Unit 2 – When Cultures Collide
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Transcript of Unit 2 – When Cultures Collide
Unit 2 – When Cultures Collide
Mayan ruins
Incan ruins Machu Picchu
Arriving at Jamestown
French furtraders
Spanish Explorers
The Aztecs
Migration of people from Central Asia dates back 13 to 16,000 years ago, during the last great ice age. At that time, the Bering Strait was a
land bridge connecting North America and Asia. The migration of people from the East across this land bridge in search of food, began the
slow development of the Western Hemisphere.
North America
Over a period of thousands of years, North and South America
became inhabited with people of the Earth. Although there were many
great civilizations and empires, this marking period we focused on the Mayan, Aztec and Incan Empires.
The empires had their share of differences but shared many things in common. The most notable was their strong belief in religion which required
human sacrifice.
The first empire of
note was the Mayan
Civilization. It was located in present day Guatemala and
Mexico.
The Mayan Civilization was not only the FIRST empire, but it lasted the
longest from 250 – 900 CE.
The Mayan form of writing was known as hieroglyphics.
This is a form of graphic writing, using signs and symbols instead
of letters, as we do.
An important contribution from the Mayan
Civilization was the concept of zero, by giving it a place value when used
in math .
THE MAYAS ALSO
STUDIED THE STARS AND PLANETS.
They were extremely
accurate with their
observations of the planets, sun and moon.
This skill helped them create two
types of calendars.
On the bottom right is a daily calendar. The calendar above is
for holidays, ceremonies and religious rites.
The AztecEmpire
The Aztec Civilization began in the Valley of Mexico.
They settled on an island in Lake Texcoco, in 1325. It took time to
develop, but lasted through the early
1500s.
The Aztec people were able to change a swampy lake into a
great city, which was called Tenochtitlan. This was its capital
city.
The Aztecs, just as the Mayans did, built pyramids and used their own style of hieroglyphics.
The Incas - People of the Sun!
Peru
Ecuador
Columbia
Bolivia
CHILE
South AmericaDescendants of the Incans can be
found today along the west coast of South America in:
Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, Chile and
Columbia.
The Incan empire came to an end by way of the Spanish,
which is similar to the Aztec’s demise.
The Incan government was
able to take census and collect taxes
because of the large scale
road system that they built.
A Census is an official count of all people living in an area. Quipu was a knotted string used by the Incas as a method of keeping records
_____
3,643
Another great achievement of the Incas was a series of canals and pipes known as aqueducts. They would bring water
to dry land.
MEANWHILE IN EUROPE
When Europeans heard of Marco Eeast. Columbus began the journeys by traveling west, not realizing that two continents and two oceans would stop him and his crew.
ArabiaSahara Dessert
China
India
Eastern Europe
Pacific Ocean
Marco Polo’s Journey
Although others made it to the Western Hemisphere first,
Christopher Columbus arrived in the New World in 1492. He traveled across the Atlantic, hoping to find
a shorter route to East Indies and Asia.
The Age of Explorers 1492 – 1630This was a time of exploration and discovery. Columbus, Hudson,
Magellan, Balboa and countless other explorers left their homelands in Europe to find shorter trade routes, at first. There is evidence that Leif
Erikson and other Vikings reached North America around 1000 A.D.
Henry Hudson sailing up the Hudson River, of all places
Balboa reaches the calm Pacific shores
Christopher Columbus
Spain and Portugal took the lead in exploration, sending conquistadors across the ocean in search of riches for their home country. In time England, France and the
Netherlands would join the exploration.Our review will begin with the
Spanish conquistadors.
Conquistadors would search the New World for riches and claim the land for Spain. They were merciless and deceptive in their treatment of the Native Americans,
killing and enslaving as they conquered.
Cortez was a conquistador. When he arrived in Mexico, he found many of the
local tribes were willing to assist him overtake Moctezuma and the Aztec
people.
By 1521, the Aztecs were defeated by Cortez!
Although Cortez and his Spanish army had many less soldiers, approximately 500 compared to the
hundreds of thousands of the Aztec empire,
The Spanish had horses, armor, guns, swords to use in battle. They also had allies in the Aztec’s enemies to increase their troops, but just as important (to be continued!)
The Spanish had something more powerful. Unexpectedly, they
brought disease to America, which the Native Americans had never experienced and had no immunity
against, especially small pox.
Meanwhile in western South America, the Incas were minding their own business.
When who should stop by, but Francisco Pizarro, another
Spanish conquistador who’ll stop at nothing
for riches like gold.
This doesn’t bode well for the Incan Empire.
Francisco Pizarro was a Spanish conquistador who sailed to
South America, in 1531.
By 1535, Pizarro had conquered most of the Incan empire, which
included the capitol of Cuzco.
It only took 15 years for the Spanish to defeat 2 powerful empires in the Western Hemisphere. The Spanish had powerful weapons, and they brought disease to America, which the Native Americans had never
experienced.
The world got a little closer and shared its wealth as a result of the age of exploration. It was known as the Columbian Exchange. Up to that time, Europe
was without tomato, corn (maize) and cacao bean (the source of chocolate). The new world got grapes, bananas and horses to name just a few items.
Canada Europe
America
Caribbean Africa Islands South America
The Spanish were not alone in the exploration of the New World. Holland,
France and England joined the exploration.
Religious Freedom
Political Oppression
Indentured Servant
Escape PovertyEnglish settlers came to America for
a variety of reasons – mostly to escape problems they faced in England
In short, they wanted tostart a new life!
The first permanent English settlement was Jamestown, Virginia.
-had its own government-had the support of England
For instance, Roanoke was earlier but did not have any survivors when supply ships returned from England.
Jamestown was considered a success because it:
-was the first settlement to survive beyond settlement and continue as a colony
French settlers were interested in
fur trade.
Unlike the Spanish, French explorers treated Native
Americans fairly. They knew the natives were essential to survival in the New World.
- Review -The French treated the natives fairly.The Spanish were cruel and betrayed their trust and enslaved those not killed.
B. They both tried to convert the Native Americans
A. They both needed Native Americans to survive.
Similarities of French and Spanish treatment of Native Americans:
C. They both brought diseases to the Native Americans
Map Skills Application
Las Vegas, located in southwest USA is located between which two lines of latitude? Answer: What are 30 and 40 degrees north latitude?
Answer: What are 70 and 80 degrees west longitude?Albany, located in northeast USA is located between which two lines of longitude?
_?_degrees north latitude goes through central New Jersey. 40 degrees north latitude
1524 Giovanni da Verrazano
returns to France claiming a New
World for France.
1492 Columbus lands in
Caribbean for Spain
1519 Cortez ends Aztec
Empire.
1438 Pachacuti becomes
ruler of the Incas
1513 Vasco de Balboa
reaches the Pacific Ocean.
1440 Johannes Gutenberg
invents printing press.
1497 – 1498 Vasco da Gama sailed from
Portugal to India
Time Line Review
Which came first – Columbus’s arrival in the New World or Balboa reaching the Pacific ?
Answer: Columbus arrived first in 1492, but even without a time line, we should know that Columbus began the modern European exploration of the New World.
How many years after DaGama arrived in India did the Aztec Empire End?
Answer: What is 21 years?
List in order the following people/events from first to fourth: Cortez, Pachacuti, Balboa and Verrazano.
Answer: Pachacuti, Balboa, Cortez and Verrazano.
When Europe expanded into the Americas, an exchange of animals and plants got under way. It was widespread and included diseases as well. The Western Hemisphere (the New World) received animals like the pig, chicken, horse and cow, and grains like wheat, rice and oats. A morning favorite coffee and sugar also came from the east to the New World. The development of corn, potatoes, beans Cocoa made their way from the Western Hemisphere to Europe, Africa and Asia, along with turkeys and silver. This was known as the “Columbian Exchange,” and it benefited both hemispheres.
After reading the passage above and using the graphic
to the right as a guide, answer the sample question
on paper at home. Remember to use the RASC
model when writing your response.
Sample Question: Do you think one hemisphere benefitted more from the Columbian Exchange than the other
Sample Question: Do you think one hemisphere benefitted more from the Columbian Exchange than the other? RASC = Restate the question, Answer the question, Support your answer, Conclusion Restate (example): One hemisphere benefitted from the Columbian Exchange. Answer: I think that the Western Hemisphere benefitted more from the Columbian Exchange. (The choice of Western Hemisphere is only used as an example – it does not mean it is the correct answer. The student makes it correct by supporting it with facts.) Support: This is where the student uses information from the graphic and passage to show an understanding why Western Hemisphere or why Europe and Africa were chosen. Conclude: It is for these reasons I believe the Western hemisphere benefitted more from the Columbian Exchange.