430

Unit 13

Bill Clinton

431

BILL GATES

430

He defeated George H

Bush. to become the 42nd

POTUS. An extremely

popular president who

improved the economy

but his tenure was stained

with the Monica

Lewinsky Scandal, when

he was unsuccessfully

impeached.

431 William Henry "Bill"

Gates III (born October 28,

1955) is a Computer

Programmer and inventor

who is one of the best-

known entrepreneurs of the

personal computer

revolution. Founder of

MICROSOFT

432

World Trade Organization

Members

Members, dually represented by the EU

Observers

433

NAFTA

432

The World Trade

Organization (WTO) is an

organization that intends to set

trade policies and mediate

disputes among members. WTO

has spurred the growth of

American goods on a global

level.

433 . The North American Free Trade

Agreement is an agreement signed

by Canada, Mexico, and the United

States, creating a trilateral rules-

based trade bloc in North America.

The agreement came into force on

January 1, 1994. NAFTA lowered or

eliminated tariffs. It was signed by

President Clinton in 1993. NAFTA

has allowed many companies to

move overseas

434

INTERNET

435

EUROPEAN UNION [EU]

434 The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite to link several billion devices worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks, of local to global scope, that are linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical

networking technologies. The Internet carries an extensive range of information resources and services

435

In 1992, twelve countries in

Western Europe formed to

advance economic integration,

laws and foreign policy. In 1999

they adopted a shared currency

called the EURO. It currently

has 22 countries as members

436

Contract with America

437 The Balkan Crisis

436

1994 Republicans led by

Newt Gingrich devised a

10 point plan that

promised to balance the

budget, create jobs and

reform the welfare program.

437 In 1994 the US brokered peace between Croatian forces and Bosnia. The Croatian Army and the combined Bosnian and Croat forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina, conducted an operation code named Operation Maestral to push back Bosnian Serb military gains. Together with NATO air strikes on the Bosnian Serbs, the successes on the ground put pressure on the Serbs to come to the negotiating table.

438 George W. Bush

439

Ralph Nader

438

He grew up in Midland, TX &

was Governor from 1994-2000

when he was elected the 43rd

President. Sept. 11, 2001

prompted U. S. actions to

liberate Iraq & invade

Afghanistan to attack the

Taliban & al Qaida. He was

criticized for a lack of response

to Hurricane Katrina.

439 He is an American political activist,

as well as an attorney. Nader ran in

the 2000 election as candidate of the

Green Party, which had been

formed in the wake of his 1996

campaign. A common claim is that

Nader's candidacy acted as a spoiler

in the 2000 U.S. presidential

election, in which 537 votes gave

George W. Bush a crucial and

controversial victory in Florida

440 Hurricane Katrina

441

AL QAEDA

440 Is one of the five deadliest

hurricanes, in the history of the

United States. The hurricane surge

protection failures in New Orleans

are considered the worst civil

engineering disaster in U.S. history

and prompted a lawsuit against the

U.S. Army Corps of

Engineers(USACE). President

George W. Bush as well as FEMA

were criticized in their handling of

the Katrina aftermath. It was made

worse due to New Orleans being

under sea level and surrounded by

water

441

Is a global militant Islamist and

takfiri organization founded by

Osama bin Laden, at some point

between August 1986 and late 1989.

Al-Qaeda has attacked civilian and

military targets in various countries,

including the September 11. 2001

attacks. The U.S. government

responded to the September 11

attacks by launching the War on

Terror.

442

TALIBAN

443

NeoConservatives

442 Is an Islamic fundamentalist

political movement in

Afghanistan. It spread

throughout Afghanistan and

formed a government, ruling as

the Islamic Emirate of

Afghanistan from September

1996 until December 2001.It

enforces its strict interpretation

of Sharia law,

443

Favor using U.S.

military power to

confront hostile

dictators and to

promote democracy

around the world

444 WAR ON TERROR

445

9/11

444

Prompted by the 9/11

attacks the U.S.

declared a war on

terrorism. It invaded

Afghanistan to oust

the Taliban regime,

it then moved to Iraq

and overthrew

Saddam Hussein

445

September 11th 2001 two

airplanes flown by Al

Quaeda terrorists struck

the world trade center in

NYC. They also crashed

into the Pentagon

446

Barak Hussein Obama II

447

No Child Left

Behind

446

Currently our 44th

President, he is the first

African-American to

attain the office when he

was popularly elected in

2008. He graduated

Columbia University and

Harvard Law School and

won the 2009 Nobel Prize

for Peace.

447 The government's flagship aid program for

disadvantaged students. NCLB supports

standards-based education reform based on

the premise that setting high standards and

establishing measurable goals can improve

individual outcomes in education. Proposed

by George W. Bush and passed in 2001.

The Act requires states to develop

assessments in basic skills. To receive

federal school funding, States must give

these assessments to all students at select

grade levels.

448

Patriot Act

449 America Recovery and

Reinvestment Act of

2009

448 October 26, 2001

authorization of indefinite

detentions of immigrants; the

permission given law

enforcement officers to search a

home or business without the

owner’s or the occupant’s

consent or knowledge; the

expanded use of National

Security Letters, which allows

the Federal Bureau of

Investigation (FBI) to search

telephone, e-mail, and financial

records without a court order

449 Commonly referred to as the Stimulus or

The Recovery Act to respond to the Great

Recession, the primary objective for

ARRA was to save and create jobs almost

immediately. Secondary objectives were to

provide temporary relief programs for

those most impacted by the recession and

invest in infrastructure, education, health,

and renewable energy. The approximate

cost of the economic stimulus package

was estimated to be $787 billion Recovery

Act.

450

Patient Protection

and Affordable Care

Act

451

2000 Election

450 Called the Affordable Care Act

(ACA) or "Obamacare”. The

ACA was enacted with the goals

of increasing the quality and

affordability of health insurance,

lowering the uninsured rate by

expanding public and private

insurance coverage, and

reducing the costs of healthcare

for individuals and the

government.

451 It was controversial presidential

election between George W. Bush

[republican] and Al Gore

[democrat]. Election results hinged

on Florida,Where the margin of

victory triggered a mandatory

recount. Litigation in select counties

started additional recounts, and this

litigation ultimately reached the

United States Supreme Court. The

S.C. ruled in favor of Bush

452

Steve Jobs

453

George H.W. Bush

452 He was the co-founder, chairman, and CEO of Apple Inc. After a power struggle with the board of directors in 1985, Jobs left Apple and founded NEXT, a computer platform development company. As the new CEO of the company, Jobs oversaw the development of the iMac, iTunes, iPod, iPhone, and iPad, and on the services side, the company's Apple Retail Stores, iTunes Store and the App Store

453

An American politician who served as the 41st President of the United States from 1989 to 1993. He joined the US. Navy and became a naval aviator at the age of 18. Former CIA Director and V.P under Reagan

454

GULF WAR

455

Benghazi

454

Codenamed Operation Desert Shield for operations

leading to the buildup of troops and defense of Saudi

Arabia and Operation Desert Storm was a war

waged by coalition forces from 34 nations led by

the United States against Iraq in response to

Iraq's invasion and annexation of Kuwait.

455 On the evening of September 11,

2012, Islamic militants attacked the American diplomatic compound in Benghazi, Libya, killing two

American Ambassadors marking the first time since 1979 a U.S.

Ambassador was killed in the line of duty. In the aftermath of the

attack, State Department officials were criticized for denying requests for

additional security at the consulate prior to the attack. As Secretary of

State, Hillary Clinton subsequently took responsibility for the security lapse

456

Facebook

457

Fannie Mae

Freddy Mac

Housing Bubble

456

Is an online social networking service

headquartered in Menlo Park, California. Its website was launched on February 4, 2004, by Mark Zuckerberg with his college roommates and fellow Harvard University students

457 loan originators backed by Wall Street capital began operating beyond the Fannie and Freddie system that had been working for decades by peddling large quantities of high-risk subprime mortgages with terms and features that drastically increased the chance of default. From 2008 to 2012, Fannie and Freddie would lose a combined $265 billion, The Bush administration in September 2008 responded by placing Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac into government conservatorship, where they remain today

458

Twitter

459

Panama Invasion

458

Twitter is an online social networking service that enables users to send and read short 140-character messages called "tweets" As of December 2014, Twitter has more than 500 million users, The venerable US institution is assembling all of the 400 million tweets sent by Americans each day, in the belief that each of the mini-messages reflect a small but important part of the national narrative.

459 “Operation Just Cause”, was the invasion of Panama by the United

States in December 1989. It occurred during the administration of U.S.

President George H. W. Bush, In 1978 the U.S. agreed to turn over the Panama Canal to the country of

Panama. The U.S. wanted to make sure the Government was stable before the transition occurred. The overthrow of Manuel Noriega happened due to

drug trafficking. Panama had become a center for drug money laundering and a

transit point for drug trafficking to the U.S. and Europe. Noriega was sentenced to 40 years in prison

460

Tiananmen Square

Massacre

461

Ross Perot

460

A student led popular demonstration for freedom of speech in Beijing which took place in the spring of 1989. It received broad support from city residents, exposing deep splits within China's political leadership. The protests were forcibly suppressed by hard-line leaders who ordered the military to enforce martial law in the country's capital. Soldiers killed hundreds of protesters.

461 An American businessman best known

for being an independent 3rd party candidate presidential candidate

in 1992

462

Service Sector/

Downsized

463 NASDAQ

462

Service Sector = provides a

service, not an actual product that could be held in your hand. Activities in the service sector include retail, banks, hotels, real estate, education, health, social work, computer services,

Downsized = to reduce the number of workers on staff to cut costs and increase profits

463 It is an American stock exchange. It is

the second-largest exchange in the U.S. and world by market

capitalization and trading volume.

464

GATT

464

It is a multilateral agreement regulating international trade. Its purpose was the "substantial reduction of tariffs and other trade barriers and the elimination of preferences, on a reciprocal and mutually advantageous basis”. The U.S. signed up in 1994, the GATT also set up the WTO [World trade Organization]

465

Information

Superhighway

466 Telecommunications

Act of 1996

465 President Clinton appointed V.P Al Gore to

push for an information superhighway, which will link everyone at home or office to everything else—movies and television shows, shopping services, electronic mail and huge collections of data.

466

The law allowed

telephone and cable

companies to enter

each others’

industries. This

increased mergers and

cut the number of

competing countries

467

Gentrification

468

Proposition 187

467

The rehabilitation of old

neighborhoods in which

middle class people

move into an area and

lower income people

move out due to rising

house costs.

468

A California law which

cut Education and non

emergency health

benefits to illegal

immigrants. It was

ruled unconstitutional

in 1998

469

Osama bin Laden

470

Axis of Evil

469

He was the founder of al-Qaeda, the

militant organization that claimed responsibility for the September 11

attacks on the United States, On May 2, 2011, bin Laden was shot and killed inside a private residential

compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan, by SOCS Robert O'Neill

470 The term given to countries Iraq, Iran

and North Korea in George W.

Bush’s State of the Union address in

2002. These nations had been known

to sponsor terrorism and were

suspected of developing weapons of

mass destruction.

471 Kelo v City of New London

472

EARMARKS

471 The 5th amendment states the Government

can’t take property without just or equal

compensation to owners. In 2000 the city

of New London seized property and gave

the land to a corporation to have it

redeveloped as part of the city’s

rejuvenation project. In 2005 the S.C. ruled

5-4 in favor of the City of New London

citing the phrase “public use” to have a

broad meaning

472 SPECIFICATIONS ADDED

BY BOTH REPUBLICAN

AND DEMOCRATS FOR THE

EXPENDITURE OF

FEDERAL MONEY FOR

CERTAIN PROJECTS

473

OCCUPY WALL

STREET

474

TEA PARTY

473 Is the name given to a

protest movement that began on September 17, 2011, in Zuccotti Park, located in New York City's Wall Street

financial district, The main issues raised by Occupy Wall Street

were social and economic inequality, greed, corruption and the perceived undue influence of corporations on

government—particularly from the financial services sector. The OWS

slogan, "We are the 99%", refers to income inequality and wealth

distribution in the U.S. between the wealthiest 1% and the rest of the

population

474 Is an American political movement known for its conservative positions and its role in the Republican Party ("GOP"). It demands a reduction in the U.S. national debt and federal budget deficit by reducing government spending and taxes The movement opposes government sponsored programs such as universal healthcare and has been described as a mix of libertarian populist and conservative activists.

475

The ARAB Spring

475 It was a revolutionary wave of demonstrations and protests (both non-violent and violent), riots, and civil wars in the Arab world that began on 18 December 2010By January 2015, rulers had been forced from power in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, and Yemen; civil uprisings had erupted in Bahrain and Syria; Minor protests had occurred in Mauritania, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Djibouti, Western Sahara, and Palestine.