UNIT 2 DIVERSITY OF LIVING THINGSschools.alcdsb.on.ca/hcss/teacherpages/bernnadi/sbi3u/Lists... ·...

4
D01 Diversity of Living Things (solutions).notebook February 28, 2014 UNIT 2 DIVERSITY OF LIVING THINGS INTRODUCTION TO CLASSIFICATION Everyone classifies. Everything can be classified. It is a means of putting things into categories that have similar characteristics. A particularly important challenge to biologists is finding a way to classify Earth’s millions of living organisms. LET'S PLAY A GAME CALLED "PLANT vs. ANIMAL"... SO WHERE DO WE BEGIN? Aristotle classified living things into two large groups. He believed everything was either in the Kingdom Animalia or the Kingdom Plantae, terms we still use today. He said that animals were organisms that either moved and ingested food. Conversely, he thought that plants were organisms that didn't move and obtained food through photosynthesis. The problem then became organisms that didn't fit into these categories: Aristotle's concepts were accepted until the 17th century (1600's for those of you who don't know what that means...) when a brilliant invention made classification a LOT more difficult. Grade 10 review... what are the 8 characteristics of living organisms?

Transcript of UNIT 2 DIVERSITY OF LIVING THINGSschools.alcdsb.on.ca/hcss/teacherpages/bernnadi/sbi3u/Lists... ·...

Page 1: UNIT 2 DIVERSITY OF LIVING THINGSschools.alcdsb.on.ca/hcss/teacherpages/bernnadi/sbi3u/Lists... · D01 Diversity of Living Things (solutions).notebook February 28, 2014 UNIT 2 DIVERSITY

D01 ­ Diversity of Living Things (solutions).notebook February 28, 2014

UNIT 2 ­ DIVERSITY OF LIVING THINGSINTRODUCTION TO CLASSIFICATIONEveryone classifies.  Everything can be classified.  It is a means of putting things into categories that have similar characteristics.  A particularly important challenge to biologists is finding a way to classify Earth’s millions of living organisms.

LET'S PLAY A GAME CALLED "PLANT vs. ANIMAL"...

SO WHERE DO WE BEGIN?

Aristotle classified living things into two large groups.  He believed everything was either in the Kingdom Animalia or the Kingdom Plantae, terms we still use today.

He said that animals were organisms that either moved and ingested food.

Conversely, he thought that plants were organisms that didn't move and obtained food through photosynthesis.

The problem then became organisms that didn't fit into these categories:

Aristotle's concepts were accepted until the 17th century (1600's for those of you who don't know what that means...) when a brilliant invention made classification a LOT more difficult.

Grade 10 review... what are the 8 characteristics of living organisms?

Page 2: UNIT 2 DIVERSITY OF LIVING THINGSschools.alcdsb.on.ca/hcss/teacherpages/bernnadi/sbi3u/Lists... · D01 Diversity of Living Things (solutions).notebook February 28, 2014 UNIT 2 DIVERSITY

D01 ­ Diversity of Living Things (solutions).notebook February 28, 2014

THE MICROSCOPE

In 1866, Ernst Haekel, a German biologist, proposed classifying all micro­organisms that were neither plants or animals into a third Kingdom, called Kingdom Protista.

WHEN IN DOUBT, MAKE SOMETHING UP

Mushrooms and moulds were originally placed in the animal kingdom because they didn't perform photosynthesis.  They now belong in a fourth Kingdom, called Kingdom Fungi.

KINGDOMS #5 & 6

Bacterial cells differ from cells of other kingdoms as they lack a nucleus and other organelles.  They were placed into a 5th kingdom called Kingdom Monera.

In the 1990’s there was growing interest in bacteria that grew in extreme environments.  Detailed studies showed that these organisms were not in fact bacteria, but differed in protein and RNA structure, splitting the Kingdom Monera into the previously mentioned Kingdom Bacteria and the Kingdom Archaeabacteria, featuring these extreme environment prokaryotic organisms.

Page 3: UNIT 2 DIVERSITY OF LIVING THINGSschools.alcdsb.on.ca/hcss/teacherpages/bernnadi/sbi3u/Lists... · D01 Diversity of Living Things (solutions).notebook February 28, 2014 UNIT 2 DIVERSITY

D01 ­ Diversity of Living Things (solutions).notebook February 28, 2014

NATURAL DIVISION

The 6 kingdoms are divided naturally.  Kingdoms Bacteria and Archaeabacteria are made of prokaryotic cells while the other 4 kingdoms are made up of eukaryotic cells.    

This fundamental difference led to the creation of a level above kingdoms called DOMAINS.

Within the Domain Eukarya, the Kingdom Protista has the greatest diversity.  For example, there is much greater genetic difference between two species of protists than there is between a carrot and a Siberian tiger!

Many scientists have suggested breaking up Kingdom Protista into two or three more Kingdoms, but no one has accepted that challenge yet… 

Page 4: UNIT 2 DIVERSITY OF LIVING THINGSschools.alcdsb.on.ca/hcss/teacherpages/bernnadi/sbi3u/Lists... · D01 Diversity of Living Things (solutions).notebook February 28, 2014 UNIT 2 DIVERSITY

D01 ­ Diversity of Living Things (solutions).notebook February 28, 2014