Unit 3

Art for Art’s Sake

Talking point

Lead-inLead-in

Serving

Debating

SurveyingWork in pairs to discuss the topics.

1. What’s your favorite kind of music?

2. Why do you listen to music?

3. How do you listen to music?

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Cultural BackgroundCultural BackgroundCultural BackgroundCultural Background

1. 1. Johann Sebastian Bach1. 1. Johann Sebastian Bach

2. 2. Well-Tempered Clavichord 2. 2. Well-Tempered Clavichord

Johann Sebastian BachActive reading 1:Active reading 1: EmbarkationEmbarkation

Make yourself informed of Johann Sebastian Bach.

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There’s nothing remarkable about it. All one has to do is hit the right keys at the right time and the instrument plays itself.

Music is an agreeable harmony for the honor of God and the permissible delights of the soul.

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Back

Difficult sentences

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Words to note

Difficult sentence 1 For lack of a better terminology, one might name these: (1) the sensuous plane, (2) the expressive plane, (3) the sheerly musical plane.

由于缺乏更好的术语，我们姑且把它们命名为：（ 1 ）感官层次；（ 2 ）表现层次；（ 3 ）纯音乐层次。

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Trans

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1. In what situation do you say lack of a better terminology? When introducing rather inexact terms. It means “since we don’t have any exact terms, I’m going to use these rather rough terms”.

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2. Does the word sensuous suggest pleasure which relates to your physical senses, or to your emotions and thoughts?Pleasure which relates to our physical senses.

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Difficult sentence 2The only advantage to be gained from mechanically splitting up the listening process into these hypothetical planes is the clearer view to be had of the way in which we listen.

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1. Why does the writer call these planes hypothetical? The word hypothetical means to be based on situations or events that seem possible rather than on actual ones. Here, the planes are not real, they are just part of a model for analysis and discussion.

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2. Who benefits from the division? What’s the benefit? Music listeners get a clearer idea about what is happening while listening to music.

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把听的过程机械地分割为以上三个假想的层次，唯一好处是让我们更清楚地了解自己是怎样听音乐的。

Difficult sentence 3Music allows them to leave it... dreaming because of and apropos of the music yet never quite listening to it.

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音乐允许他们离开现实，到另一个地方去做梦，因为音乐而做梦，做有关音乐的梦，却从没有真正欣赏过音乐。

Trans

1. What does apropos of mean?It means “relating to”; it is used to introduce something else about the subject we are talking about.

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2. What makes listeners dream? Do they understand what they are listening?The musical sound brings listeners into an ideal world, but in fact these listeners hear music without thinking about it.

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Difficult sentence 4Yes, the sound appeal of music is a potent and primitive force, but you must not allow it to usurp a disproportionate share of your interest... but it does not constitute the whole story.

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Trans

1. What does you must not allow it to usurp a disproportionate share of your interest mean?

Don’t let it take up a wrong amount of your interest.

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2. What does it does not constitute the whole story mean?There is more to it than this. People listen to music not merely because it can bring us physical pleasure.

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音乐的声音魅力是一种潜在的和原始的力量，但是，千万不要让它不合比例地侵占你的兴趣。感官的层次是音乐中重要的层次，非常重要的层次，但是它并不组成整体。

Difficult sentence 5After all, an actual musical material is being used. He must hear the melodies, the rhythms, the harmonies, the tone colors in a more conscious fashion.

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毕竟乐曲使用的是实实在在的音乐材料。聪明的听众一定要做好准备，随时提升自己对音乐材料的及这些材料的使用的理解。他必须要更加有意识地倾听音乐的旋律、节奏、和弦及音色。

Trans

What do the musical materials refer to?

The musical materials refer to the elements of music. They are melody, rhythm, harmony, tone color, and form.

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qualifiedadj. able to do sth. because you have the knowledge, skill, or experience that is neededAnswer the questions.1. If you are a highly qualified doctor, what do you qualification have?

You have lots of medical qualifications.2. If a job advertisement asks for fully qualified engineers, what does it expect?

It expects people with degrees in engineering and work experiences to apply.3. If someone is well qualified to give an opinion, who are they?

They are experts on the topic for which they are asked to give an opinion.

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potent

Translate the following sentences.

1. Beauty is potent, but morality is omnipotent.

美貌固有力，道德力无穷。2. 这药物对你的病疗效很好。

The medicine had a potent effect on your disease.

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adj. powerful or effective

Answer the question.

What has emerged as a potent force in advertising new thoughts?

Internet.

constitutev. to make up or form sth.

Rewrite the sentence with the word or phrase in brackets, keeping the same meaning.

England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland constitute Great Britain.

1. Great Britain ____________________________________ _____________________________________ (make up)

2.Great Britain___________________________________ ______________________________________ (compose)

3.Great Britain ____________________________________ ______________________________________ (consist of)

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Wales and Northern Ireland.is made up of England, Scotland,

Wales and Northern Ireland.is composed of England, Scotland,

and Northern Ireland.consists of England, Scotland, Wales

proclaim

Discuss ways to help memorize proclaim.

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v. to state sth. publicly or to announce sth. officially

proclaim

pro

claim往前、向前 喊、叫

呼喊

exclaim

ex claim往外 喊、叫

宣称

reclaim

re claim往回 喊、叫

要求归还

melodyn. a tune or song, esp, a simple one

1. 美妙的音乐在我心中回荡。 The beautiful melody is lingering in my mind. 2. 他用竖琴演奏了一首爱尔兰曲调。 ( 竖琴 harp ） He played an Irish melody on the harp.

Translate the sentences.

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Listen to a melodious song and guess its name.

Unchained melody, the theme song of the movie, Ghost.

rhythmn. a regular, repeated pattern of sounds or movements in speech, dancing, music, etc.

Translate the sentence.

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他在桌子上打拍子。 He tapped out the rhythm on the table.

Listen to the _______ of the falling rainTelling me just what a fool I’ve beenI wish that it would go and let me cry ________And let me be alone againThe only girl I care about has _____________Looking for a _____________ startBut little does she know that when she left that dayAlong with her she took my heart

rhythm

in vain

gone awaybrand new

Listen to a recording and complete the sentences.

clarityn. the ability to be easily understood

1.She was known for her quick wit and _________ of thought/purpose/vision.

2.Please contact us if you require _____________ of any of these matters.

3.Could you _________ your remarks?

4._________ of diction is vital for a public speaker.

Complete the sentences with the words in the column.

clarity

clarification

clarify

Clarity

clarify clarification clarity

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analogyn. a comparison between two situations, processes etc that is intended to show that the two are similar

1. Our manager is fond of _________________ analogies between business and school.

2. If you understand this point, you can understand the rest ________ analogy.

3. Remote voting via the Internet is analogous _____ absentee voting and will have the same kinds of problems.

drawing/making

by

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Complete the sentences.

to

What’s the difference between analogy, simile & metaphor? Unlike simile or metaphor which usually uses comparison on one point of resemblance, analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things that have several common qualities or points of resemblance.

Listing itemsListing itemsListing itemsListing items

Semi-controlled practice Semi-controlled practice Semi-controlled practice Semi-controlled practice

Tips Tips Tips Tips

Guided writing

Structuring adverbs

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Guided writing

Using structuring adverbs at the beginning of the sentence:First / Firstly, Second / Secondly, Third / Thirdly, Last / Lastly / Finally, Last but not least …

How to list items, or to organize a succession of ideas?

Are there any alternatives?

Alternatively we can use first, second, another etc as adjectives: The third plane on which music exists is the sheerly musical plane.

Don’t overuse structuring words, especially with longer lists. For example, a list of questions would have been less effective if broken up by firstly, secondly etc.

Structuring adverbsRewrite the summary using structuring adverbs.

Guided writing

Beethoven completely changed the course of

Western music, in a number of ways. He

introduced a new expressive style which became

known as “romantic”. He changed the form of

orchestral music, especially the symphony. He

pushed the possibilities of solo instruments, such

as the piano and the violin, to new limits. He

wrote most of his greatest works when he was

deaf.

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First,

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Second,

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Third,

• IV. Presentation and exercises

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