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Unit 1: The Themes! Sovereignty, Authority, & Power Political Institutions Citizens, Society and...
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Transcript of Unit 1: The Themes! Sovereignty, Authority, & Power Political Institutions Citizens, Society and...
Unit 1: The Themes!Unit 1: The Themes!Sovereignty, Authority, & PowerPolitical InstitutionsCitizens, Society and the StatePolitical & Economic ChangePublic Policy
Sovereignty, Authority, & PowerPolitical InstitutionsCitizens, Society and the StatePolitical & Economic ChangePublic Policy
Theme 1: Sovereignty, Authority, & PowerTheme 1: Sovereignty, Authority, & Power
Nation State
A group of people claiming a A group of people org-
common identity + the right anized under a govern-
to be a state. May share ment. They must share
the following (to varying degrees):
Culture Government Territory Budget Language Borders Ethnicity Currency Religion Police Force/Military
Nation State
A group of people claiming a A group of people org-
common identity + the right anized under a govern-
to be a state. May share ment. They must share
the following (to varying degrees):
Culture Government Territory Budget Language Borders Ethnicity Currency Religion Police Force/Military
Examples of each…Examples of each…
Nation: The Kurds Palestine Kosovo (until this year) Chechnya Cherokee Scotland ?
Nation: The Kurds Palestine Kosovo (until this year) Chechnya Cherokee Scotland ?
State: United Kingdom Russian Federation PRC United Mexican States Federal Rep. of Nigeria Islamic Rep. of Iran
State: United Kingdom Russian Federation PRC United Mexican States Federal Rep. of Nigeria Islamic Rep. of Iran
Regimes & Institutions
Regime: A country’s institutions, rules, and practices that carry over across time, even though leaders and issues change. (the system of government in a country)
Institutions: Stable, long-lasting organizations that help to turn political ideas into policy. Examples: bureaucracies, legislatures, judicial
systems, political parties, military
Types of Regimes
Totalitarian Communist
MonarchyC o n stitu tio n a l
R e a l
Oligarchy(ru le by a sm al group)
Dictatorship
Authoritarian R egim es(decis ions are m ade by politica l e lites)
DemocracyAuthority is based on the will of the people
Direct people have
immediate say over governmental decisions
Representative people choose
representatives to make political decisions for them
Legitimacy(the right to rule, as determined by their own citizens)
Traditional: tradition should determine who rules and how (Ex: monarchies, G.Britain)
Charismatic: dynamic personality of an individual leader or small group. Often doesn’t go past its founder. (Ex: Revolutionaries)
Rational-legal: based on a system of well-established and institutionalized laws and procedures. Based on the acceptance of rule of law. (Ex: U.S.)
Theme 2: Political Institutions! Unitary/Federal/Confederate Supranational Organizations (UN, EU, NAFTA)
Globalization/Fragmentation Executives (Head of State/Head of Government)
Bureaucracies Legislatures (unicameral vs. bicameral)
Judiciaries (judicial review)
Linkage Institutions (parties, interest groups, media)
Electoral Systems (proportional, first-past-the-post)
Political Elite & Recruitment (leader succession)
Theme 3: Citizens, Society and the State!Theme 3: Citizens, Society and the State!• Society cleavages: ethnic, religious,
linguistic, regional, class, political, etc..
• Civil Society: organizations outside of the state that help people define and advance their own interests.
• Society cleavages: ethnic, religious, linguistic, regional, class, political, etc..
• Civil Society: organizations outside of the state that help people define and advance their own interests.
Theme 4: Political & Economic Change!Reform: does not advocate overthrow of
basic institutions.
Revolution: major revision or overthrow of existing institutions.
Coup d’etat: “blows to the state”. Replacement of leaders by force.
3 Trends in Change…
1. Democratization
2. Movement towards Market Economies
3. Revival of Ethnic or Cultural Politics
Democratization
Liberal Democracies: Civil liberties (such as freedom of
speech, belief, assembly….) Rule of Law (equal treatment of
citizens) Neutrality of the judiciary Open Civil Society Civilian control of the military
Theme 5: Public Policy!
Economic Performance Social Welfare Civil liberties, rights, & freedoms
(Freedom House) Environment Corruption (Transparency Int’l) Disease/HIV/AIDS Nationalization/Privatization