that all children

have equal opportunity to develop their talents.%

The United (ations /opulation %und has declared that women have a right to

equality. GGender equity% is one of the goals of the United (ations 5illennium

/roject, to end world poverty by


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RI$TS IN TE CONSTITUTION OF SOUT

AFRICA

E(ualit)

!veryone is equal before the law and has

the right to equal protection and benefit of

the law.

u#an i"nit)

!veryone has inherent dignity and the right to have their dignity respected and

protected

!i'e

!veryone has the right to life.

F%eeo# an secu%it) o' te pe%son

!veryone has the right to freedom and security of the person, which includes

the right

!veryone has the right to bodily and psychological integrity, which includes the

right Slave%), se%vitue an 'o%ce labou%,(o one may be subjected to

slavery, servitude or forced labour.

*%ivac)

!veryone has the right to privacy

F%eeo# o' %eli"ion, belie' an opinion

!veryone has the right to freedom of conscience, religion, thought, belief and

opinion.

-eligious observances may be conducted at state or stateaided institutions,

provided that

F%eeo# o' e>p%ession

!veryone has the right to freedom of e+pression, which includes

freedom of the press and other media

freedom to receive or impart information or ideas

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freedom of artistic creativity and

cademic freedom and freedom of scientific research.

FUNDAMENTA! RI$TS IN CONSTITUTION OF INDIA

%undamental -ights in constitution of ndia has granted

citiens of the country to live with dignity and freedom.

%undamental rights of the citiens are too liberal that

there is too little that a citien of this great country can

complain about. %undamental rights are protected by

Supreme >ourt.

There are (") fundamental rightsin the constitution of ndia and they are

L-ight to equality ?rticles ;M;I@

L-ight to freedom ?rticles ;N


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c@ !reedom to form associations or unions: /eople have rights to form

associations or unions and continue them.

'$ !reedom of %ovement and residence: !nsures every citien the freedom to

move anywhere in the country.

e$ !reedom of &eside and settle: $uaranties every citien the freedom to settle in

any part of the country.

f@ !reedom of rofession: !very citien is free to practice any profession, any

occupation, trade or business.

L#ultural and educational rights

$uarantees the rights of any sections of citiens residing in any part of ndia

having language, scripts or culture of its own, to conserve the same.

L+ight to constitutional remedies

a@ $rants freedom to move the Supreme >ourt in case of violation of fundamental

rights.

*@ Supreme >ourt to issue writs for enforcement of any of the rights

So#e i#po%tant 'una#ental %i"ts "ua%antee b) i''e%ent constitutions

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- Every person has the right to an adequate standard of living and the continuous improvement

of living conditions.

-Every person has the right to the highest level of physical and mental health, and rights to

access all resources needed to maintain a high level of health including:

The right to adequate food and nutrition

The right to clean water

The right to sanitation

The right to health care

-Every person has the right to an education directed to the full development of the humanpersonality.

Rights that directly relate to economic growth and development include:

-The right to adequate work and appropriate working environment. Meaning every person has

the right to work and receive a fair monetary wage for work.

-The right to work in a safe environment.

-The right to equal pay for equal work with no difference based on se! or race.

"umans have the right to participate in making decisions regarding their right to development

through:

-The right to self-determination. This right includes free political opinion and the ability to

choose how each person wishes to pursue his#her own economic! social and cultural

development.

-The right to dispose of wealth and resources however they see fit! and no person can be

deprived of his#her means of subsistence.

-The right to technical and scientific knowledge especially in regard to improved production,

conservation and distribution of food.

-The right to information regarding the most efficient development and use of natural

resources.

-The right to enjoy the improvement of all aspects of environmental and industrial hygiene to

maintain health and well-being.

-The right to be an active participant and beneficiary of the right to development.

The right to development strongly recognies that all people are equal and should be treated

equally in their access and enjoyment of resources and means to improve and continue

personal development.

$hildrenhave the right to a standard of living that promotes full development of their physical,

mental, spiritual and social capacities. !pecifically children have the right to have access to

nutrition, clothing, housing and an education that provides them with the tools needed to

sustain an adequate standard of living. "hildren have the right to protection from harsh

wor#ing conditions that interfere with their ability to enjoy any of the aforementioned rights,

and therefore limit their development.

%omenhave the right to wor# and enjoy equal pay, benefits, and opportunities for

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-ight to equal protectionunder the law

-ight to freedom of thought

-ight to freedom of speechand press

-ight to freedom of association

-ight to freedom of movementwithin the country -ight to votein general election

-ight to direct a childFs upbringing

-ight to privacy

-ight to marry

-ight to property

-ight to freedom of contractby parties with proportional bargaining power

*%actice: 7o%8seet I4 ? 4

Su##a%)

!+pectations from democracy also function as the criteria for judging any democratic

country. 4hat is most distinctive about democracy is that its e+amination never gets over. s

democracy passes one test, it produces another test. s people get some benefits of

democracy, they as" for more and want to ma"e democracy even better. That is why when

we as" people about the way democracy functions, they will always come up with more

e+pectations, and many complaints. The fact that people are complaining is itself a

testimony to the success of democracy: it shows that people have developed awareness and

the ability to e+pect and to loo" critically at power holders and the high and the mighty.

public e+pression of dissatisfaction with democracy shows the success of the democratic

project: it transforms people from the status of a subject into that of a citien. 5ost

individuals today believe that their vote ma"es a difference to the way the government is run

and to their own selfinterest.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equal_protectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_speechhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_presshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Votehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privacyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propertyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_contracthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_speechhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_presshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Votehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privacyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propertyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_contracthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equal_protection


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7ORSEET .

Accountable, Responsive an !e"iti#ate $ove%n#ent&

Multiple Coice 9uestions

;. The basic outcome of democracy is that it produces a government that is

a. ccountable to the citiens

b. ccountable to the monarch

c. ccountable to the dictator

d. none


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c. ineffective

d. none

=. 'emocracy is based on the idea of OOOOOOOOOO and OOOOOOOOOOOOO.

a. deliberation and negotiation

b. (egotiation and discussions.

c. discussions and deliberations

d. none

M. 'emocracies ensure that decision ma"ing will be based on.

a. (orms and /rocedures

b. (ormal /rocedures

c. (orms of the $overnment

d. (one

A. 'emocratic government developsOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO for citiens to hold the

government ccountable.

a. 5echanism

b. 5achinery

c. 1rganiation

d .(one

7ORSEET II- Reuction o' Ine(ualit) an *ove%t)&

So%t Anse%-I

;. -elate democracy and political equality.

OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO


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OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO


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OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO


OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO




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OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO



7ORSEET I4: Di"nit) an '%eeo# o' citi+en

!on" Anse% T)pe

;. ssess the conditions of women of women in various societies of the world.


OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO












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OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO








= . 'iscuss the ways by which democracy can be strengthened.











4or"sheet J

'iscuss the following quotes in your class and write your opinion on the statements

;. 4e e+pect anything and everything from democracies but if some of our

e+pectations are not met, we start blaming the idea of democracy.


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A. 'emocracy is remedy to all problems.

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7E3 REFERENCE

Sou%ce : Fi"u%e . http:00www.thp.org0node0;K=I

%igure

Unit-3 Outcomes of Democracy SM

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Transcript of Unit-3 Outcomes of Democracy SM