Unit 2: Deep-level gold mining on the Witwatersrand 1886 onwards
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Unit 2: Deep-level gold mining on the Witwatersrand 1886 onwards Powerpoint presentation created by: Mr L Taute [email protected] Textbook page 112 - 129 1
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Unit 2: Deep-level gold mining on the Witwatersrand 1886 onwards. Textbook page 112 - 129. Powerpoint presentation created by: Mr L Taute [email protected]. 1.Why is gold valuable?. Gold is a precious metal. Others are platinum & silver. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Unit 2: Deep-level gold mining on the Witwatersrand 1886 onwards
Unit 2:Deep-level gold mining on the Witwatersrand 1886 onwards
Unit 2:Deep-level gold mining on the Witwatersrand 1886 onwards
Powerpoint presentation created by:Mr L Taute
Textbook page 112 - 129
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1. Why is gold valuable?
• Gold is a precious metal. Others are platinum & silver.• Durability – Does not corrode under normal
circumstances.• Flexibility – Most flexible/pliant of all metals.• Conductivity – Good conductor of electricity & heat• Heat reflecting – Can reflect heat rays. Thus very
valuable as a heat protector in space suits & vehicles.• Colour – One of very few metals (copper is another)
that is coloured, making it ideal for jewellery making.
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2. The discovery of gold on the Witwatersrand
• In 1872 gold was discovered on the farm Spitskop, in the Z.A.R. , by Edward Button.
• In 1886 a second, much larger deposit of gold was struck on the Witwatersrand.– On the farm Langlaagte.
• This discovery changed S.A. to becoming the largest gold-producing country in the world.
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2.1 How gold is minedOpen-pit mining vs Underground gold mines
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Self-studyp.113
2.2 What are the conditionsunderground?
Self-studyp.114
• There was huge demand for a cheap labour system.• Africans would be promised jobs on the mines in return for
wages and accommodation, but they had to sign contracts that forced them to work on the mined for a stipulated number ofyears.
• When black migrant workersarrived at the mines, theywere placed in a mine compound.
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2.3 Randlords and the Chamber of Mines2.3.1 Randlords2.3.2 Chamber of Mines
p.115LEAVEout!
2.4 Migrant workers
2.4 Migrant workers (continues)
3 Maatreëls is ingestel om swart trekarbeid by die myne verder te beheer:
1.Passe is uitgereik. Dié het hulle gekeer om hul kontrakte vroeg te eindig OF om van een myn na ‘n ander oor te gaan.
2.Swart vakbonde was verbode.3. ‘n Dopstelsel is begin: Deel van hul salaris is
met alkohol betaal. Dit het gelei dat hul later afhanklik van alkohol word.
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2.5 Burden on women in the reserves and erosion of families.
• Life for the families of the migrant workers became very hard without the men to help. There was an increasing burden on women in the reserves and the family structure began to erode.
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Self-studyp.118(Read
through)
2.6 Skilled and unskilled white workers
• Deep-level mining was new to S.A. And experienced miners were needed.
• In 1897 skilled miners earned £18-22 p.m. , while unskilled miners were earning only £ 2-3 p.m.
• Further tensions: Mine ownershad imported more than60 000 Chinese men to work on the gold minesin the gold mines in1904-1910.
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Self-study
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p.120 -122(Read through)
2.6.1 The role of unions2.6.2 Job reservation2.7 Anti-Indian legislation2.8 Forms of labour resistance2.8.1 The Industrial and Commercial Workers’ Union
2.9 The city Johannesburg• The gold discovered at Langlaagte seemed to never run
dry. The discovery of gold attracted many prospectors from all over the world!
• New shops and houses made out of corrugated iron were erected almost overnight. It soon became a lively town with pubs, shops and canteens opening all the time.
• Johannesburg only officially became a city in 1928 it was set up as a town as early as 1886.
• Within 10 years, the town was already the largest in S.A. , outstripping the growth of Cape Town, which was more than 200 years older.
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Homework: Act 6 p. 123-124
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Interactive video on p.125 in e-book
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3. The Mineral Revolution:a turning point in S.A.’s history
• Caused a population movement in all race groups from rural to urban areas in search for work.
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3.1 The shifting balance of power• This began with the British move to unite S.A.
After the defeat of the Boer Republics (Anglo Boer War 1899-1902), and strengthenedthe Union in 1910 and the passing of the Natives’ Land Act in 1913.
3.1.1 Defeat of the Boer Republics in 1902
• In October 1899, the South African War (Anglo Boere War) between the Boers and the British began.
• At first the Boers were successful, but in 1900 more British troops arrived and the Boers finally surrendered in 1902.
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Textbook page 126
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3.1.1 Defeat of the Boer Republics in 1902 (continues)
• On 31 May 1910 the above was formed under British dominium.
• This was exactly 8 years after the signing of the Treaty of V Vereeniging, which had brought the South African War to an end.
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3.1.2 African Political Organisation: 19023.1.3 Transvaal Indian Congress: 19033.1.4 Bambatha Rebellion: 1906
p.126 untilp. 127LEAVEout !
3.1.5 Formation of the Union of S.A.
3.1.6 Formation of the South African Native National Congress
• In 1912 opposition to the Natives’ Land Act led to the formation of the above.
• Renamed the African National Congress (ANC) in 1923.
173.1.7 The Satyagraha-Campaign p127LEAVE out!
3.1.8 The Natives’ Land Act in1913
• This was the first mayor piece of legislation passed by the Union government.
• It excluded black South Africans from “white” South Africa by giving each “tribe” its own reserve. In total, these reserves amounted to about 7% of the land in South Africa.
• This act formed the cornerstone of apartheid when the National Party came to power.
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3.2 Map of Southern Africa: 1860 and 1913
• Interactive map on p. 129 in e-book!
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Powerpoint presentation created by:Mr L Taute
Handboek bladsy 44 - 59
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Unit 2:Deep-level gold mining on the Witwatersrand 1886 onwards
Unit 2:Deep-level gold mining on the Witwatersrand 1886 onwards
Textbook page 112 - 129
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