Unit 2

Iron and the Effects of Exercise

Background Information （ 1 ）

Purdue University:

History Founded in 1869 and named after benefactor John

Purdue. Student Body

students from 50 states and 130 countries

Background Information （ 2 ）

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise It is a multidisciplinary journal featuring original investig

ation, clinical studies, and comprehensive reviews on current topics in sports medicine and exercise science. With this multidisciplinary journal, exercise physical therapists, team physicians and athletic trainers get a vital exchange of information form basic and applied science, medicine, education, and allied health fields. For more information, please check out tis homepage at http://www.ms-se.com.

Background Information （ 3 ）

Digestive system The digestive system is a series of hollow organs joined

in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the anus. Inside this tube is a lining called the mucosa. In the mouth, stomach, and small interstine, the mucosa contains, tiny glands that produce juices to help digest food. For more information abut the digestive system, please see http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health/digest/pubs/digesyst/newdiges.htm.

Text Structure Analysis:

Part One (Para 1): Pointing out the problem: even moderate exercise

may lead to reduced iron in the blood of women.

Part Two (Para 2-3): Providing evidence for the problem—three evidenc

e has been provided. Part Three (Para 4): Analysis of general causes for the problem---four ca

uses have been mentioned.

Part Four (Para 5-6): Analysis of specific causes for the problem--- two re

asons Part Five (Para 7-8): Analysis of effects of iron deficiency—two effects

Text Structure Analysis:

Part Six (Para 9): Analysis of the importance of checking iron reserves

—three points.

Part Seven (Para 10-11): Solutions to the problem—5 solutions Part Eight (Para 12):

Evaluation Part Four (Para 5-6): Analysis of specific causes for the problem--- two re

asons What is the writing pattern of this passage? Problem---Analysis---Solution

Exercises may lead to more loss of iron in females, which in turn produces serious effects on their health. According to sports medicine experts, active women should pay more attention to iron deficiency in their bodies and take correct measures to remedy it before it really becomes a problem.

Summary of the Text:

bounce back up to take in at risk be liable to do high-impact sports a condition that out of breath throw up derive …from go up interfere with

Words and Expressions

We lost two or three early games in the World Cup, but we bounced back.

在世界杯比赛中我们先输了几场，但后来又赢回来了。

He is young enough to bounce back from this disappointment.

他很年轻，能够从这次挫折恢复过来。

1. L

1. bounce back: return to the normal and healthy state of feeling or activity （ para3 ）

2. up to: as far as; to and including (para 4)

Up to 10 men can sleep in this tent. 这帐篷里可以睡 10 个人。

Everyone works, from the boy who sweeps the floor up to the President.

每个人都工作，下至扫地的男孩上到总统。

3. take in: allow air, drink or food to enter one’s body (Para4)

The wounded soldier was so weak that he could hardly take in even liquid.

这名受伤的战士身体太弱，甚至不能喝流体食物。

Heavy food is too oily for the body to take in. 油腻的食物不适宜身体吸收。

4. at risk : in danger (Para4)

The disease is spreading, and all children under five are at risk.

疾病在蔓延， 5 岁以下的孩子都有被传染的危险。

Up to 2,000 jobs are still at risk. 仍有失业危险的人多达 2,000 。

5. be liable to do: 1) be likely to do 2) often suffer from (Para4)

He is liable to shout when angry. 他一生气就高声叫喊。

She will not grow into a woman particularly liable to depression.

她不会变成一个容易沮丧的女人。

6. high-impact sports: sports that require great endurance (Para6)

The lady is too old to do high-impact sports. 这位女士年纪太大了不适宜做高强度的耐力运动。

High-impact sports are not suitable for small children.

小孩子都不适合高强度的耐力运动。

7. The first and most common is having low iron reserves, a condition that typically has no symptom. (Para7)

Meaning: The first stage of iron deficiency---which is also the most common– is one in which one doesn’t have much iron stored in the body. And during this stage there are usually no signs of iron deficiency.

“a condition that…” serves as an appositive, generalizing the preceding clause.

8. out of breath: It means people cannot breathe easily (Para7)

When he finally got on the train, he was out of breath. 在他最后登上火车时，他已经是气喘吁吁。

At the end of the race the winner was out of breath.

获胜者跑到终点时已经上气不接下气了。

9. throw up: without something or someone unwanted; safe from (Para4)

The child has thrown up her dinner again! 这孩子又把她吃的晚饭吐了。

She said that she had thrown up after reading reports of the trial.

她说她读了关于审判的报道后感到恶心。

10. derive …from: 1) obtain from 2) come from (Para11)

He is one of those people who can derive pleasure from helping others.

有些人从帮助他人中得到了快乐，他便是其中之一。

These are defensive behavior patterns which derive from our subconscious fears.

这些防范的行为模式源自于我们潜意识里的恐惧。

11. go up : rise, increase; become higher (Para11)

The temperature is going up; will the snow melt? 温度在升高，雪会融化吗？

My weight keeps going up although I try not to eat too much.

虽然我尽力不多吃，我的体重还是越来越重。

12. Interfere with : 1) get in the way of 2) touch or cause damage to (Para11)

Nothing must be allowed to interfere with our plans for the weekend.

决不允许任何事情干扰我们的周末计划。

Somebody’s been interfering with my papers again; I do wish everyone would leave them alone. I have them carefully organized. 又有人动了我的稿子，我真的希望不要有人动它们，我都仔细地把它们按顺序放好了。

13. sum up : 1) give a short account of sth. 2) make a total of an amount (para 12)

I can best sum up the advantages of the system by describing some recent encouraging results.

通过描述最近取得的令人鼓舞的成果，我能很好地概括该系统的长处。

These ten books sum up this year’s production. 这 10本书概括了今年的全部成果。

Questions for discussion

1. After reading the passage, what is your attitude towards doing exercises?

2. Why might be the reasons for scientists to make experiments with rats or other animals?

3. According to the author, which one is more important, mind or body? Do you agree with him?

4. How can we stay healthy?

Writing ( 理由陈述类 )

My Way of Seeing Life 1. 人们从不同的角度看待人生 1) Life may be many things to many peo

ple. 2) Some may see it as building up as much material wealth as possible while others may view it as enjoying to the fullest the pleasures each day offers. ( 人们的看法举例 )

Writing ( 理由陈述类 )

2. 我所推崇的看法是 ······( 说明理由 ) 3) As far as I am concerned, however, I

would prefer to value it as my sole chance to enrich myself with knowledge first, then to serve the society with all my heart, and finally to leave the world without any regrets. ( 我的看法 )

Writing ( 理由陈述类 )

3. 进一步阐述 4) My outlook on life is bound up with three m

ajor factors. 5) Primarily, life is so wondrous that I am eager to explore it. (理由 I) 6) Set your heart on a mystery and you can find something new; attach more of your mind to a challenge and you can get a sense of success, all of which, however, depends on how much knowledge you have equipped yourself with first. (进一步阐述 )

Writing ( 理由陈述类 )

7) Secondly, life is also short to any individual like me. (理由 II) 8) The flower you have just kissed for the first time is now fading away while the love from others you have come to cherish more is already on the wane. (进一步阐述 ) 9) And most of all, both wondrousness and shortness of life push me to seize every golden minute and every golden chance. (理由 III) 10) Once I idle away the time I am supposed to grasp to study or work for the people, there will be no more hope of making up for it

4. 归纳 11) I have much option in this matter, but

I have never found any other way of seeing life more reasonable and acceptable than mine. 12) Thus, I will leave no stone unturned during the course of my college studies in order to pave the way for my meaningful and colorful life.