Unit # 3 – Middle AgesLesson # 4: Crusades

Objective and Bell Ringer

• Bell Ringer: Complete “Christianity Spreads” portion of the Flow Chart (see above if missed class). Describe the Christian Religion in this box.

• Objective: Describe how the Crusades have had a lasting impact on society

• Exit Ticket: 1 paragraph answering question – Why were people willing to fight in the Crusades?

Title “True or False”The Crusades readingThe Crusades Video Guided Questions-in notebookCrusades, Increased Trade

Religion and Politics

1.Where did people turn for stability during the Middle Ages?2.Who controlled the Church?3.What are three powers of the church?

Remember from yesterday…

•Where did people turn for stability during the Middle Ages?

•The Catholic Church•Who controlled the Church?•The Pope•What are three powers of the church?•Excommunication – kick people out•Laws – Pax Dei and Treuga Dei •Tithing – Collecting tax

True or FalseFirst, copy down the following statements into

your notes leaving 3-4 spaces in between each statement to provide justification:Answer today

1. The Roman Empire did not help the Church become widespread across Europe.

2. The Catholic Church was very powerful.

3. After the fall of the Roman Empire, the Catholic Church hurt the stability of the region.

4. Excommunication and Interdicts were ineffective at curbing bad behavior from the people.

5. Pax Dei and Treuga Dei existed to create peace.

The Crusades•From the 11th to 13th centuries, European

Christians went on the Crusades▫The Crusades were a series of military campaigns

to regain the Holy Land from the Muslims who were known as infidels (non-believers)

▫The goal of each Crusade was to take Jerusalem and the surrounding area away from the Muslims Many Christians believed that Jesus would only come again once Christians held Jerusalem

The Muslims also considered Jerusalem holy•The First Crusade started when Muslim Turks

attacked the Byzantine Empire

▫The Byzantine Emperor asked for help and Pope Urban II responded by urging Christians to take up arms in a holy war (1095) Slogan: “God wills it!”

Captured Jerusalem and killed most of its inhabitants

•Second Crusade▫A few years later the Muslims began to

recapture lands▫It was a complete failure – took no lands

from Muslims

•Third Crusade▫A new leader emerges among the Muslims –

Salah ad-Din, whom the Europeans call Saladin In 1187 he captured Jerusalem

▫Due to this, the Third Crusade is launched and several monarchs set out for the Holy Land Only Richard made it to and fought in the Holy Land

▫King Richard and Saladin fought fiercely against each other and although Richard won several battles, he was not able to take Jerusalem

▫Richard instead negotiates an agreement with Saladin for Christian pilgrims to be allowed to go into Jerusalem and he returns home

•Children’s Crusade▫, seven ships carrying 20,000 French

children sails for the Holy Land Two ships sink and the other five ships reach North Africa, where the rest of the children were sold into slavery

•Effects of the Crusades▫There were nine Crusades launched from 1096

to 1291 – the First Crusade was the only successful one

▫The Crusades increased trade and some Italian cities benefited economically

▫Lots of money and manpower spent on the Crusades

▫Led to the deaths of many knights and nobles Kings gained power as they took over unoccupied lands

▫Brought knowledge of Muslim culture to Europe

▫Began to view all non-Christians as enemies Undertaking holy wars against Muslims while the “murderers of Christ” ran free at home

Massacres of Jews became a feature of medieval European life, anti-Semitism increases

Anti-Semitism = hostility towards Jews

▫Breeds centuries of mistrust between Christians and Muslims

Crusade Reason For People Involved Result

First

Second

Third

Fourth

Children’s

Revival and Growth of Trade

•After the Crusades trade began to grow•Most of the early trading cities were

found in Italy, with Venice being the most important▫Other Italian cities, wanting to get

wealthy, created their own trade routes•Trade in the north was dominated by the

Hanseatic League▫Group of northern German cities and

towns that worked together to promote and protect trade

Medieval Trade

•Trade encouraged people to use money again▫Before, workers had been paid with goods▫This led to some merchants allowing their

customers to buy goods on credit Credit = the promise of later payment

▫This also led to the creation of Europe’s first banks

•In the 12th century, craftspeople organized into business associations called guilds that played a leading role in urban economics▫The primary functions of a guild was to

restrict competition▫Craft guilds set quality standards, specified

methods of production, fixed the price of the finished product, and determined who could enter the guild

•A person who wanted to learn a trade first became an apprentice to a master craftsperson around the age of 8▫They received room and board, but no pay▫After 5 to 7 years, apprentices became a

journeyman who worked for pay for other masters

▫To become a master, they had to produce a masterpiece which the guild would judge

Crusades pp. 404-407Total Crusades -9Focus Crusades-4

Use graphic organizer given:For each of the four crusades in the text

write a description that includes•Year •Cause•Two groups fighting•End Result

Crusade Analysis

Use pp. 404 -407 Answer these questions in your notebook

I.Which crusades were successful? Why?II.Who was Richard the Lion –Hearted? III.Who was Saladin?IV.Which group took control of Jerusalem

(Holy Land) at the end of the crusades?V.Give 4 lasting impacts of the Crusades

(use p. 407)

The Crusades

•Video-Discovery Education: The Crusades•Part 1: 3:57- 15:50; Part 2: 24:54-32:15Part 1: 3:57- 15:50 What writings did the scholars translate?What type of math was formed by the Islamic scientist?What contributions to medicine did the Islamic scientist make?How long was the Islamic studies of anatomy used by Europeans?How did Europe learn to make paper?

Part 2: (24:54-32:15)What city did the crusaders want to conquer?What type of architecture did the crusaders build in the Middle East?How do you think the crusades caused cultural diffusion?

The Crusades

•Video-Discovery Education: The Crusades•Part 1: 3:57- 15:50; Part 2: 24:54-32:15

Exit TicketAnswer the following question in the form of a paragraph or concept web

on a separate sheet of paper:

Using information given in this lesson and Chapter 19 explain why was the

Catholic Church able to provide stability during the Middle Ages?