Unit 2 The French RevolutionChapter 7

1789-1815

Liberty, Equality, Fraternity

Nationalism

• The belief that people should be loyal mainly to their nation-that is to people who share a culture and history- rather than to a king or empire

Quote of the Day

“Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely”

Lord Acton (1834-1902)

Europe 1750-1789

Causes of the French Revolution

Revolution and France

• Old Regime – existing system of Feudalism under a King and Queen

• People divided into three estates, or social classes – First Estate– Second Estate– Third Estate

First Estate

• Clergy of Roman Catholic Church

• Anti-Enlightenment

• Owned 10% of land

• 2% of income to taxes

Second Estate• Rich nobles held high

offices in gov’t

• Anti-Enlightenment

• Owned 30% of land

• Paid almost no taxes

Third Estate• Consisted of three

groups– Bourgeoisie– Workers– Peasants

• 98% of population

• 80% of French are peasants

Third Estate• Peasants paid most of their

income in – taxes (like soap, salt & bread)– dues to nobles – tithes to the church

• Growing resentment towards 1st and 2nd Estates

• Pro-Enlightenment ideas

Weak Government• King Louis XVI inherits debt

• Borrowed to help American colonies defeat the British

• Crop failures and bread shortages

• Marie Antoinette – (Queen) overspending and uncaring

Estates General• France faced bankruptcy -

Louis XVI called an Estates General - assembly of representatives from all three estates to air grievances – a “cahier”

• Met on May 5, 1789 at Versailles

• Unfair voting practices led to more anger

Tennis Court Oath

• June 17, 1789 Third Estate establishes the National Assembly proclaiming the end of monarchy and the start of representative government

• Tennis Court Oath – indoor tennis court where delegates would stay until they made a new constitution

• The First Act of Real Revolution

• What are some “Injustices” students face at Central Bucks South?

• What can be done to address these problems?

• Create a CBS Cahier

Question of the Day

French Revolution QUIZ1. What was the “Old

Regime”?

2. Who was the King of France in 1789? #!

3. Who was “Madame Deficit”?

4. What are THREE “Enlightenment Ideas”?

5. Name THREE causes of the French Revolution. (other than Enlight. Ideas!)

6. Why was bread so important to the French people?

7. Who were the members of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Estates?

8. What was Versailles?

9. Explain the voting practices at The Estates General.

10. Who took the Tennis Court Oath?

Question of the Day

• Have you ever done something (that you regretted later!), and the only reason you did it was because of WHO you were with at the time?

French Governments 1789-1795

1. The Old Regime

– King and Queen

– Three Estates

– Feudal System

2. The National Assembly

– Declaration of the Rights of Man

– Abolish Feudalism and make

everyone “equal”

3. The Legislative Assembly

– Limited Constitutional Monarchy

– Radicals, Moderates,

Conservatives

4. The National Convention– King and Queen executed– Robespierre becomes dictator– The Terror!!!

King Louis XVI Executed• Political clubs – The

Jacobins – wanted to remove the King permanently

• Louis tried for treason and found guilty

• Guillotined January 21, 1793

The Terror• Maximilien Robespierre

becomes dictator

• Closes churches, changes calendar – (no Sundays, new dates)

• “Republic of Virtue”

• Reign of Terror

End of Robespierre• National Convention leaders

knew they were not safe from Robes…

• Executed on July 28, 1794

• Public opinion shifted to the Right (conservative)

• The Directory 1795 Death Mask of Robespierre

Napoleon Bonaparte

Napoleon Forges an Empire

Chapter 7 Sections 3 and 4

QoD

• What makes a person “GREAT”?

• Based on your definition of greatness, who in our society could be considered “great”?– Think about all walks of life…

politics, entertainment, sports, teaching, etc.

Napoleon Bonaparte• During the 1790’s-

• Defeated peasant uprising

• Defeated Austria in battle – protected France

• Became famous in Egypt

• By 1799 seen as national hero

• Beloved by his soldiers - $

Coup d’Etat• Encouraged to assume

political power by The Directory

• November 9, 1799 given full control of the military, gov’t immediately overthrown

• Becomes de facto Dictator – The First Consul

Internal France• The 1800-1804 plebiscites

gave NAP total power

• Taxation equality

• National banking system

• Set up lycees – gov’t run schools

• Signed concordat with Pope Pius VII– Restored relations with the

Church

• Napoleonic Code

– Uniform set of Laws

• Louisiana Purchase (1803)• $15 MIL goes straight to

French military

• Emperor

– December 2, 1804

– Wants his empire to include all of Europe AND into the Western Hemisphere

External Enemies• NAP defeats European

military powers

• Ignites French Nationalism

• Continues military campaign to rule Europe

• Spreading Enlightenment Ideas– really is self-serving

Napoleon’s Empire Collapses

Napoleon Biography

• The Glory of France– Video Analysis

The Downfall of Napoleon• The Battle of Trafalgar• The Continental System• The Peninsular War• The Invasion of Russia• The 100 Days (his first exile)• Waterloo

Battle of Trafalgar 1805• French navy defeated

by British fleet

• Horatio Nelson scores victory – dies

•RESULTS•Assured British naval supremacy•NAP can’t invade Britain•Wants to defeat Britain even more

The Continental System 1806• Blockade of British imports

and exports to weaken England’s economy

• Thanks to Trafalgar, British Navy too strong and blockade not tight enough

• RESULTS• Weakened French economy• Weakened European economy• European nations hated NAP

The Peninsular War 1808-1813• Portugal not adhering to NAP

• NAP makes brother Joseph King of Spain

• NAP Sends troops through Spain, Spanish riot in protest

• Guerrilla Warfare and British send troops to aid rebels

• RESULTS• Can’t defeat guerrillas and British• French Lose 300,000 troops• Other countries have HOPE and increased…

– NATIONALISM!!!

Invasion of Russia 1812

• Czar Alexander retreats to Moscow• Scorched-earth policy/slash & burn• Battle of Moscow – Russians burn city• October – too late to advance too late to retreat

• RESULTS• Fierce winter defeats French army – NAP retreats• NAP left France with 600,000 returns with 10,000• Other powers able to defeat depleted army at Leipzig

QoD• Is it always good to

“compromise”?

– When is compromise is a good thing, and when is it a bad thing?

– Pet Peeve: “We agree to disagree”!?!?! What does that even mean?

Napoleon’s Defeat• Fourth Coalition - Britain,

Russia, Prussia, and Sweden• October 1813 NAP defeated

at Battle of Leipzig

• By January 1814 enemies marching towards Paris

• April 1814 NAP surrenders

• Exiled to island of Elba

The 100 Days

• Louis XVIII on throne – unpopular brother

• NAP escapes from Elba and quickly re-establishes his military

• Louis XVIII flees

• June 1815 NAP defeated at Battle of Waterloo

• Exiled to St. Helena• Dies 1821 - Cancer?

Lord Wellington

“Nosey”

Hitler Visiting Napoleon’s Tomb

French Revolution Quiz 21. Declaration of the

______ of _______

2. Radicals, Moderates, __________

3. Newspaperman Jean-Paul _________ instigated violence

4. Maximillien_______ was a de facto dictator

5. Louis was tried for___________

6. Napoleon was born in _____.

7. Set of laws NAP established are the ______________ Code.

8. On December 2, 1804 NAP named himself ________

9. One of NAP’s biggest mistakes was the 1812 Invasion of_______.

10. NAP’s final defeat was at the Battle of ______________.

The Congress of ViennaCh. 7 Section 5

• European powers wanted to restore stability• Austrian Prince Klemens von Metternich

• Three goals:

1.ContainmentSurround France with strong countries

2.Balance of Power Strengthen all European nations

3.Legitimacy Restore Europe’s royal families

Congress of Vienna• LONG TERM RESULTS• Monarchies restored• Increased power of Britain and

Prussia (Germany)

• Increased nationalism thru Europe• European colonies declared

independent• Seeds of Revolution throughout the

world

• BUT peace on the continent for nearly 100 years!

Essential Question 30 pts.

• “When is Revolution Justified?”– Use specific examples from your notes, videos, class

discussion, and your project to fully answer the question

– Five paragraphs

– Graphic Organizer

– Terms to think about:

• Nationalism

• Enlightenment Ideas

• Natural Rights

• Purpose of Government