Unit 12: Southeast Asia
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Transcript of Unit 12: Southeast Asia
Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Myanmar, Philippines, Malaysia, East
Timor, Brunei, Singapore, and Indonesia.
Climate
Population Density
Human Development Index (Very High)Singapore - #26 Brunei - #33
Human Development IndexMalaysia - #61 (High) Thailand - #103
(Medium)
Human Development IndexMyanmar- #149 (Low) Vietnam- #128 (Medium)
Migration Indian Influence: merchants & monks attracted by kingdoms of the Mons & Khmers – Buddhism remains strong
Muslim Influence: traders from Arabia brought Islam, created strong ties among island nations
Chinese Influence: many migrated from China, but left little influence, except in Vietnam, considered foreigners barbarians
Europeans Bring ChangeEuros wanted Asian products (coffee, tea, raw materials)
Encouraged expanding paddies
Built roadsTensions b/w indigenous ppl and immigrants
Myanmar (Burma) 68% Burman, speak Burmese
British took control 1800s – 1948
Ethnic insurgents (ppl who rebel against the govt)
Weak economy b/c repressive military govt
Aung San Suu Kyi fighting for democracy
Thailand
85% Thai, strong national ID
95% BuddhistOnly country not colonized by Europe, b/c treaties
Sided against Communism
Diverse economyTourism (Bangkok)Transportation hub for region
Travel by boat is VERY common
Vietnam Almost all Vietnamese
BuddhistPart of French Indochina
Ho Chi Minh declared independence from France in 1945
1986- Doi Moi: economic program to attract foreign investors
Now largest exporter of rice
Vietnam WarHo Chi Minh – N. Vietnam – Communist
Ngo Dinh Diem – S. Vietnam – Republic
US wanted S. Vietnam free of Communism – US withdrew in 1973
1975 Vietnam reunited under Communism
By the late 1970’s most
Americans didn’t want the U.S. to go to war even to
prevent the spread of communism.
People working at factories that made weapons like cluster bombs thought it was wrong and that is was hard to take pride in a product that left
thousands of Vietnamese people with painful wounds, loss of limbs, or even dead.
Vietnamese Boat PeopleBoat People: someone who comes to the United States in a crudely made boat, usually illegally, but may be a refugee
Many Vietnamese came to the USA as boat people after the Vietnam War
LaosHome to the Lao, Tai, Hmong, Mon, Yao, and Khmer ppl
BuddhistFrench Indochina
Pulled into Vietnam war
USA dropped more bombs on Laos than on Japan and Germany combined during WWII
Cluster Bombs in LaosDropped during Vietnam War
Mini bombs in a big bombs, many didn’t blow up when they hit the ground and are detonating now
CambodiaKhmer ethnic group
BuddhistIndochinaKhmer Rouge: murdered 1-2 mil out of 7mil b/c not communist
IndonesiaCultural heterogeneity
250 languages13,660 islands
Member of OPEC
Strong military govt
4th largest population in the world
2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami
1.9.0 earthquake in Indian Ocean on Dec. 26, 2004
2.Hit 11 countries including Africa
3.50 ft high4.Killed 150,000 people
5.Tsunami Video
Kombai Tree PeopleLive in Sumatra, Jakarta, Kalimantan, and Papua New Guinea
Live in trees to escape the heat, mosquitoes, and monsoon floods
Indonesian government supports deforestation – destroying their homes
Cyanide FishingUse cyanide to stun the fish – began in the 1970s
Illegal because it kills the coral
VERY profitable - $300 a plate at many restaurants for the famous Coral Grouper Fish
Indonesia is supposed to regulate this
PhilippinesCultural heterogeneity
70 languages (Filipino/ English official)
7,100 islandsLong colonial rule by Spanish (300 yrs)
Under USA from 1898-1946
83% CatholicHigh birthrate
Mt. Pinatubo1991 2nd largest eruption of the 20th century
Released millions of tons of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere
Caused a worldwide decrease in temperature for the next few years
The US experienced its coldest winter in 77 years in 1992
SingaporeSmallest country in SE Asia – 1 large city on 1 big island & 50 smaller ones
Deep, natural, sheltered harbor
Important trade route b/w Europe & E. Asia
British trading postCurrently important international trade & manufacturing center
MalaysiaOil reserves create revenue for developing manufacturing and agriculture
Machinery & transportation equipment
Brunei50% of wealth comes from oil & natural gas
Free schooling
Free medical care
East TimorDemocratic Republic formerly owned by the Portuguese
Mostly CatholicSlash and burn technique = deforestation, 8% arable land
Was part of Indonesia until 1999 when freed by the United Nations
Chinese ImmigrantsMany Chinese migrate to Southeast Asia for better job opportunities
Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore have high numbers of Chinese immigrants
ASEAN: Association of Southeast Asian Nations: promotes growth and peace in the region