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![Page 1: Unit 1 – Understanding Non- Fiction and Media Texts AO3(iii) Explain and evaluate how writers use linguistic features to achieve effects and engage and.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032706/56649de75503460f94ae0f53/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Unit 1 – Understanding Non-Fiction and Media Texts
AO3(iii) Explain and evaluate how writers use linguistic features to achieve effects and engage and
influence the reader
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Assessment Objective
AO3(iii) Explain and evaluate how writers use linguistic features to achieve effects and engage and influence the reader
Know some language terms Be able to explain the effects of these Evaluate HOW and WHY they are used
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The Exam
On Foundation Tier, you will be asked to analyse the language used in one text
On Higher Tier, you will be asked to compare the language used in two texts
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Linguistic Devices
You need to learn some examples of linguistic devices
In the exam, you must be able to recall these
You need to be able to identify these and give precise explanations of how a writer has used them
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Address Does the writer address the reader
directly? Look for the use of pronouns such as ‘you’,
‘we’ and ‘us’ or the use of rhetorical questions
Addressing the reader directly draws us into the text
It makes us feel like the ideas matter to us and that we are responsible
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Types of sentences Short sentences will often be used for
impact Longer sentences will be used to
develop particular ideas or examples Look out for the following:
Exclamations = shock, surprise, anger Imperatives = instructions or commands Questions = to make the reader think
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Register Formal vocabulary and sentences
Create a sense of authority or knowledge Create distance between the reader and
writer i.e. the writer is superior to us Informal / colloquial vocabulary and
sentences Create humour / irony / sarcasm Make the writer appear friendly and
approachable i.e. equal to the reader
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Emotive language
These words are used deliberately to make us feel an emotion e.g. anger, fear, guilt, hope
Identify specific words that are supposed to have this effect
Explain what emotion they are supposed to make us feel
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Factual language
Factual language will indicate that something is true or has happened
It will support the writer’s opinions and ideas
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Vocabulary Look at particular types of words such
as adjectives, verbs and adverbs Adjectives – describe objects or ideas Verbs – actions Adverbs – describe how something is done
Think about why the writer has used this particular word
What does it mean and how does it support the writer’s views?
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Lexical sets / semantic fields
These are groups of words that all have a related meaning
They help hold the text together and emphasise key ideas e.g. soldiers, trenches, gunfire, mud would all make us think of war
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Repetition of keywords
Look for particular important words or phrases that are repeated
The writer will want you to remember these phrases
Explain the reason why the writer wants you to remember these words
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Rhetorical devices You should look for specific phrases that
are used for persuasive effect – there are a whole range of devices to look for
Remember to explain HOW the device affects the reader and WHY the writer has used it
Give a precise explanation of the rhetorical device linked to the purpose of the text
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Reading Framework
1. Read the questions2. Read the text3. Work out the PAFT and message4. Highlight examples – check the
question5. Plan your response – use a PEE
table
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Model Question
How is language used for effect by the writer?
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PURPOSE: what job is the writer trying to do?Argue Inform Analyse ImaginePersuade Explain Review ExploreAdvise Describe Comment Entertain
PURPOSE: what job is the writer trying to do?Argue Inform Analyse ImaginePersuade Explain Review ExploreAdvise Describe Comment Entertain
FORM: type of writingLeaflet ArticleWeb page StoryLetter EmailSpeech EssayReport Advert
FORM: type of writingLeaflet ArticleWeb page StoryLetter EmailSpeech EssayReport Advert
TONE: what is the mood of the writing? How are we addressed?Enthusiastic Angry Questioning ObjectivePassionate Frustrated Doubtful SubjectiveHopeful Pessimistic Suspicious NeutralOptimistic Sad Sarcastic CynicalHumorous Annoyed Ironic Knowledgeable
TONE: what is the mood of the writing? How are we addressed?Enthusiastic Angry Questioning ObjectivePassionate Frustrated Doubtful SubjectiveHopeful Pessimistic Suspicious NeutralOptimistic Sad Sarcastic CynicalHumorous Annoyed Ironic Knowledgeable
AUDIENCE: the readerChildren ExpertsTeenagers FansParents Men Pensioners Women Workers Adults
AUDIENCE: the readerChildren ExpertsTeenagers FansParents Men Pensioners Women Workers Adults
PAFTPurposeAudience
FormTone
PAFTPurposeAudience
FormTone
Age Interests LifestyleGender Education ClassJob Hobbies Politics
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Plan your answer – 1 Highlight the text, identifying the
most important examples of language you can find
8 marks = 16 minutes 8 marks = at least 3 really good
examples Annotate your examples with
explanations of the precise effect
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Linguistic Devices Address Types of
sentences Register Emotive language Factual language
Vocabulary Lexical sets /
semantic fields Repetition of
keywords Rhetorical devices
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Plan your answer – 2 Point
(Identify a technique)
Evidence(Quotation)
Explain(How this persuades)
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Explaining effects
You must give explanations that are matched to the text you have read
Do not make generic statements like “it is effective”
Every explanation must use the word “because”
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Useful analytical language This connotes… This means… This suggests… This represents… This symbolises…
This highlights… This shows… This makes us
feel… This creates… This implies…
Use this vocabulary to support your analyticaland evaluative comments about language
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HOW and WHY For each example, you need to
explain HOW and WHY the language is used
HOW has the writer used the language i.e. what is the effect of this word on the reader?
WHY has the writer used the language e.g. how does it help the writer achieve their purpose?
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Banned answers
YOU MUST NEVER USE THE FOLLOWING PHRASES!!!
The language is good The language eye-catching The language is effective The language is interesting The language makes the reader think The language means…
… UNLESS YOU EXPLAIN WHY
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Using PEEL
Point – Identify a technique Evidence – Give a short quotation Explain – The effect of this
technique on the reader Link – Refer back to the question
(repeat some of the words)
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Using PEEL – an example
How does the writer use language to persuade the reader?
The writer has used a series of rhetorical questions. For example, he writes “How many of us recycle regularly?” These questions make us think about our own responsibility to the environment and how much rubbish we create. He does this because he wants us to feel guilty. This is persuasive because he feels that we all need to do more and it makes us think about our own actions.
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How this is assessed Band 1
Limited evidence of understanding No real appreciation of language Very few and poorly chosen examples
Band 2 Some evidence of understanding Some appreciation of words and phrases Attempts to support with examples
Band 3 Clear evidence of understanding Clear analysis of words and phrases Relevant and appropriate quotations used to support ideas
Band 4 Full and detailed understanding of the content Detailed and perceptive analysis of language Relevant quotations with perceptive comments