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Unit 2: Area of study 1Animal behavioursCriminal PenguinsWrite down all the behaviours that you saw in the video

Try to group these behaviours into categories (2mins)

Evil penguin is evil.Key knowledgeTo understand what behaviour is, and how it aids in survival

To understand and compare the differences between innate and learned behaviour

To distinguish different types of behaviour and determine how they contribute to the survival of an animal3Innate vs. Learned behaviourBehaviours are activities performed in response to a stimulusCan be classified as innate or learnedInnate behaviours are essentially the same for all members of a species they are sometimes referred to as instinctual behavioursLearned behaviours develop or change as a result of experience this can be a quick or long process depending on the stimulusRhythmic behavioursAnimals repeat behaviours at regular intervals rhythmic behaviours Rhythmic behaviours are regulated by internal and external factorsBiological clock (internal)Light, seasons (external)E.g. Feeding, migration, sleepingSome species sleep during the day, others at nightHow could sleeping patterns aid in the survival of a species?

Communication behavioursCommunication behaviours occurs in response to a stimulus

Involves a number of componentsStimulus for communicationSender of signalReceiver to whom the signal is directedThe kind of signal sentHow the signal is sentThe behaviour of the receiverThe setting of the communication

The male bowerbird carefully builds a nest to signal to females that he is ready to mate. Blue components of a nest are most visible to bowerbirds Social behavioursSocial interactions involve two or more individuals

May be cooperative (mating) or competitive (defending territories)

Indicates the organisation of a group and can determine hierarchyThis bison is attacked by another bison higher up the social hierarchy. Why is it important to establish a social hierarchy?

Learned behaviourBehaviours that develop or change as a result of experienceLearning by being shown how to do something driving a carMay involve copying or learning by trial and error a baby learning that sounds have meaning

ConditioningLearning where an association is made between a stimulus and an outcome

Reinforcement of behaviour at the onset of a stimulus strengthens the association

Can be voluntary or involuntary behaviour

E.g. Pavlovs dog (involuntary) or Skinners rat (voluntary)

HabituationThe ability to get used to a repeated stimulus e.g. Living in a noisy area

Habituation allows animals to distinguish between unimportant stimuli and those that are importantWhat might happenif we didnt habituate?Observational learningLearning as the result of observing the behaviours of others

Requires social interaction

Occurs without reinforcement of ongoing behaviour

Learning by observation and learning by personal experience: which of the two do you believe leaves a stronger impression on an individual?ImprintingThe formation of a close attachment to something in the environment shortly after hatching (usually the mother duck)

The duckling will follow those they imprint upon and learn from their behaviour

Combination of instinct and observational learning

Sometimes imprinting can go wrong. Predict what would happen to a duck that doesnt imprint on its mother.

Infographics can be used to present a lot of complex information quickly and clearlyYour taskSplit into groups of 3Groups will draw behaviours from a boxGo to http://easel.ly/ and create an infographic of your behaviourGroups will present their infographics and behaviours at the end of the doublePost your completed infographic to the Year 11 Biology wordpress blog following the presentations