Unit 2 Literature - Interface 4th ESO
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UNIT 2
LITERATURE
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In this unit, we will work on…
• Vocabulary: Literary genres
Compound nouns
• Grammar: Past Simple and Continuous
Past Perfect
Time expressions with the Past Perfect
• Reading: ‘Dog Star’: a short story
A success story
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• Listening: Book or film?
• Speaking: Talking about books
Asking for and giving opinions
• Writing: A book review
Describing books
• Our project: Our oral presentations
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Vocabulary 1: Literary Genres
• Play: obra de teatre• Adventure (book/ novel): llibre/ novel.la d’aventures• Romantic novel: novela romàntica• Biography: biografia• Autobiography: autobiografia• Science fiction / sci-fi (book): (llibre) de ciència ficció• Fantasy: de fantasia• Thriller: de thriller (misteri i suspens)• Non-fiction: no-ficció• Poetry: poesia• Comic: comic• Crime (story / novel): història/ novel.la de crim• Short story: història curta• Historical fiction: ficció històrica
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Vocabulary 2: Compound Nouns
NOUN + NOUN• Book deal: ‘pacte literari’ (quan
un autor negocia les condicionsde publicació del seu llibre)
• School holiday: vacances escolars
• Postcard: postal
• Computer program: programa d’ordinador
• Bookshop: llibreria
• Love letter: carta d’amor
• Text message: missatge de text
• Audiobook: audiollibre
ADJECTIVE + NOUN
• Social life: vida social
• Best-seller: èxit de vendes
• Popular press: premsapopular/populista
• Secondary school: escolasecundària
• Public library: biblioteca pública
• Graphic novel: novel.la gràfica
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PAST SIMPLE FORM
AFFIRMATIVE+
NEGATIVE-
QUESTIONS?
SHORT ANSWERS
USE We use the Past Simple to talk about events in the past.
TO BE I /he / she / itWAS (era / estava)
You / we / theyWERE
I /he / she / itWASN’T
You / we / theyWEREN’T
(QW) + WAS / WERE + Subject
(S) ?
Were you at school?
Yes, subject + WAS /WERE
NO, subject + WASN’T / WEREN’T
OTHER VERBSv -ed
S + (Reg. V.)
Irregular V.
I PLAYED chess.I WENT home.
S + DIDN’T + V
I DIDN’T PLAY…I DIDN’T GO…
(QW) + DID + SUBJECT +
Verb?
What DID youdo?
DID he PLAY?
Yes, S + DIDNO, S + DIDN’T
-Yes, he DID.No, he DIDN’T.
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IMPORTANT!
• USE: We use the Past Simple to talk about short actions in the PAST.
• -ed formation rules:
1. Vb. + -ed play + -ed = played / discover = discovered
2. V- consonant + -e + -d explore = explored
3. One syllable V- ending in cons. + vowel + cons. We
double the last consonant.
stop + -ed = stopped travel + -ed = travelled
4. Vb. Consonant + -y -ied
Cry + -ed = cried try + -ed = tried
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PAST CONTINUOUS FORM
AFFIRMATIVE + NEGATIVE -
Subject + WAS / WERE + V-ing
She was reading a fantastic book.
Subject + WASN’T / WEREN’T + V-ing
She wasn’t chatting on the Internet.
I WAS READINGJo estava llegint
I WAS NOT / WASN’T READINGJo no estava llegint
You WERE READINGTu estaves llegint
You WERE NOT / WEREN’T READINGTu no estaves llegint
HeShe WAS READINGItEll/a estava llegint
HeShe WASN’T READINGItEll/a no estava llegint
WeYou WERE READINGThey
Nosaltres estàvem / vosaltres estàveuElls/-es estaven llegint
WeYou WEREN’T READINGThey
Nosaltres no estàvem / vosaltres no estàveu / Ells/-es no estaven llegint
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PAST CONTINUOUS FORM QUESTIONS ? SHORT ANSWERS (sh.a.)
(Question + WAS / + subject + verb –ing?Word - QW) WERE
What were you doing ?Was he listening to music?
Yes, subject + WAS /WERENO, subject + WASN’T / WEREN’T
-Yes, he was. // No, he wasn’t.
WAS I PLAYING?Estava jo jugant?
Yes, I WAS.No, I WASN’T.
WERE you PLAYING?Estaves tu jugant?
Yes, I WAS.No, I WASN’T.
HeWAS She PLAYING?
ItEll/a estava jugant?
Yes, he / she / it WAS.No, he / she /it WASN’T.
WeWERE You PLAYING?
TheyNosaltres estàvem / vosaltres estàveu /
ells/-es estaven jugant?
Yes, we WERE.No, we WEREN’T.
Yes, they WERE.No, they WEREN’T.
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IMPORTANT!
• USE: We use the Past Continuous to talk about actions in progress in the PAST.
• Gerund formation rules:
1. V- + -ing play + -ing = playing / study + -ing = studying
2. V- consonant + -e + -ing come + -ing = coming
3. One syllable V- ending in cons. + vowel + cons. We
double the last consonant.
stop + -ing = stopping swim + -ing = swimming
4. Irregular forms:
Die + -ing = dying Lie + -ing = lying
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PAST SIMPLE vs. CONTINUOUSPAST SIMPLE PAST CONTINUOUS
WE USE IT FOR …• Short finished actions
Mike BROKE his leg.• Longer actions
I WAS HAVING a shower.
• An event that interrupts a longer action
WHEN she ARRIVEDQuan ella va arrivar
everybody WAS DANCING.tothom estava ballant.
WHEN + Past Simple(quan)
My father was cooking (Past Cont.)
when I got home.(Past S.)
El meu pare estava cuinant quan vaig arribar a casa.
WHILE + PAST CONT.(mentre)
While my father was cooking, my mother (Past Cont.)
was fixing the lights.
Mentre que el meu pare estava cuinant, la meva mare estava arreglant les llums.
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PAST PERFECT FORM
AFFIRMATIVE + NEGATIVE -
Subject + HAD + past participle (V-ed/3rd column)
She had read a fantastic book.
Subject + HADN’T + past participle (V-ed/3rd column)
She hadn’t read on the Internet.
I HAD READJo havia llegit
I HADN’T READJo havia llegit
You HAD READTu havies llegit
You HADN’T READTu no havies llegit
HeShe HAD READItEll/a havia llegit
HeShe HADN’T READItEll/a no havia llegit
WeYou HAD READThey
Nosaltres havíem / vosaltres havíeuElls/-es havien llegit
WeYou HADN’T READThey
Nosaltres no havíem / vosaltres no havíeu / ells/-es no havien llegit
• We use the past perfect to talk about an action that happened before another action in the past
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PAST PERFECT FORM QUESTIONS ? SHORT ANSWERS (sh.a.)
(Question + HAD + subject + p. part. ?Word –QW)
What had you done ?Had he listened to music?
Yes, subject + HADNO, subject + HADN’T
-Yes, he had. // No, he hadn’t.
HAD I PLAYED?Havia jugat?
Yes, I HAD.No, I HADN’T.
HAD you PLAYED?Havies jugat?
Yes, I HAD.No, I HADN’T.
HeHAD She PLAYED?
ItEll/a havia jugat?
Yes, he / she / it HAD.No, he / she /it HADN’T.
WeHAD You PLAYED?
TheyNosaltres havíem / vosaltres havíeu / ells/-
es havien jugat?
Yes, we HAD.No, we HADN’T.
Yes, they HAD.No, they HADN’T.
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Time expressions with thePast Perfect
• By the time: en el moment
By the time we arrived, the film had started
• After: després
We arrived after the film had started
• Before: abans
The film had started before we arrived
• Already: ja
The film had already started when we arrived
• By then: en el temps/moment
We arrived at 7 pm. By then the film had started