Unit 11 Unit 11

How to Be True to How to Be True to YourselfYourself

Overall Arrangement Overall Arrangement

1. Pre-reading Discussion and Sharing1. Pre-reading Discussion and Sharing What is your motto, if any?(4-6 students to be What is your motto, if any?(4-6 students to be

invited to talk about their mottoes)invited to talk about their mottoes)2. Text Study: A Multi-layer Reading of the Text2. Text Study: A Multi-layer Reading of the Text 2.1 Global Understanding2.1 Global UnderstandingLanguage points in context Language points in context 2.2 Text organization and progression 2.2 Text organization and progression 2.3 About Citing Examples 2.3 About Citing Examples 3. Questions and Answers3. Questions and Answers 4. Assignments4. Assignments

Mottoes: Sharing Mottoes: Sharing

Examples:Examples: Epicurean motto: “Eat, drink and be merrEpicurean motto: “Eat, drink and be merr

y.”y.”The Motto of Soochow University: Unto a full The Motto of Soochow University: Unto a full

grown man.(grown man.( 养天地正气，法古今完人养天地正气，法古今完人 ))The Olympic Motto: Faster, higher, strongerThe Olympic Motto: Faster, higher, strongerOne of my Mottoes: Life is tough, and you can One of my Mottoes: Life is tough, and you can

be tougher. be tougher. How about yours?How about yours? (students to be invited) (students to be invited)

Global Understanding and Global Understanding and Language PointsLanguage Points

Paragraph 1Paragraph 1My grandparents believed you were either honesMy grandparents believed you were either hones

t or you weren’t. There was no in-between. t or you weren’t. There was no in-between. in-between:in-between: n. something or a certain state bet n. something or a certain state bet

ween two poles, extremes, etc. ween two poles, extremes, etc. 中间（状态）。中间（状态）。 in betweenin between adv. For me, size 8 is too big and 7 to adv. For me, size 8 is too big and 7 to

o small . Do you have a size in between?o small . Do you have a size in between?

Related expressions: Related expressions: *to go between*to go between: to serve as the negotiator, medi: to serve as the negotiator, medi

ator, broker, etc..ator, broker, etc..*Go-between*Go-between: n. negotiator, broker, match-mak: n. negotiator, broker, match-mak

erer* * BetweenBetween shame and nervousness, I started to s shame and nervousness, I started to s

tutter and stammer, and my mind almost wentutter and stammer, and my mind almost went blank. t blank. 由于羞愧和紧张…由于羞愧和紧张…

““Life is like a field of newly fallen snow; where I Life is like a field of newly fallen snow; where I choose to walk every step will show.”choose to walk every step will show.”

ExplanationExplanation: Life is like a field covered with newl: Life is like a field covered with newly-fallen snow, and in this field, every step you y-fallen snow, and in this field, every step you make will clearly show itself. make will clearly show itself.

TranslationTranslation:1:1 ：人生就像刚刚落过雪的原野，我所：人生就像刚刚落过雪的原野，我所走的每一步都会清晰无遗。走的每一步都会清晰无遗。

2. 2. 人生一雪地，跬步显无遗。人生一雪地，跬步显无遗。

ExtensionExtension

Here in this case, word sequence is re-Here in this case, word sequence is re-adjusted for the sake of rhyme. It is often adjusted for the sake of rhyme. It is often the case in poetry, in mottoes, adages, the case in poetry, in mottoes, adages, epitaph, antithetical couplets, etc.. epitaph, antithetical couplets, etc..

Life is like a field of newly fallen Life is like a field of newly fallen snowsnow;;

where I choose to walk every step will where I choose to walk every step will show.show.

Examples:Examples:十年 十年 (Pop Song)(Pop Song)• 如果那两个字没有颤如果那两个字没有颤• 我不会发现我难受抖我不会发现我难受抖• 怎么说出口也不过是分手怎么说出口也不过是分手• 如果对于明天没有要求… 如果对于明天没有要求… Ten YearsTen Years If good-bye was not uttered with quiver,If good-bye was not uttered with quiver,

I would not see the sadness I did show.I would not see the sadness I did show.whatever the way adieu was the end for ever.whatever the way adieu was the end for ever.If one gives up the hopes for tomorrow…If one gives up the hopes for tomorrow…

子夜四时歌子夜四时歌 （南朝）（见《吴歌精华》） （南朝）（见《吴歌精华》）春林花多媚，春鸟意多哀。春林花多媚，春鸟意多哀。春风复多情，吹我罗裳开。春风复多情，吹我罗裳开。Zi-ye’s Seasonal SongsZi-ye’s Seasonal Songs In spring the pretty flowers boom in trees, In spring the pretty flowers boom in trees, While birds sing eager songs to their kin.While birds sing eager songs to their kin.Mild and tender is the springtime breeze,Mild and tender is the springtime breeze, Which blows into my bosom, on my skin. Which blows into my bosom, on my skin. (Translated by Meng)(Translated by Meng)

Paragraph 2Paragraph 2

They understood instinctively that integrity They understood instinctively that integrity means having a personal standard of means having a personal standard of morality and ethics that does not sell out to morality and ethics that does not sell out to expediency and this is not relative to the expediency and this is not relative to the situation at hand.situation at hand.

Instinctively: naturally, by instinct Instinctively: naturally, by instinct

= instinctually = instinctually

ethicsethics

(1) (1) the science that deals with moralsthe science that deals with morals 道德学，伦理道德学，伦理学学

e.g. e.g. He decided to study ethics as his second major.He decided to study ethics as his second major.(2) moral rules or principles of behavior governing a per(2) moral rules or principles of behavior governing a per

son or groupson or group 道德规范道德规范e.g. e.g. Whether a country should have nuclear weaponWhether a country should have nuclear weapon

s or not should be a question of ethics, not of politics.s or not should be a question of ethics, not of politics.

Integrity Integrity (1) strength and firmness of character or principl(1) strength and firmness of character or principl

e; honesty or trustworthinesse; honesty or trustworthiness 正直正直 , , 诚实诚实e.g. e.g. He is respected and admired as a man of He is respected and admired as a man of

the greatest integrity.the greatest integrity.(2) a state of being whole and undivided; comple(2) a state of being whole and undivided; comple

tenessteness 完整完整 , , 完全完全 , , 完整性完整性e.g. e.g. Our integrity as a nation is threatened by Our integrity as a nation is threatened by

the separatist forces at home and foreign interthe separatist forces at home and foreign intervention.vention.

Sell out to expediencySell out to expediency : give up/yield to expedie : give up/yield to expediency; affected by expediency ncy; affected by expediency

expediency expediency or or expedienceexpedience n.n. being useful or he being useful or helpful for a purpose, esp. one’s own purpose olpful for a purpose, esp. one’s own purpose or advantage, although not necessarily morally r advantage, although not necessarily morally correctcorrect 方便方便 , , 私利私利 , , 权宜权宜

e.g. e.g. The government will not condemn its alliThe government will not condemn its allies for torturing prisoners. It is a question of exes for torturing prisoners. It is a question of expediency.pediency.

His behavior seems to be governed solely by eHis behavior seems to be governed solely by expedience.xpedience.

• be relative tobe relative to 成比例，成正相关成比例，成正相关Beauty Beauty isis relativerelative toto the beholder's eye. the beholder's eye.

• 美和观者的眼光美和观者的眼光有有关系关系Not relative to the situation at hand.Not relative to the situation at hand.Having nothing to do with any external facHaving nothing to do with any external fac

tors. tors.

Integrity is in short supply today---and Integrity is in short supply today---and getting scarcer. (Metaphor)getting scarcer. (Metaphor)

Integrity is discussed in economic Integrity is discussed in economic terms here.terms here.

Speaking of blind date, talented male Speaking of blind date, talented male singletons, aged between 25 and 32 singletons, aged between 25 and 32 and with a secure job, are readily and with a secure job, are readily marketable. marketable.

But it is the real bottom line in every area of society. But it is the real bottom line in every area of society. Integrity, above all, should be possessed and followIntegrity, above all, should be possessed and follow

ed in every area of society.ed in every area of society.the bottom linethe bottom line(1) the amount of money shown as profit or loss at t(1) the amount of money shown as profit or loss at t

he bottom of a set of accountshe bottom of a set of accounts 账本底线账本底线e.g. You have invested millions of dollars in the busie.g. You have invested millions of dollars in the busi

ness and you come out with nothing on the bottoness and you come out with nothing on the bottom line.m line.

(2) the basic content, meaning, or situation(2) the basic content, meaning, or situation 基本基本情况情况

e.g. The bottom line in the debate is the increasie.g. The bottom line in the debate is the increasing number of motorcycle accidents and fatalitng number of motorcycle accidents and fatalities.ies.

(3) outcome; the most important result in the en(3) outcome; the most important result in the endd 主要结果主要结果

e.g. If we make all the changes I am proposing, te.g. If we make all the changes I am proposing, the bottom line is that the company will save $he bottom line is that the company will save $5000050000

Paragraph 3Paragraph 3

Triad: a group of 3-somethingsTriad: a group of 3-somethings

Paragraph 4—7Paragraph 4—7: Role Play in reading : Role Play in reading

Rookie: green hand, beginnerRookie: green hand, beginner

Paragraph 8Paragraph 8. When you know you are . When you know you are right, you can’t back down. right, you can’t back down.

Back down: retreat, withdraw, give in Back down: retreat, withdraw, give in

Paragraph 10Paragraph 10 Russian Nesting doll Russian Nesting doll 俄罗斯套娃俄罗斯套娃Paragraph 11Paragraph 11If each of us hires people who are smaller than we If each of us hires people who are smaller than we

are, we shall become a company of dwarfs. are, we shall become a company of dwarfs. Smaller than: less capable/competent than Smaller than: less capable/competent than eg. I hate that modern people often say a big “I” eg. I hate that modern people often say a big “I”

and a small “you”. and a small “you”. Dwarfs (metaphor): incapable people, people who Dwarfs (metaphor): incapable people, people who

will not win any competition or take any lead in will not win any competition or take any lead in business competitions. business competitions.

Paragraph 12 Paragraph 12 Be honest and open about what you really are. Be honest and open about what you really are. What you really are: your true selfWhat you really are: your true selfPeople who lack genuine core values rely on extPeople who lack genuine core values rely on ext

ernal factors---their looks or status---in order ternal factors---their looks or status---in order to feel good about themselves. o feel good about themselves.

Core values: values that can serve as one’s spiriCore values: values that can serve as one’s spiritual underpinningstual underpinnings

缺乏核心价值观念的人依靠外在的因素如相貌与社缺乏核心价值观念的人依靠外在的因素如相貌与社会地位等以使自己感觉良好。会地位等以使自己感觉良好。

Paragraph 13Paragraph 13

When it’s tough, do it tough. When it’s tough, do it tough.

Tough here is used in different senses. Tough here is used in different senses.

When it’s tough (very difficult, When it’s tough (very difficult, unpleasant)unpleasant)

do it tough: be strong and overcome itdo it tough: be strong and overcome it

do it hard and never give up do it hard and never give up

Paragraph 14Paragraph 14 A clear conscience <> a guilty conscience A clear conscience <> a guilty conscience 问心无愧；良心 问心有愧；愧疚问心无愧；良心 问心有愧；愧疚Paragraph 15Paragraph 15A life of principle, of not succumbing to the seductive sA life of principle, of not succumbing to the seductive s

irens of an easy morality, with always win the day. irens of an easy morality, with always win the day. A life lived to the right principles and values, one that A life lived to the right principles and values, one that

never gives in to ill/bad moral integrity and never donever gives in to ill/bad moral integrity and never does something undesirable because of this, is the life es something undesirable because of this, is the life that is successful (and that we should seek or aspire that is successful (and that we should seek or aspire to) to)

succumb succumb ((toto) ) v.v. (1) (1) stop opposing; to give in (to greater stop opposing; to give in (to greater

force or strength, a desire, etc,) force or strength, a desire, etc,) 屈服， 屈服， 屈从屈从

e.g. e.g. They held out for some hours in the They held out for some hours in the face of our persuasive offers, but eventuface of our persuasive offers, but eventually they succumbed..ally they succumbed..

(2) (2) die because ofdie because of 死死e.g. e.g. He finally succumbed to the illnessHe finally succumbed to the illness

Text OrganizationText Organization

Deduction Deduction

Opening :General statement Opening :General statement

Body: Sub-statements, substantiationsBody: Sub-statements, substantiations

Ending: conclusion, suggestion, Ending: conclusion, suggestion, projection, echoing, etc. projection, echoing, etc.

About Citing ExamplesAbout Citing Examples

Suggestions:Suggestions:1.Use plain everyday examples; 1.Use plain everyday examples; 2. Use examples about people who you are familiar with, 2. Use examples about people who you are familiar with,

e.g., your grandparents, your daughter, your neighbor,e.g., your grandparents, your daughter, your neighbor, etc rather than examples about famous people, dece etc rather than examples about famous people, deceased or living, say, George Washington, Albert Einstein,ased or living, say, George Washington, Albert Einstein, etc.; etc.;

3. Be short and concrete;3. Be short and concrete;4. Mare sure that the example you cite is directly related 4. Mare sure that the example you cite is directly related

to what you are going to convey or argue for;to what you are going to convey or argue for;5. Never fabricate examples, never ever. No cover-up for 5. Never fabricate examples, never ever. No cover-up for

the traces of any cook-up. the traces of any cook-up.

Q & A and AssignmentsQ & A and Assignments

Questions and Answers Questions and Answers

Assignments Assignments

1) Presentation1) Presentation

2) Translation 2) Translation

Thanks !Thanks !