Unit 17 Radioactive Decay
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Transcript of Unit 17 Radioactive Decay
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Unit 17Radioactive Decay
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Unstable Atoms
When the repulsive forces of the protons exceeds the ability of the strong nuclear force to hold them together, they are unstable.
In addition, sometimes nuclei are too heavy and have too many neutrons to remain together
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Three Types of Radiation
Alpha Particles- 2 protons and 2 neutronsBeta Particles- electronGamma Rays- Tiny electromagnetic waves
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Alpha Particles
* Represented by α (alpha)
* They are equivalent to the nuclei of a He atom
* (+2) Charge, heavy and slow moving
*Limited penetrating power, stopped by sheet of paper
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Alpha Particles
* Represented by α (alpha)* They are equivalent to the nuclei of a He atom* (+2) Charge, heavy and slow moving*Limited penetrating power, stopped by sheet of paper
Equation Example:
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Conversion From One Element to Another Through Alpha Decay
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Dangers of Radon Gas
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Radioactive Decay Series
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Radioactive Decay Series
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Radioactive Decay Series
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Radioactive Decay Series
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Radioactive Decay Series
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Beta Particles
Represented by β (beta)
(-) Charge, little mass, 100x faster than alpha
Basically high-speed electrons
Stopped by Aluminum Sheet.
Changes a Neutron into a Proton
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Beta Particles
Equation Example:
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Beta Decay Series
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Beta Decay Series
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Beta Decay Series
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Beta Decay Series
While it may seem it is cycling around, the difference is it keeps losing mass, thus it turns from Ra-228 to Ra-224
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Gamma Particles
Represented by ɣ (gamma)
Electromagnetic wave, no charge (neutral) or mass
Great speed, high-energy, very dangerous
High penetrating power
Only lead can stop them
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Radioactivity
Alpha, Beta and Gamma Particles
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Half-Life
Half-life is a measure of the rate of decay of a radioactive element.
It is the time it takes for half of the atoms to decay.
Number of Half Lives
Amount Remaining
Time
0 1
1 ½ 5,730 years
2 ¼ 11,460 years
3 1/8 17,190 years
4 1/16 22,920 years
5 1/32 28,650 years
Carbon-14 has a half life of 5730 years
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Carbon-14 Dating
Number of Half Lives
Amount Remaining
Time
0 1
1 ½ 5,730 years
2 ¼ 11,460 years
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Half Lives Vary Dramatically with Isotopes
Radioisotope Half-Life
Polonium-215 0.0018 seconds
Bismuth-212 60.5 seconds
Sodium-24 15 hours
Radon-222 3.82 days
Iodine-131 8.07 days
Cobalt-60 5.26 years
Radium-226 1,600 years
Uranium-238 4.5 billion years
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The lack of certain elements on Earth is related to their very short half-lives