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Unit 3: Age of Exchange
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Transcript of Unit 3: Age of Exchange
By Alexa Berry, Samantha Liebensohn, Julianna Shalhoub
UNIT 3: AGE OF EXCHANGE
The religion of Islam started in ArabiaThe clans provided support for each other because of
the conditions that occurred in the desert. Some areas consisted of fertile soil and water
supplies in communities, which helped people farm. Arabs had selected to settled by a market town. Other
settlers from the west coast of Arabia also became market towns, resulting in long-distance trade.
The trade routes ran from the south to the north of Arabia.
The items that were traded consisted of spices, and incense, along with information. For example, ideas from outside of Arabia.
ISLAM GEOGRAPHY
In the Islam religion they were monotheistic , they believed in one God; Allah
The Muslims had a religious book called the Qur’anThe Muslim belief is that Muhammad was very
interested in religions, and one day when he was praying outside of cave by Mecca, a voice that belonged the angel Gabriel, came and spoke to him. After this, Muhammad went on to teach people about Allah by preaching in Mecca publicly.
Muhammad moved on to Islam which became a famous migration, Hijrah. When Muhammad returned to Mecca, may people joined his Muslim religious community.
ISLAM RELIGION
Faith: In the Muslim religion they must swear under oath to obey the statement, “There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.”
Prayer: The Muslim traditions requires people to face Mecca and pray five times a day, in their homes or in a mosque, or where ever they like.
Alms: Muslims were taught to have responsibility and to care for others. As a result, they give out alms, and money to the poor to help them, just as they were taught by Muhammad.
Fasting: Muslims fast which shows that there are more appreciated of their spiritual lives rather than their everyday life. The Muslims fast between dawn and sunset during their Holy Month.
Pilgrimage: All Muslims must make the pilgrimage to Mecca if they can.
FIVE PILLARS
Muslim influence had attracted people from various places
Damascus was the center of Islamic learning and other cities soon grew around power centers symbolizing the strength of the caliphate
The major capital city of Abbasid was Baghdad It’s population consisted of four social classes
including Muslim at birth, people who converted to Islam, the “protected people” which had Christians, Jews and Zoroastrians, and slaves
Women had equal rights and were considered equal as believers
ISLAM’S GOLDEN AGE
Art and Literature: calligraphy- the art of beautiful handwriting poetry- celebrated ideas of bravery, love, generosity, and
hospitality no pictures of Muhammad House of Wisdoms- combination of a library, academy, and
translation centerMath and Science:
Algebra medical advances- C-section astronomy- observed stars, comets, and planets
ISLAM’S GOLDEN AGE ACHIEVEMENTS
Caliph- a supreme political/religious leader in Muslim government
Hajj- a pilgrimage to Mecca, preformed as a duty by Muslims
Hijrah- Muhammad's migration from Mecca to Ya thrib
Mosque- an Islamic place of worship
ISLAM AND ISLAM’S GOLDEN AGE VOCABULARY
527A.D.: Justinian succeeded his uncle from throne in in 533A.D. he sent Belisarius to recover North Africa
Justinian soon ruled almost all the territory Rome didThe emperors ruled with absolute power- controlling
the states and church Justinian built the Hagia Sophia(meaning “Holy
Wisdom” in Greek) and it’s considered the most splendid church in the Christian
Constantinople became the capital Justinian died in 565 causing the empire to suffer
BYZANTINE EMPIRE
After Justinian’s death, there was riots, palace intrusions, religious quarrels, and foreign dangers
Problems included: A disease similar to the bubonic plague which in 542 killed
10,000 people each day Foreign enemies attacked from the east and west and the
Byzantine empire used bribes, military power, political marriages, and diplomacy
The church split(western and eastern) “the Christian…should not be desirous money, nor treasure up
on unnecessary things to no avail.” –Saint Basil
BYZANTINE EMPIRE
BYZANTINE EMPIRE TIMELINE
The Justinian Code is the uniform code created by the panel
If consisted of four works including the:
Codex: contained nearly 5,000 Roman laws that were still considered useful for the Byzantine Empire.
Digest: quoted and summarized the opinions of Rome’s greatest legal thinkers about the laws. (50 volumes)
Institutes: textbook that told law students how to use the law
Novellae: (New Laws) presented legalism passed after 534
BYZANTINE EMPIRE:JUSTINIAN CODE
Excommunication- the taking away of a person’s right of membership in a Christian church
Icon- a religious image used by eastern ChristiansPatriarch- a principal bishop in the eastern branch of
Christianity
BYZANTINE EMPIRE VOCABULARY
The Han Dynasty fell in 220 A.D. and no emperor was strong enough to save it
Many other dynasties tried to hold China together but failed over the next 350 years
589 A.D.: Northern and Southern China became untied by Wendy and as a result a strong central government was created
The Tang and Song dynasty ruled during the Golden Age of China
China was known to be the richest and most advanced country at the time
CHINA’S GOLDEN AGE
Science, Technology, and Math: the moveable typewriter- typed a page of individual
characters gun powder- many explosive weapons such as bombs,
grenades, small rockets, and cannons porcelain clock paper money magnetic compass arithmetic algebra use of negative numbers
CHINA’S GOLDEN AGE ACHIEVEMENTS
Agriculture and Trade: rice was an important crop because it feed the rapid
growing population Vietnam imported a new type of rice that grew fast Silk Road was used to trade when the compass was developed they used ocean trade Buddhism spread from China to Japan and Vietnam
CHINA’S GOLDEN AGE ACHIEVEMENTS
Art and Literature: Poetry- poets wrote about life’s pleasures, war and
Confuism. For example, Li Bo and Tu Fu Painters painted about Daoist influences and natural
landscapes A lot of Chinese painters used black ink
CHINA’S GOLDEN AGE ACHIEVEMENTS
Conquest Under the rule of Genghis Khan the Mongols conquered Asia 1225: the Mongols controlled central Asia Genghis Khan was a smart strategist but cruel and died in
1227 The Mongols then conquered from China to Poland and
invaded North China and Korea The Pax Mongolica was known as the Mongol peace from
the 1200s to the 1300s
MONGOLS
Empire: Kublai Khan became emperor and created the Yuan dynasty He united China and was their greatst emperor He opened China to greater trade but failed to take over
Japan When the Yuan dynasty fell, the empire disintegrated
MONGOLS
Bubonic Plague- a deadly disease that spread across Asia and Europe in the mid-1400 th century killing millions of people
CHINA’S GOLDEN AGE AND THE MONGOLS VOCABULARY
As a result of the invasions of the Vikings, Magyars and Muslims, the Europeans lived in fear and danger and created Feudalism
The system was based on protection, rights and obligations people have. For example, the lord gave land to a vassal in exchange for his military protection
People social status’s were effected by the Feudal system
The lord’s house was called a manor. The manor was part of the arrangement that the lord made to his serfs.
The manor was self-sufficient because it provided for itself. This is because it provided protection, farmland, and resting to its residents.
FEUDALISM IN EUROPE
Fief- an estate granted to a vassal by a lord under the feudal system in medieval Europe
Knight- in medieval Europe, an armored warrior who fought on horseback
Lord- in feudal Europe, a person who controlled land and could therefore grant estates to vassals
Manor- a lord’s estate in feudal Europe Serf- a medieval peasant legally bound to live on a
lord’s estate Tithe- a family’s payment of one-tenth of its income
to a church Vassal- in feudal Europe, a person who received a
grant of land from a lord in exchange for a pledge of loyalty and services
FEUDALISM IN EUROPE VOCABULARY
The pope took all order Many people practiced sacraments which brought
people together and created a stable environment This allowed people to worship their religion and the
church developed lawsSome people think that the kings shouldn’t have all
the powerAs a result King Henry IV called a meeting because he
didn’t agree with others and Pope Gregory VII In the end, Gregory excommunicated Henry
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
Pope Urban II called for a crusade to gain control of the Holy Land from the Muslims
The crusades had won a strip of land from Edessain to the north of Jerusalem
Edessain was taken back by the Turks in 1114. As a result, the crusades went back to conquer the land but failed.
1204: the attempt to capture Jerusalem failed. As a result, they didn’t win back the Holy Land but got Constantiople instead
The Spanish crusades: the Spanish controlled most of the land until the Reconquista
came and drove most of the Muslims out of Spain to bring back their country and their religion, Christianity,
they created an inquisition which was made to stop heresy
THE CRUSADES
THE CRUSADES
Success Failure The crusades had a
lot of power during these times
Merchants expanded trade from Europe to Southwest Asia
The traded spices, fruits, and cloth
The pope had less power
The feudal system became weaker
The king’s power increased
They didn’t regain back the Holy Land
THE CRUSADES: MAP
Three-field system- a system of farming develop in Medieval Europe in which farmland was divided into three fields of size and each of these was successfully planted with a winter crop, planted with a spring crop and left unplanted.
Crusade- one of the expeditions in which medieval Christian warriors sought to recover control of the Holy Land from the Muslims
Gothic- relating a style of church architect that developed in Medieval Europe
Guild- a medieval association of people working at the same occupation which controlled its members wages and prices
Inquisition- a Roman Catholic tribunal for investigating and prosecuting charges of heresy
THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH AND THE CRUSADES VOCABULARY
Lay Investiture- the appointment of religious officials by kings and nobles
Reconquista- the effort by Christian leaders to drive the Muslims out of Spain lasting from the 1100s to 1492
Sacrament- one of the Christian ceremonies in which God’s grace is transmitted to people
Simony- the selling or buying of positions in a Christian church
Vernacular- the everyday language of people in a region or country
THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH AND THE CRUSADES VOCABULARY(CONT.)
Aristocracy- a government in which power is on the hands of a heredity ruling class or nobility
Autocracy- a government in which the ruler has unlimited power and uses it in an arbitrary manner
Bureaucracy- a system of departments and agencies formed to carry out the work of government
Century- a period of one hundred yearsCivilization- a form of culture characterized by cities,
specialized workers, complex institutions, record keeping and advanced for it
Command economy- an economic system in which the government makes all the economic decisions
Cultural diffusion- the spreading of ideas and products from one culture to another
REQUIRED VOCABULARY
Democracy- a government controlled by its citizens, either directly or through representatives
Dictatorship- a political ruler given absolute power to make laws and command the army for a limited time
Dynasty- a series of rulers from a single family Empire- a political unit in which a number of or
countries are controlled by a single rulerEquator- an imaginary line drawn around the earth
equally distant from both poles, dividing the earth into northern and southern hemispheres
Golden Age- a time of peace and prosperity with little to no wars; advances in art, science, literature, and economy
REQUIRED VOCABULARY(CONT.)
Latitude- the angular distance of a place north or south of the earth’s equator
Longitude- the angular distance of a place east or west of the meridian at Greenwich
Market economy- a capitalistic economic system in which there is free competition and prices
Mixed economy- an economy in which there are elements of both public and private enterprise
Monarch- a government in which power is in the hands of a single person
Monotheism- a belief in a single godOligarchy- a government in which power is in the
hands of few people
REQUIRED VOCABULARY(CONT.)
Polytheism- a belief in many godsPrime meridian- meridian running through Greenwich,
England, from which longitude east and west is recorded
Republic- government is which the power is in the hands of representatives and leaders elected by citizens
Theocracy- ruler is viewed as a divine figureTopography- detailed map/chart of features of a small
areaScribe- professional record keepers in early
civilizations
REQUIRED VOCABULARY(CONT.)
1) How many gods did the Islams believe in?
REVIEW QUIZ
One
REVIEW QUIZ
2) What is the name of the Islamic god?
REVIEW QUIZ
Allah
REVIEW QUIZ
3) What is the name of the annual trip taken by the people of Islam?
REVIEW QUIZ
Mecca
REVIEW QUIZ
4) Why was rice an important agricultural advance?
REVIEW QUIZ
It speed production
REVIEW QUIZ
5) What is the art of beautiful handwriting?
REVIEW QUIZ
calligraphy
REVIEW QUIZ
6) Where can you find a picture of Muhammad?
REVIEW QUIZ
There are no pictures of Muhammad
REVIEW QUIZ
7) What was the capital city of Abbasid?
REVIEW QUIZ
Baghdad
REVIEW QUIZ
8) What famous church did Justinian build?
REVIEW QUIZ
The Hagia Sophia
REVIEW QUIZ
9) What were the four parts of the Justinian code?
REVIEW QUIZ
Codex, Digest, Institutes, Novellae
REVIEW QUIZ
10) What was the capital of the Byzantine Empire?
REVIEW QUIZ
Constantinople
REVIEW QUIZ
11) What important technological achievement helped the Chinese
advance in sea trade?
REVIEW QUIZ
Magnetic compass
REVIEW QUIZ
12) Under what dynasties did the golden age of China occur?
REVIEW QUIZ
Tang and Song
REVIEW QUIZ
13) Under what ruler did the Mongols conquer Asia?
REVIEW QUIZ
Gangas Kong
REVIEW QUIZ
14) What dynasty did Kan create?
REVIEW QUIZ
Yuan dynasty
REVIEW QUIZ
15) What was the role of Marco Polo?
REVIEW QUIZ
Went on missions for Gangas court
REVIEW QUIZ
16) What did manors provide for lords and servants?
REVIEW QUIZ
It was self-sufficient and provided housing and protection
REVIEW QUIZ
17) Who was on top of the social system in feudalism?
REVIEW QUIZ
The king
REVIEW QUIZ
18) What religious building was in a manor?
REVIEW QUIZ
The church
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19) Who took control during the Holy Roman empire?
REVIEW QUIZ
Popes
REVIEW QUIZ
20) What was the type of religion?
REVIEW QUIZ
catholic
REVIEW QUIZ
21) How many gods did they have?
REVIEW QUIZ
One
REVIEW QUIZ
22) What is a crusade?
REVIEW QUIZ
Recover of the Holy Lands
REVIEW QUIZ
23) Why did Urban Pope II call the crusades?
REVIEW QUIZ
Gain back Holy Land
REVIEW QUIZ
24) What land did they gain?
REVIEW QUIZ
Constantinople
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25) Why were the crusades a successful failure?
REVIEW QUIZ
Trade expanded from Europe to Asia but they never regained Holy Land
REVIEW QUIZ