Unit 2

R E L I E F

1- What is the Earth made of?

Magma

Activities

Exercise 1 on page 15 in your

notebooks.

2- What is the Earth’s relief?

Ocean relief

Ocean relief

Activity

Exercise 1 on page 17.

3- Why do landscapes change?

CHANGES IN RELIEF

EROSION: the wearing away of rocks and other

deposits on the earth's surface by the action of

water, ice, wind, etc.

SEDIMENTATION: material that has been

deposited from water, ice, or wind.

SEDIMENTATION

The course of a river

CAUSES OF EROSION

Activities

Exercises 1, 2 and 3 on page 19.

4- How does relief shape our planet?

Continental drift theoryContinental drift is the movement of the Earth's continents

relative to each other by appearing to drift across the ocean bed. The concept was developed by Alfred Wegener in 1912. The theory of continental drift was supported by the theory of plate tectonics, which explains how the continents move.

Evidence for the movement of continents on tectonic plates is now extensive. Similar plant and animal fossils are found around different continent shores, suggesting that they were once joined.

Pangaea (/pænˈdʒiːə/) was a supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras, forming about 300 million years ago. It began to break apart around 200 million years ago. The single global ocean which surrounded Pangaea is accordingly named Panthalassa.

Pangaea

Tectonic platesA theory that explains the global distribution of geological

phenomena such as seismicity, volcanism, continental drift, and mountain building in terms of the formation, destruction, movement, and interaction of the earth's lithospheric plates.

Faults and folds

5- What are volcanoes and earthquakes?

Geyser and hot springs

Earthquakes

Activities

Exercises 1 and 3 on page 21.Exercises 1 and 2 on page 22.