UNIT 3

The World Around Us

In this unit, we will work on…• Vocabulary:

Vocabulary 1: Saving environmental resourcesVocabulary 2: Prefixes

• Grammar: Present Perfect vs. Past Simple

Time expressions with the Present Perfect

• Reading: ‘A life without rubbish’

• Listening: ‘Buy Nothing Day’

• Speaking: Talk about what we can do to save the planet

• Writing: An opinion essay

• Our project: Our oral presentations

Vocabulary 1: Saving environmental resources

• Install solar panels: instal.lar panells solars• Share car journeys: compartir trajectes en cotxe• Recycle packaging: reciclar paquets/ embolcalls• Ride a bike: muntar en bici• Save water: estalviar aigua• Turn off lights: apagar llums• Compost food waste: fertilitzar (usar com a fems) el

desaprofitament del menjar (fertilizar/ usar como abono los desperdicios de los alimentos)

• Use rechargeable batteries: utilitzar bateries (piles) recarregables• Insulate windows: aïllar/aïllament de les finestres (‘climalit’)• Travel by public transport: viatjar en transport públic• Mend old clothes: arreglar la roba vella

Vocabulary 2: Prefixes

Re-(tornar a…)

Mis-(‘fer’ malament)

Over-(per sobre, més…)

Under-(per sota, menys…)

Reorganize (reorganitzar)

Misinform(desinformar, mal

informar)

Overpopulate(superpoblar)

Underestimate(subestimar, infravalorar)

Recycle(reciclar= tornar a

utilitzar)

Misunderstand(entendre malament,

malinterpretar)

Overcrowd(emplenar, atestar

de gent)

Underpay(malpagar)

Replace(recol.locar,

reemplaçar…)

Misplace(traspapelar,

col.locar malament)

Overeat(Menjar de més)

Underuse(infrautilitzar)

Replay(tornar a posar

e.g.‘música’, tornar a jugar)

Undercook(semicru, poc fet,

mig cru)

GRAMMAR 1: PRESENT PERFECT FORM

AFFIRMATIVE + NEGATIVE -

Subject + HAVE/HAS + past participle (V-ed/3rd column)

She has watched a great film.

Subject + HAVEN’T/HASN’T + past participle (V-ed/3rd column)

She hasn’t ridden a bike.

I HAVE WATCHEDJo he vist

I HAVEN’T RIDDENJo no he muntat en bici

You HAVE WATCHEDTu has vist

You HAVEN’T RIDDENTu no has muntat

He She HAS WATCHED It Ell/a ha vist

He She HASN’T RIDDEN It Ell/a no ha muntat

We You HAVE WATCHED TheyNosaltres hem / vosaltres heuElls/-es han vist

We You HAVEN’T RIDDEN TheyNosaltres no hem / vosaltres no heu/ ells/-es no han muntat

• We use the present perfect to talk about an action that we don’t know the exact time in the past.

PRESENT PERFECT FORM QUESTIONS ? SHORT ANSWERS (sh.a.)

(Question + HAVE/HAS + subject + p. part. ? Word –QW)

What have you done ?Has he played football?

Yes, subject + HAVE / HASNO, subject + HAVEN’T / HASN’T - Yes, he has. // No, he hasn’t.

HAVE I PLAYED?He jugat?

Yes, I HAVE.No, I HAVEN’T.

HAVE you PLAYED?Has jugat?

Yes, I HAVE.No, I HAVEN’T.

He HAS She PLAYED?

ItEll/a ha jugat?

Yes, he / she / it HAS.No, he / she /it HASN’T.

We HAVE You PLAYED?

TheyNosaltres hem / vosaltres heu / ells/-es

han jugat?

Yes, we HAVE.No, we HAVEN’T.

Yes, they HAVE.No, they HAVEN’T.

GRAMMAR 2: PRESENT PERFECT: TIME EXPRESSIONS

FOR SINCE

We use for with a period of time

DURANT

We use since with a point in time

DESDE

• A long time • I was a kid (sentence)

• Two months/ years/ days… • 1999 (year)

• Last Friday/ month…

PRESENT PERFECT: TIME EXPRESSIONS JUST ALREADY STILL YET

Just ara (mateix)(+)

Ja (+) Encara no (-) Encara no (-)Ja (?)

We use just for something done a short time before the moment of speaking.

We use already in affirmative sentences to talk about things we have done.

We use still in negative sentences to talk about things we haven’t done.

We use yet in negative sentences and questions.

HAVE/HAS + JUST+ p. participle

HAVE/HAS + ALREADY + p.

participle

STILL+ HAVEN’T/HASN’T +

p. participle

HAVEN’T/ HASN’T + p. participle + YET

HAVE/HAS…. + p. participle+ YET?

I have JUST read Harry Potter.

She has ALREADY watched Avatar

twice.

I STILL haven’t finished my homework.

They haven’t been in Paris YET.

Have you bought the car YET?

To check before the exam…

• Progress check SB p. 39• Language guide SB pp. 40-41• Revision WB p. 33• Grammar reference WB pp. 110-111

To learn more…• Culture WB p. 32• Extension WB p. 34