Unit 16

The World Wars

Map 1: Europe: Before the World

Wars

Timeline

World War ICauses

Warfare

Art & Literature Results

Between the Wars

Map 2: Europe between the Wars

Hitler’s Rise to Power

Hitler’s Germany

World War II

In Europe In AsiaMap 3: Europe after

World War II

Essential Questions

Causes CausesWarfareWarfare

ResultsResults

Germany

France

Great Britain

Ottoman Empire

Italy

Russia

Austria-Hungary

Serbia

Bulgaria

Central Powers

Allies

Map – Europe Before the World Wars

key

Great Britain

France

Germany Poland

U.S.S.R.“Baltic States”

Czechoslovakia

HungaryAustria

Italy

Turkey

Map – Europe Between the World Wars

Ireland

Great Britain

France

Spain

Portugal

Belgium

Netherlands

West Germany

Italy

Turkey

Switzerland

Austria

East Germany

Poland

U.S.S.R.

Finland

Sweden

Norway

Denmark

Albania

Czechoslovakia

Hungary

Yugoslavia

Bulgaria

Romania

Greece

Map – Europe After the World Wars

1914 Archduke Ferdinand

Assassinated WW I began

1917 U.S.

entered the war

1918 Russia

got out of the war

1920-1940Global Economic Depression

1910 1915 1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 1945 1950

1914-1918 World War I

1939-1945 World War II

1945→ Cold War

1941 – Japan attacked Pearl Harbor: U.S. enters WW II

1919 Treaty of Versailles

1933 – Hitler became the

leader of Germany

1939 – Hitler Invaded Poland:

WW II began

1935-1939 – Germany took back lands lost

in WW I

1935-1941 – Japan took

more lands in Asia

May 1945 – Germany

surrenderedAugust 1945 –

Japan surrendered

Terms

• alliance• militarism• propaganda• totalitarian• anti-Semitism• Holocaust• genocide• Appeasement• occupation

Terms• alliance:

– group of nations who agree to cooperate to achieve a common goal

• militarism: – 1. pursuit of military ideals 2. strong influence of military

on the government

• propaganda : – 1. information put out by a government to promote a

policy, idea, or cause 2. misleading publicity

• totalitarian: – government controlled by a single party without

opposition

• anti-Semitism: – policies, views or actions that harm or discriminate

against Jews

Terms

• Holocaust: – destruction of human life - in this unit we will discuss

the genocide of European Jews, but also Roma (Italians), Slavs, intellectuals, gay people, and political dissidents by the Nazis and their allies during WW II.

• genocide: – systematic killing of all people from a national, ethnic,

or religious group, or attempting to do this.• appeasement:

– making another nation happy by letting them have what they want to prevent war

• occupation: – military invasion and control of a country or area by

enemy forces

Watch Video

• Encyclopedia of the 20th Century: Days that Shook the World 1900-1919

• Write Date, Event, and 1-2 important facts about the Event

• What was happening in Asia?• What was happening in Europe? • What was happening other places in the

world?

Primary Document: Crown Prince Wilhelm on Prospect of War, 1913

Reproduced below is an excerpt from Crown Prince Wilhelm's book Germany in Arms, published in 1913. In the extract Wilhelm - the son of Kaiser Wilhelm II and heir to the throne - enthused about the prospect of war in Europe, arguing that peace was un-advantageous to Germany.

Crown Prince Wilhelm of Germany on the Prospect of WarToday, indeed, we live in a time which points with special satisfaction to the proud height of its culture, which is only too willing to boast of its international cosmopolitanism, and flatters itself with visionary dreams of the possibility of an everlasting peace throughout the world.

This view of life is un-German and does not suit us.  The German who loves his people, who believes in the greatness and the future of our homeland, and who is unwilling to see its position diminished, dare not close his eyes in the indulgence of dreams such as these, he dare not allow himself to be lulled into indolent sleep by the lullabies of peace sung by the Utopians...

…Therefore every one, to whom his country is dear, and who believes in a great future for our nation, must joyfully do his part in the task of seeing that the old military spirit of our fathers is not lost, and that it is not sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought.  For the sword alone is not decisive, but the arm steeled in exercise which bears the sword.

Each of us must keep himself fit for arms and also prepared in his mind for the great solemn hour when the Emperor calls us to the standard - the hour when we no longer belong to ourselves, but to the Fatherland with all the forces of our mind and our body; for all these faculties must be brought to the highest exertion, to that "will to victory" which has never been without success in history.

Create a Web Diagram

• Read the article on “WWI Europe” (p. 184-186, Global History, by Kime and Stitch)

• Complete Worksheet 16-3

World War I

Causes of World War I

• National Rivalries: Industrialization and Imperialism created competitive relationships in the race for balance of power

• Militarism: New technologies encouraged nations to develop and stockpile more and more weapons

• Alliances: to keep the balance of power – nations teamed up for/or against one another

Led up to WWI

Causes of World War I

• Assassination: of Archduke Ferdinand of Austria → kick started the alliances → began World War I

“Spark”

Type of Warfare

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/launch_vt_wwone_trench.shtml

• Trench: Soldiers fought, lived and died in ditches, called trenches, on two fronts– Eastern Front – Russia– Western Front - France

Type of Warfare

• New Technologies: New weapons( machine gun, grenades, flame thrower, tank, poison gas) were very effective against old style strategies

Art and Literature

• Propaganda: – organized information meant to sway public

opinion on a certain issue

Art and Literature

• All Quiet on the Western Front: – a novel about life for soldiers during WWI– put-down the glory of war

BBC World War I Interactivehttp://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/launch_ani_wwone_mo

vies.shtml

• ..\Unit 15 Imperialism\World War I The Man Comes Around.flv

• ..\Unit 15 Imperialism\BBC News Player - World War I shelter located.ivr

Results of World War I

• Treaty of Versailles: 1. ended WW I 2. led to WW II

Also, Severely punished Germany:– Land was taken away in Europe and Africa– Had to pay compensation for the damage caused by

WW I– Military was reduced to defense purposes only– Had to accept the blame for WW I

Results of World War I

• League of Nations: – organization of nations created to keep peace

in the world – turned out to be very ineffective

Results of World War I

• New Map of Europe: – Larger nations (that lost in WW I) were broken

up into smaller nations

Europe Between the World Wars

Hitler’s Rise to Power

• Economic Environment of Germany: – Germany’s economy was in very

bad shape after WWI – Treaty of Versailles made

Germany pay millions of dollars to other nations for WW I damages

– World Economic Depression caused people to lose their savings, businesses failed, Germany’s money became worthless

Reasons

Hitler’s Rise to Power

Reasons why Hitler came to power in Germany:– Weimer Republic government before Hitler

was weak and ineffective– To improve the economy

• Stop paying for WW I• Jobs → military and factories (military supplies)

– To get Germany’s pride back• Get their land back• Develop a German cultural identity

– Anti-Semitism (hatred of the Jews)– Anti-Communist

Promises

Hitler’s Germany:

• Totalitarian Government• A type of government that has total control of all

aspects of life, – ex. Hitler – Nazi Germany, Mussolini – Fascist Italy,

Stalin, - Communist U.S.S.R.

– Nazi’s Ideas: • totalitarian and nationalistic type of government• Promote the Aryan “race”• Expand German territory in Europe• He used propaganda extensively

Hitler’s Germany:

• Holocaust– Genocide – mass killing of an entire culture of

people– Hitler’s Plan

• Harass the Jews → restrict their rights• Gather them into “Concentration Camps”• “Final Solution” – total extermination of the Jewish

people

World War II in Europe

Causes

• German Aggression – Germany attempted to get lands that they lost in WW

I (other lands as well)

• Appeasement - making another nation happy by letting them have what they want to prevent war.– Britain and France allowed Germany to get what it

wanted (lands) → to prevent war• Rhineland• Austria• Sudetenland (Czechoslovakia)• Poland (started WW II)

Warfare

• Mobile warfare: – modern technology created quick

transportation (airplanes, motor vehicles, ships)

– “Blitzkrieg” – sudden, fast and overwhelming attacks, tactic used by the Germans

Warfare

• Technologies:– Airplanes: the dominant weapon of WW II– Tanks: allowed quick and powerful movement– Rockets: Germans invented and used them a

bit → not very effective in WW II– Radar: used to find enemies airplanes

Warfare

• Key Events:– Invasion of Poland: brought Britain and

France into war against Germany– Battle of Britain: air war for control of Britain– D-Day: the allied invasion of the European

continent (in France), began to push the Germans back into Germany

Results

• Germany:– Divided up by the allies into 4 parts– Nuremberg Trials: German officials were tried for

“Crimes Against Humanity”

• Loss of the old European colonies around the world

• United Nations was created to replace the ineffective League of Nations

• Cold War heightened tensions between the U.S. and U.S.S.R

World War II in Asia

Causes

• Japanese Imperialism – 1937, Japan took over areas of China (Japan needed raw materials)

• Pearl Harbor – Japan attacked the U.S. on December 7, 1941 (to keep the U.S. from stopping their imperialist plans)

The War

• Japanese Abuses: they used cruel methods to keep control of lands:– Nanking: hundreds of thousands of innocent

Chinese were tortured and killed– Bataan Death March: U.S. prisoners of war

were tortured and killed on a long march to prison camps

The War

• Island Hopping: – The term used to describe the U.S. plan to

defeat Japan– Control of an island let the U.S. control lots of

territory

The War

• Atomic Bomb:– The U.S. bombed two Japanese cities,

Hiroshima and Nagasaki– Japan surrendered – ending WW II

Results

• Japan was occupied by the U.S. Army for 7 years

• The U.S. forced Japan to create a democratic style government(the emperor was allowed to stay but he had no real power – no “divine” connection)

• The U.S. provided economic help to rebuild JapanWhy: U.S. wanted Japan on our side in the coming Cold War

Essential Questions

How were the results of World War I directly related to the causes of World War II in Europe?

WW I

The severe punishment of Germany led to:

An environment in Germany that allowed Hitler to rise to power

WW II

Hitler’s reasons to rebuild an army and take over lands

How did the memories of World War I lead some European nations to allow German aggression?

• They appeased Hitler in order to prevent another world war

How did Hitler use the social, economic and political conditions in Germany after World War I to help him rise to power?

• He made promises to make German life better

• The promises got him elected to power

How did the relationship between a government and an individual citizen differ when comparing Hitler’s Germany and Western Democracies?

• Western Democracy → government exists at the consent of the people

• Hitler’s Germany → people exist to support the government

In what way did each of the allies view their contribution as essential to the war effort?

• Britain: fought alone at first – stayed throughout the war

• USSR: fought Germany while Britain and the U.S. got ready to fight

• United States: their involvement turned the tide of the war in favor of the allies

Terms• alliance: group of nations who agree to cooperate to achieve a common

goal• militarism: 1. pursuit of military ideals 2. strong influence of military on the

government• propaganda : 1. information put out by a government to promote a policy,

idea, or cause 2. misleading publicity• totalitarian: government controlled by a single party without opposition• anti-Semitism: policies, views or actions that harm or discriminate against

Jews• Holocaust: destruction of human life - in this unit we will discuss the

genocide of European Jews, but also Roma (Italians), Slavs, intellectuals, gay people, and political dissidents by the Nazis and their allies during WW II.

• genocide: systematic killing of all people from a national, ethnic, or religious group, or attempting to do this.

• appeasement: making another nation happy by letting them have what they want to prevent war

• occupation: military invasion and control of a country or area by enemy forces

Review