Unit 2 Notes 2
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Transcript of Unit 2 Notes 2
1. According to Pericles, what made Athens great?
2. Why do you think Pericles would call Athens the “school of Greece”?
3. How did he help Athens dominate the Delian League?
4. How did Pericles make Athens more democratic?
5. How did culture in Athens blossom under Pericles?
Homework Review
When was it?◦ The period of roughly
480 BC-404 BC What was it?
◦ A time when Athens produced some of the most enduring cultural artifacts of the Western tradition
Why did it occur?◦ End of the Persian
Wars◦ Delian League
established
The Golden Age of Athens
The Golden Age of Athens
Public buildings and spaces were the pride of Athens
Acropolis “high city”- temples to the gods
What did Athens look like?
The Acropolis, today
Most famous temple on the acropolis
Huge statue of Athena in it
The Parthenon
Philosophy
“Lovers of wisdom”◦ Philos- lover◦ Sophist-wise
Believed the human mind could understand everything
Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Pythagoras
Philosophy
Socrates◦ Socratic
Method- Asked students to use their reason and see things for themselves
◦ Put to death for “threatening” leaders
◦ Drank poison to carry out jury’s sentence
Philosopher Review
One of Socrates’ students Wrote “The Republic”
◦ Society should be arranges like this:
◦ Top: Philosopher-Kings, who rule with reason
◦ Warriors- to defend ◦ The Rest- Driven by desire
Started a school called the Academy
Plato
Student of Plato
Taught the Golden Mean- people should do nothing in excess
Used scientific approach to solve problems
Aristotle
Temple of Apollo at Delphi
Religion
Extremely important to the Greeks- this is shown in the temples
Gods and goddesses had power over an area of life
Example:◦ Ares: god of war◦ Apollo: god of sun,
poetry, and music
Religion
Oracle- “to speak”
Oracles were thought to be portals through which the gods spoke directly to people
Religion, continued
Acropolis
Architecture
Architectural Terms•Cornice is the set of crowning moldings that cap an entablature in Classical architecture.
•The Doric order is characterized by the series of triglyphs and metopes on the entablature.
•Each metope was occupied by a panel of relief sculpture.
•Architrave:The word is derived from the Greek word for main beam.
•Capital: The topmost element of the column, helps to transfer loads from beams to columns.
•Shaft: The long round section of a column between the base and the capital.
triglyph
metope
capital
architrave
shaft
cornice
flute
Architectural Influences
Doric Column
Amphitheaters Arches
Aqueducts Theaters
IonicColum
n
CorinthianColumn
Doric Architecture
The Doric style is rather sturdy and its top (the capital), is plain.
Doric Architecture in America
Doric Columns on Thomas Jefferson’s house
Ionic Architecture
The Ionic style is thinner and more elegant.
The capital is decorated with a scroll-like design
Ionic Architecture in America
Corinthian Architecture
The Corinthian style is seldom used in the Greek world, but often seen on Roman temples.
The capital is very elaborate and decorated with leaves
Corinthian Architecture in America
US Capitol Building
US Supreme Court
Amphitheaters Amphi- means "around" in
Greek.
The amphitheatre was the place where people went to see fights.
Usually outdoor arenas where people watched sporting events and plays.
Amphitheaters in AmericaBeaver Stadium, PSU
Other Greek Ideas: Theaters and Arches
Dodoni Ancient Greek Theater, Northwest Greece
The Arch of Constantine; background right, the Colosseum.
Sports
Main goal- to honor the gods and goddesses
Most famous games- Olympics◦ Honored Zeus, ruler
of the gods, at Olympia
Sports