Unit 2. Islam “submission to the will of Allah” Muslim “one who has submitted” First...
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Transcript of Unit 2. Islam “submission to the will of Allah” Muslim “one who has submitted” First...
CREATION OF THE ISLAMIC RELIGION Islam
“submission to the will of Allah”
Muslim “one who has
submitted” First Followers
Khadija and close friends First sermons
Muhammad began preaching in Mecca
Drew criticism because people feared that monotheism would cause Mecca to lose pilgrims
MUHAMMAD
Born in 570 AD Married at 25 to Khadija Religious revelation at 40
Believed Angel Gabriel spoke to him
Mecca and Medina Kicked out of Mecca for
preaching Converted the people of
Medina to Islam Defeated Mecca in 630 AD
Dies in 632
DIVISION OF ISLAM
By 750 the Islamic Empire stretched from the Indus River to the Atlantic Ocean Expanded north vs. weakened Byzantine Empire Many conquered people accepted Islamic faith
Did not have to pay a tax placed on non-Muslims if they did
Abbasid Caliphate (750-1258) ruled in the East Umayyad Caliphate of al-Andalus(756-976) ruled in Spain Fatimid Caliphate (909-1171) ruled in North Africa Division
Arose after the murder of Ali, son-in-law of Muhammad Opposed by the Shi’a who had supported Ali The Umayyad’s became known as Sunni Sufi Muslims began as an opposition to both
OTTOMAN EMPIRE
Orkhan I Succeeded his father,
Osman, as sultan Conquered Adrianople
from the Byzantine Empire Ruled justly
Was kind to conquered people
Used system of local governments
Muslims – served in army but did not pay tax
Non Muslims – did not serve in army but did pay tax
Expansion Halted Timur the Lame’s invasion
Defeated the Turks in 1402 at Battle of Ankara
What is the status of the islands of Crete and Cyprus in this map? What does this tell you about the Ottoman Empire’s military? Why is this an important distinction given the date this map depicts?
OTTOMAN EXPANSION PEAKS
Sultan Mehmed II takes Constantinople (1453)
Selim the Grim takes Mecca and Medina (1510’s)
Suleyman the Great Takes Belgrade, Tripoli, and
parts of Austria and Hungary (1520’s)
Most powerful monarch on earth at that time
Had a splendid court and a well disciplined military
Post Suleyman Ottoman Empire slowly
decays until it ceases to exist after World War I
MUGHAL EMPIRE
The Mughals Mongol group that
ruled India after defeating the Turks
Babur Founder of Mughals Brilliant general
Defeated the Turks Victories began
Mughal expansion into India
MUGHAL EMPIRE
Akbar Babur’s grandson Ruled Mughal India from
1556 to 1605 Military leader
Unified a population of 100 million people
Blended cultures Married women who were not
Muslim Allowed freedom of religion Abolished tax on non-Muslims Had Jesuit missionaries teach
his son Bureaucratic government Promoted art, literature, and
architecture
MUGHAL EMPIRE
Akbar’s successors Jahangir
Allowed his wife, a Persian named Nur Jahan, to do most of the ruling
Attempted to make Islam the state religion of the Mughals
Son, Khusaru, rebelled against him and joined the Sikhs Sikh’s blend teachings of Buddhism, Hinduism, and Sufi Islam
Jahangir targeted Sikhs for religious persecution
Shah Jahan – 2nd son and successor to Jahangir Assassinated all rivals for the throne Loved 2 things – beautiful buildings and his wife, Mumtaz
Mahal Did a poor job managing a nation during famine and war