Unit 2: The Periodic Table

Essential QuestionsHow is the periodic table used to

classify elements?How is the average atomic mass

determined for an element?What components make up an

atom and where are they located?

How do atoms combine?What are isotopes and their

properties?

Chapter Challenge OverviewDevelop a game related to

Mendeleev’s Periodic TableHow the game is played is up to

you – with cards, a computer, dice, etc.

You need to:◦Demonstrate understanding of the

periodic table◦Teach others about the periodic table

in your game◦Make it interesting and fun!

Day 1: Organizing a StoreLearning Objectives:

◦Plan the arrangement of the items for sale in a store

◦Analyze trends in the arrangement of the store

◦Relate the arrangement of items in the store to the arrangement of elements in the periodic table

Starter:Some supermarkets now sell

books, flowers, and prescription drugs in addition to what you would think of as a traditional supermarket.

How many different items do you think a supermarket has in its inventory?

Time: 15 minutes

Activity 1You and your group are going to

open up a supermarket. Brainstorm a list of 50-100 items that you would sell at your store.

Time: 20 minutes

Activity 2Create a map showing the

locations of all the items in your store.

Think about where you will put things and in what order in the aisle you will put them.

Keep in mind what you want shoppers to see as they enter the store.

Time: 35 minutes

Activity 3Present your store layout to the

rest of the class.Time: 10 minutes

Closing and homeworkHow does organizing a

supermarket relate to organizing a periodic table?

Homework: ◦Test corrections

Day 2: Elements and Their Properties (60 mins)Learning Objectives

◦Apply ancient definitions of elements to materials you believe are elements

◦Test some properties of common chemical elements

◦Classify elements as metals, nonmetals or neither

◦Differentiate between physical and chemical properties

◦Organize a table based on properties

StarterComplete the table to compare

and contrast metals and nonmetals

What is a chemical element?Time: 15 minutes

Compare (Similarities )

Contrast (Differences)

Activity 1Make a list of 4 or more substances that you

use in your everyday life that meet your definition of an element (individual)

Compare your list to the other members of your group

The Ancient Greeks believed the four elements were: Earth, Air, Fire, Water

The Alchemists of the early Renaissance identified three elements: Mercury, Sulfur, and Salt

Do the above “elements” satisfy your definition? Why or why not?

Time: 15 minutes

Activity 2Test the following substances:

◦Al, Cu, I, Fe, Mg, Si, S, ZnTest the following properties:

◦Initial observations (appearance), Conducts electricity, Reacts with HCl, Metal or Nonmetal

Create a table to record your observations

Time: 25 minutes

ResultsElement Initial

Observations

Conducts?

Reactivity with HCl

Metal or Nonmetal?

AlCuIFeMgSiSZn

Closing and Homework Read Chem Talk (pg. 699)Chemistry to Go (pg. 701) #1, 2Preparing for the Chapter

Challenge (pg. 701)Read Activity for next class pg.

702-706Create data table for the

investigation

Day 3: Atoms and Their MassesLearning Objectives:

◦Explore the idea of atoms by trying to isolate a single atom

◦Measure how many times greater mass a copper atom has than an aluminum atom

◦See that atoms react in definite proportions of mass when forming a compound

◦Compare Dalton’s experimental results to the masses of atoms known today

◦Relate the mole concept to real quantities

StarterAtoms are the smallest,

indivisible part of an elementComplete the following table

Time: 15 minutes

Things I know about atoms

Things I think I know about atoms

Things I would like to know about atoms

Activity 1Follow the steps starting on pg.

702Complete steps #1-13 recording

your data along the wayReaction:

◦2Al + 3CuCl2 3Cu + 2AlCl3◦Single displacement reaction

Time: 45 minutes

Activity 2Discuss your results and put

them in the table drawn on the board

You will do a lab write up (CERR model) for this lab

Check the instructions and what to include on the wiki

Due: Thursday, September 27Time: 10 minutes

Results Finding the mass of aluminum

1. Mass of empty beaker2. Mass of beaker and aluminum foil3. Mass of aluminum

Finding the mass of copper (II) chloride4. Mass of weighing paper5. Mass of paper and copper (II) chloride6. Mass of copper (II) chloride

Finding the mass of the product7. Mass of dry filter paper8. Mass of filter paper with product, after drying9. Mass of product

Closing and HomeworkDiscuss the following questions:

◦What is the difference between an element and a compound?

◦How is an atomic mass unit defined◦How does the existence of atoms help

explain the Law of Definite Proportions?Homework:

◦Read Chem Talk (pg. 706)◦Chemistry to go (pg. 710) #1, 3◦Preparing for the Chapter Challenge

Day 4: Are Atoms Indivisible? Learning Objectives:

◦Discover what the cathode ray tube is and how a magnet effects the behaviour of the cathode ray

◦Discuss Thomson’s conclusion about cathode rays

◦Research the structure of atoms◦Organize your understanding of

some of the different particles that comprise matter

StarterIf you could observe a single atom of gold and a single atom of lead, how do you think they would be different? What would they have in common?Time: 15 minutes

Activity 1We will go to the elementary

computer lab to research the different atomic theories

The theories we will focus on are:◦Thomson◦Rutherford

Use the handout provided and answer the questions

Time: 45 minutes

Activity 2Sit with a partner (or group of 3)

and follow steps 3-6 on pp. 714-715.

There is blank paper, rulers and markers that you can use.

Do not spend too much time making your game board.

Time: 25 minutes

Closing and HomeworkDiscuss the following questions:

◦What is an electron?◦Thomson’s model of an atom is

referred to as the “plum pudding” model. Why is this an appropriate comparison?

◦Why was Rutherford surprised that some alpha particles bounced back from the gold foil?

◦What is the nucleus of an atom?

Closing and HomeworkHomework:

◦Read Chem Talk, pg. 716◦Chemistry to go, pg. 719 #1, 3, 4, 5

Day 5: The Chemical Behavior of AtomsLearning Objectives:

◦View the spectrum of hydrogen◦Interpret changes in electron energies in the

hydrogen atom to develop an explanation for where the coloured light in the hydrogen spectrum

◦Use Bohr’s model of the atom to predict parts of the hydrogen atom spectrum

◦Calculate and compare the wavelengths, energies and frequencies of light of different colours

◦ Identify regions in the electromagnetic spectrum

StarterA neon sign uses electricity and a

gas-filled tube to produce a coloured light

A fluorescent bulb uses electricity, a gas-filled tube and a phosphor coating to produce a white light

How is the colour produced in a neon sign?

Time: 15 minutes

Activity 1The following video shows 6

different gases in a discharge tube

The following gases are shown:◦H, He, Ne, Ar, Hg, H2O

Note the differences in the colours and the brightness of the light emitted

Time: 10 minutes

Activity 2Look at the picture on the

following slide of a hydrogen spectrum.

What colours do you see? The colour of light is determined

by its frequency; the greater energy in the light, the greater the frequency

Frequency = speed of light ÷ wavelength

Activity 2 (cont’d)Complete steps 2-4 calculating

the frequencies and energies of the different colours produced from the hydrogen atom (p. 722-724)

Complete the table. What colour of light corresponds with the wavelength?

Time: 45 minutes

Activity 3Draw the visible spectrum Include the wavelengths of the

different coloursTime: 10 minutes

ClosingDiscuss the following questions:

◦How are visible light, UV light, infrared light, x-rays, microwaves, radio waves and gamma rays related?

◦Explain the meaning of wavelength.◦How do the energy levels of different

electron orbits compare?◦Why do elements produce certain

colour light when heated?

HomeworkRead Chem Talk, pg. 726Chemistry to Go, pg. 729 #1, 2,

4, 5