Unit 2 minerals

Mr. Froelich

MINERALS

FIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF MINERALS

1. Formed in Nature Not Human Made


2. Inorganic Formed from nonliving things

Ex: Iron, Lead


3. Solid Has definite volume and

shape at normal conditions


4. Definite Chemical Composition Composition is same throughout mineral

Ex: Galena PbS (Lead Sulfide)


5. Crystalline Structure Atoms arranged in repeating pattern Highly Ordered

Organization Ex: NaCl

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE

WHAT TO ASK YOURSELF

• Is it organic material of any kind?• Is it a solid?• Is it naturally made?• Does it have a crystalline structure?

NOW LETS PLAY

Mineral or not?

DIAMOND

QUARTZ

GRANITE

FOSSIL

COPPER

ANSWERS

Minerals Non-MineralsDiamond Wood

Quartz Granite

Ice Fossil*

Copper Coal

Salt Glass

Sugar

Mr. Froelich

MINERAL PROPERTIES

COLOR

o Not always reliableo Impurities – other materials in ito Mineral contact with water or the atmosphereo Defects in the crystalline structure

LUSTERo Ability to reflect light of surface

o Metallic – looks as if made of metalo Nonmetallic – looks glassy or not like metalo Pearly- looks like a pearlo Waxy-Looks like waxo Earthy

HARDNESS

o Moh’s Scale of Hardnesso Ranges from 1(soft) to

10(hard)

Nail (4.5)

Write this table down

STREAK

o Color of powder when scraped on porcelain

DENSITY

• Density of copper is 8.96 g/mL

• This is used because minerals have specific densities

CRYSTAL SHAPE

o The way atoms/molecules arrange while mineral forms

CLEAVAGEo When minerals break along smooth surfaceso Can have cleavage in multiple directions

FRACTURE

o When minerals break with jagged or rough surfaces

CLEAVAGE/FRACTURE

o NOTE: Minerals can contain both cleavage and fracture!

Cleavage

Fracture

1. Carbonates react with acids to form bubbles of CO2.

2. Some minerals fluoresce (glow) when exposed to UV light.

3. Some respond to magnets.

4. Some are radioactive.Calcite reacts with acid

SPECIAL PROPERTIES

Unit 2 minerals

Science

Transcript of Unit 2 minerals