Unit 1: Text A 21st Century College English: Book 4 Who Is Great?

Unit 1: Text AUnit 1: Text AUnit 1: Text AUnit 1: Text A2121st Century College English: Book 4st Century College English: Book 4

Who Is Great?

Unit 1: Text AUnit 1: Text A

• Lead-in ActivitiesLead-in Activities

• Text OrganizationText Organization

• Reading & Writing SkillsReading & Writing Skills

• Language PointsLanguage Points

• Guided PracticeGuided Practice

• AssignmentAssignment

Lead-in ActivitiesLead-in Activities

1) In your opinion, what are the characteristics 1) In your opinion, what are the characteristics

of great people? (the differences between great of great people? (the differences between great

people and other people)people and other people)

2) Tell your classmates about a great person 2) Tell your classmates about a great person

you particularly admireyou particularly admire

Questions for DiscussionQuestions for Discussion

Text OrganizationText Organization

I. I. Introduction of the topic by the examples Introduction of the topic by the examples of some great peopleof some great people

I. I. Introduction of the topic by the examples Introduction of the topic by the examples of some great peopleof some great people

II.II. Definition of being great. (Who is Definition of being great. (Who is great?) great?)

II.II. Definition of being great. (Who is Definition of being great. (Who is great?) great?)

III. III. Common characteristics of great Common characteristics of great people people

III. III. Common characteristics of great Common characteristics of great people people

Who Is Great?Who Is Great?Who Is Great?Who Is Great?

Paras. 1-3Paras. 1-3Paras. 1-3Paras. 1-3



Reading & Writing SkillsReading & Writing Skills

1. Reading skill: 1. Reading skill:

There are three levels of understanding and evaluation in There are three levels of understanding and evaluation in efficient reading:efficient reading:

a.a. To grasp the overall idea of main point of a given To grasp the overall idea of main point of a given passage along with its general structure;passage along with its general structure;

b.b. To subject the specific details to closer examination To subject the specific details to closer examination and explain what something means and why it is and explain what something means and why it is introduced;introduced;

c.c. To evaluate what the author has said, determine what To evaluate what the author has said, determine what conclusions might be drawn and what judgment could conclusions might be drawn and what judgment could be passed on.be passed on.

Reading & Writing SkillsReading & Writing Skills

2) Writing skill:2) Writing skill:

This text is a magazine article which reports on the This text is a magazine article which reports on the ideas of another book, When presenting ideas from ideas of another book, When presenting ideas from another source, it is important to be clear about the another source, it is important to be clear about the source of your information and wording, Giving proper source of your information and wording, Giving proper credit to your sources is called citation and the failure to credit to your sources is called citation and the failure to do this is a serious offense known as plagiarismdo this is a serious offense known as plagiarism

In presenting the ideas from Simonton’s book, the In presenting the ideas from Simonton’s book, the author of the article uses both direct quotation (repeating author of the article uses both direct quotation (repeating words from a source exactly and using quotation marks) words from a source exactly and using quotation marks) and indirect quotation (repeating the ideas from a source, and indirect quotation (repeating the ideas from a source, but putting them into one’s own words).but putting them into one’s own words).

Language PointsLanguage Points

Text A:

Who Is Great?


Who Is Great?Who Is Great?

11 As a young boy, Albert Einstein did so poorly in school that

teachers thought he was slow. The young Napoleon Bonaparte was

just one of hundreds of artillery lieutenants in the French Army. And

the teenage George Washington, with little formal education, was

being trained not as a soldier but as a land surveyor.

22 Despite their unspectacular beginnings, each would go on to carve

a place for himself in history. What was it that enabled them to

become great? Were they born with something special? Or did their

greatness have more to do with timing, devotion and, perhaps, an

uncompromising personality?

33 For decades, scientists have been asking such questions. For decades, scientists have been asking such questions.

And, in the past few years, they have found evidence to help And, in the past few years, they have found evidence to help

explain why some people explain why some people rise above, while others — similarly , while others — similarly

talented, perhaps — are left behind. Their findings could have talented, perhaps — are left behind. Their findings could have

implications for us all.implications for us all.


44 Who is great? Defining who is great depends on how one Who is great? Defining who is great depends on how one

measures success. But there are some criteria. “Someone who has measures success. But there are some criteria. “Someone who has

made a lasting contribution to human civilization is great,” said made a lasting contribution to human civilization is great,” said

Dean Dean Keith Simonton, a professor of psychology at the University of , a professor of psychology at the University of

California at Davis and author of the 1994 book Greatness: Who California at Davis and author of the 1994 book Greatness: Who

Makes History and Why. But he added a word of caution: “Makes History and Why. But he added a word of caution: “

Sometimes great people don’t make it into history books. A lot of women

achieved great things or were influential but went unrecognized.

””


5 5 In writing his book, Simonton combined historical knowledge In writing his book, Simonton combined historical knowledge

about about great figures with recent findings in genetics, psychiatry and with recent findings in genetics, psychiatry and

the social sciences. The great figures he focused on include men the social sciences. The great figures he focused on include men

and women who have won Nobel Prizes, led great nations or won and women who have won Nobel Prizes, led great nations or won

wars, composed symphonies that have endured for centuries, or wars, composed symphonies that have endured for centuries, or

revolutionized science, philosophy, politics or the arts. Though he science, philosophy, politics or the arts. Though he

doesn’t have a formula to define how or why certain people rise doesn’t have a formula to define how or why certain people rise

above (too many factors are involved), he has come up with a few above (too many factors are involved), he has come up with a few

common characteristics.common characteristics.


66 A “never surrender” attitude. If great achievers share anything, A “never surrender” attitude. If great achievers share anything,

said Simonton, it is an unrelenting drive to succeed. “There’s a said Simonton, it is an unrelenting drive to succeed. “There’s a

tendency to think that they tendency to think that they are endowed with something super- something super-

normal,” he explained. “But what normal,” he explained. “But what comes out of the research is that the research is that

there are great people who have no amazing intellectual processes. there are great people who have no amazing intellectual processes.

It’s a difference in degree. Greatness is built upon tremendous It’s a difference in degree. Greatness is built upon tremendous

amounts of study, practice and devotion.”amounts of study, practice and devotion.”


77 He cited Winston Churchill, Britain’s prime minister during He cited Winston Churchill, Britain’s prime minister during

World War II, as an example of a risk-taker who would never give up. World War II, as an example of a risk-taker who would never give up.

Thrust into office when his country’s morale was at its lowest, Thrust into office when his country’s morale was at its lowest,

Churchill rose brilliantly to lead the British people. In a speech Churchill rose brilliantly to lead the British people. In a speech

following following the Allied evacuation at Dunkirk in 1940, he inspired the in 1940, he inspired the

nation when he said, “nation when he said, “

We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end...We shall never surren

der.

””


8 8 Can you be born great? In looking at Churchill’s role in history Can you be born great? In looking at Churchill’s role in history

— as well as the roles of other political and military leaders — — as well as the roles of other political and military leaders —

Simonton discovered Simonton discovered a striking pattern: “Firstborns and only children : “Firstborns and only children

tend to make good leaders in time of crisis: They’re used to taking tend to make good leaders in time of crisis: They’re used to taking

charge. But middle-borns are better as peacetime leaders: They charge. But middle-borns are better as peacetime leaders: They

listen to different interest groups better and make the necessary listen to different interest groups better and make the necessary

compromises. Churchill, an only child, was typical. He was great in compromises. Churchill, an only child, was typical. He was great in

a crisis, but in peacetime he was not effective — not even popular.”a crisis, but in peacetime he was not effective — not even popular.”


99 Timing is another factor. “If you took George Washington and Timing is another factor. “If you took George Washington and

put him in the 20th century put him in the 20th century he would go nowhere as a politician,” ,”

Simonton declared. “He was not an effective public speaker, and he Simonton declared. “He was not an effective public speaker, and he

didn’t like shaking hands with the public. On the other hand, I’m not didn’t like shaking hands with the public. On the other hand, I’m not

sure Franklin Roosevelt would have done well in Washington’s sure Franklin Roosevelt would have done well in Washington’s

time. He wouldn’t have had the radio to do his fireside chats.”time. He wouldn’t have had the radio to do his fireside chats.”


1010 Can you be too smart? One surprise among Simonton’s findings Can you be too smart? One surprise among Simonton’s findings

is that many political and military leaders have been bright but not is that many political and military leaders have been bright but not

overly so. overly so.

Beyond a certain point, he explained, other factors, like the ability to communicate effectively, become more important than innate intelligence as measured by an IQ test.

The most intelligent U.S. Presidents, for example — Thomas The most intelligent U.S. Presidents, for example — Thomas

Jefferson, Jefferson, Woodrow Wilson and John F. Kennedy — had a hard time and John F. Kennedy — had a hard time

getting elected, Simonton said, while others with IQs closer to the getting elected, Simonton said, while others with IQs closer to the

average (such as Warren G. Harding) won by landslides. While political average (such as Warren G. Harding) won by landslides. While political

and economic factors also are involved, having a genius IQ is not and economic factors also are involved, having a genius IQ is not

necessary to be a great leader.necessary to be a great leader.


1111 In the sciences, those with “genius level” IQs do have a better In the sciences, those with “genius level” IQs do have a better

chance at achieving recognition, added Simonton. chance at achieving recognition, added Simonton.

Yet evidence also indicates that overcoming traditional ways of thinking may be just as important.

1212 He pointed to one recent study where college students were He pointed to one recent study where college students were

given a set of data and were asked to see if they could come up with given a set of data and were asked to see if they could come up with

a mathematical relation. Almost a third did. What they did not know a mathematical relation. Almost a third did. What they did not know

was that they had just solved one of the most famous scientific was that they had just solved one of the most famous scientific

equations in history: the Third Law of Planetary Motion, an equation equations in history: the Third Law of Planetary Motion, an equation

that Johannes Kepler came up with in 1618.that Johannes Kepler came up with in 1618.



1313 Kepler’s genius, Simonton said, was not so much in solving a Kepler’s genius, Simonton said, was not so much in solving a

mathematical challenge. It was in thinking about the numbers in a mathematical challenge. It was in thinking about the numbers in a

unique way — applying his mathematical knowledge to his unique way — applying his mathematical knowledge to his

observations of planetary motion. It was his boldness that observations of planetary motion. It was his boldness that

set him apart..

1414 Love your work. As a child, Einstein became fascinated with the Love your work. As a child, Einstein became fascinated with the

way magnets are drawn to metal. “He couldn’t stop thinking about way magnets are drawn to metal. “He couldn’t stop thinking about

this stuff,” Simonton pointed out. “He became this stuff,” Simonton pointed out. “He became obsessed with with

problems in physics by the time he was 16, and he never stopped problems in physics by the time he was 16, and he never stopped

working on them. It’s not surprising that he made major contributions working on them. It’s not surprising that he made major contributions

by the time he was 26.”by the time he was 26.”

1515 “For most of us, it’s not that we don’t have the ability,” “For most of us, it’s not that we don’t have the ability,”

Simonton added, “it’s that we don’t devote the time. You have to Simonton added, “it’s that we don’t devote the time. You have to

put in the effort and the effort and put up with all the frustrations and obstacles.” all the frustrations and obstacles.”

1616 Like other creative geniuses, Einstein was not motivated by a Like other creative geniuses, Einstein was not motivated by a

desire for fame, said Simonton. Instead, his obsession with his desire for fame, said Simonton. Instead, his obsession with his

work was what set him apart.work was what set him apart.

1717 Where such drive comes from remains a mystery. But it is Where such drive comes from remains a mystery. But it is

found in nearly all creative geniuses — whether or not their genius found in nearly all creative geniuses — whether or not their genius

is acknowledged by contemporaries.is acknowledged by contemporaries.


1818 ““Emily Dickinson was not recognized for her poetry until after was not recognized for her poetry until after

her death,” said Simonton. “But she was not writing for fame. The her death,” said Simonton. “But she was not writing for fame. The

same can be same can be said of James Joyce, who didn’t spend a lot of time , who didn’t spend a lot of time

worrying about how many people would read Finnegans Wake.”worrying about how many people would read Finnegans Wake.”


1919

Today, researchers have evidence that an intrinsic passion for one’s work is a key to rising above

. In a 1985 study at Brandeis University conducted by Teresa . In a 1985 study at Brandeis University conducted by Teresa

Amabile, now a professor of business administration at Harvard Amabile, now a professor of business administration at Harvard

University, a group of professional writers — none famous — were University, a group of professional writers — none famous — were

asked to write a short poem. Each writer was then randomly placed asked to write a short poem. Each writer was then randomly placed

in one of three groups: One group was asked to keep in mind the in one of three groups: One group was asked to keep in mind the

idea of writing for money; another was told to think about writing idea of writing for money; another was told to think about writing

just for pleasure; and a third group was given no instruction at all. just for pleasure; and a third group was given no instruction at all.


2020 The poems then were submitted anonymously to The poems then were submitted anonymously to

a panel of professional writers for evaluation. The poetry written by for evaluation. The poetry written by

people who thought about writing for money ranked lowest. Those people who thought about writing for money ranked lowest. Those

who thought about writing just for pleasure did the best. who thought about writing just for pleasure did the best.

“Motivation that comes from enjoying the work makes a significant “Motivation that comes from enjoying the work makes a significant

difference,” Amabile said.difference,” Amabile said.


Text-related informationText-related informationText-related informationText-related information

Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821)Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821)

Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of the French from 1804 to of the French from 1804 to 1814, is known in history as 1814, is known in history as Napoleon I. In 1804-1805, a Napoleon I. In 1804-1805, a European coalition was formed European coalition was formed against Napoleon. The defeat at against Napoleon. The defeat at the battle of Waterloo in 1815 the battle of Waterloo in 1815 ended his rule. He spent the rest ended his rule. He spent the rest of his life in exile on St. Helena. of his life in exile on St. Helena.

carve carve

1. form sth. by cutting away material from wood or 1. form sth. by cutting away material from wood or stone stone

2. build one’s (career, reputation, etc.) by hard work 2. build one’s (career, reputation, etc.) by hard work

Examples:Examples:

•• The pot was The pot was carvedcarved out of a single piece of stone. out of a single piece of stone.

•• The new airline hopes to The new airline hopes to carvecarve (out) a place for itself (out) a place for itself in the European market.in the European market.

rise above rise above

— — become successful or outstanding become successful or outstanding

Examples:Examples:

•• Justin Justin rose aboverose above and did well in his classes. and did well in his classes.

•• A woman who can A woman who can rise aboverise above (such difficulties) is (such difficulties) is obviously exceptional.obviously exceptional.


Keith SimontonKeith Simonton

Dr. Keith Simonton is Dr. Keith Simonton is

professor of Psychology at the professor of Psychology at the

University of California at University of California at

Davis. He is on the editorial Davis. He is on the editorial

board of board of the Creativity the Creativity

Research JournalResearch Journal, , Leadership Leadership

QuarterlyQuarterly, , Review of General Review of General

PsychologyPsychology, , Journal of Journal of

Creative BehaviorCreative Behavior, etc., etc.

TranslationTranslationSometimes great people don’t make it into history books. Sometimes great people don’t make it into history books. A lot of women achieved great things or were influential A lot of women achieved great things or were influential but went unrecognized.but went unrecognized.

Translate the sentence:Translate the sentence:

??

Key:Key:

有时候伟人并没有被载入史册。许多女性取得了巨大成有时候伟人并没有被载入史册。许多女性取得了巨大成就，或者颇具影响力，但却没有得到承认。就，或者颇具影响力，但却没有得到承认。

great figuresgreat figures

— — great peoplegreat people

Examples:Examples:

•• He was a He was a great figuregreat figure in the independent struggle. in the independent struggle.

•• He is a He is a great figuregreat figure in the anti-Japanese war. in the anti-Japanese war.

revolutionizerevolutionize

— — vt. vt. completely changecompletely change

Examples:Examples:

•• Newton’s discoveries Newton’s discoveries revolutionizedrevolutionized physics. physics.

•• These time-saving techniques could These time-saving techniques could revolutionizerevolutionize your your life.life.

be endowed with be endowed with

— — naturally have a good quality, ability, feature, etc.naturally have a good quality, ability, feature, etc.

Examples:Examples:

•• She She is endowed withis endowed with intelligence as well as beauty. intelligence as well as beauty.

•• The place The place isis generally generally endowed withendowed with prehistoric sites. prehistoric sites.

come out ofcome out of

— — result form; be producedresult form; be produced

Examples:Examples:

•• What What came out ofcame out of your long talks with the director? your long talks with the director?

•• The system has The system has come out ofcome out of artificial intelligence artificial intelligence research.research.


The Allied evacuation at DunkirkThe Allied evacuation at Dunkirk

Dunkirk is an important Dunkirk is an important

commercial seaport, which was commercial seaport, which was

one of the great actions of World one of the great actions of World

War II. From May 29 to June 4, War II. From May 29 to June 4,

small volunteer craft crossed the small volunteer craft crossed the

channel and evacuated 360,000, or channel and evacuated 360,000, or

three quarters, of the Allied forces three quarters, of the Allied forces

in the face of a terrible artillery in the face of a terrible artillery

bombardment.bombardment.

TranslationTranslationWe shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end...We We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end...We shall never surrender.shall never surrender.


??

Key:Key:

我们不会衰退、失败。我们将坚持到底……我们永远不我们不会衰退、失败。我们将坚持到底……我们永远不会屈服。会屈服。

More to learnMore to learnMore to learnMore to learn

flag and failflag and fail —— is an example of alliteration, the use of two or is an example of alliteration, the use of two or more words close together which all begin with the more words close together which all begin with the same letter or sound to create a musical rhythm to same letter or sound to create a musical rhythm to the speech.the speech.

Examples:Examples:

•• TTime and ime and ttide wait for no man.ide wait for no man.

•• RRound the ound the rrugged ugged rrocks the ocks the rragged agged rrascal ascal rran.an.

a striking pattern a striking pattern

— — a remarkable and rascal rulea remarkable and rascal rule

Examples:Examples:

•• behavior behavior patternpattern

•• the the patternpattern of family life has been changing over of family life has been changing over recent years.recent years.

patternpattern

— — way in which something happens, moves or developsway in which something happens, moves or develops

he would go nowhere as a politicianhe would go nowhere as a politician

— — he would not make a successful politicianhe would not make a successful politician

Examples:Examples:

•• He’ll He’ll go nowherego nowhere with her; she is too young. with her; she is too young.

•• I’m trying to persuade her to come but I’m I’m trying to persuade her to come but I’m getting getting nowherenowhere..

If you say that you are If you say that you are nowherenowhere, that you are going or , that you are going or

getting nowhere, or that something is getting you getting nowhere, or that something is getting you

nowhere, you mean that all your efforts are not successfulnowhere, you mean that all your efforts are not successful

TranslationTranslationBeyond a certain point, he explained, other factors, like the Beyond a certain point, he explained, other factors, like the ability to communicate effectively, become more important ability to communicate effectively, become more important than innate intelligence as measured by an IQ test.than innate intelligence as measured by an IQ test.


??

Key:Key:

他解释说，超过了某一阶段，其他因素，如有效沟通的他解释说，超过了某一阶段，其他因素，如有效沟通的能力等，便变得比通过智商测试得的先天智力更为重要能力等，便变得比通过智商测试得的先天智力更为重要了。了。


Woodrow Wilson (1856-1924)Woodrow Wilson (1856-1924)

Woodrow Wilson was twenty-eighth Woodrow Wilson was twenty-eighth

President of the USA (1913-1921). He President of the USA (1913-1921). He

entered an academic career in 1883 entered an academic career in 1883

and was appointed president of and was appointed president of

Princeton University in 1902.Wilson Princeton University in 1902.Wilson

became a successful reform governor became a successful reform governor

and earned a reputation that helped and earned a reputation that helped

give him the Democratic nomination give him the Democratic nomination

for the Presidency in 1912.for the Presidency in 1912.

TranslationTranslationYet evidence also indicates that overcoming traditional Yet evidence also indicates that overcoming traditional ways of thinking may be just as important.ways of thinking may be just as important.


??

Key:Key:

然而，证据也表明克服传统是思维方式也许同样重要。然而，证据也表明克服传统是思维方式也许同样重要。

set … apartset … apart

— — make … different from or superior to othersmake … different from or superior to others

Examples:Examples:

•• His exceptional height His exceptional height setset him him apartapart from the rest of from the rest of the man. the man.

•• The attributes The attributes setset humans humans apartapart from even the most from even the most intelligent machines.intelligent machines.

obsessedobsessed

—— unable to think about something; too interested in or unable to think about something; too interested in or very worried about somethingvery worried about something

Examples:Examples:

•• The government seems The government seems obsessedobsessed by the need for by the need for secrecy. secrecy.

•• They’re both They’re both obsessedobsessed with the fear of getting AIDS. with the fear of getting AIDS.

put input in

— — use or spend (effort, time, etc.)use or spend (effort, time, etc.)

Examples:Examples:

•• You’ve obviously You’ve obviously putput a lot of work a lot of work inin your garden. your garden.

•• If I If I put input in some extra hours today, I can have time off some extra hours today, I can have time off tomorrow.tomorrow.

put up withput up with

— — tolerate or bear; be willing to accept (sth. unpleasant tolerate or bear; be willing to accept (sth. unpleasant or not desirable.)or not desirable.)

Examples:Examples:

•• He’s finding it difficult to He’s finding it difficult to put up withput up with the pain. the pain.

•• They have a lot to They have a lot to put up withput up with..


Emily Dickinson (1830-1886)Emily Dickinson (1830-1886)

Emily Dickinson, a New England Emily Dickinson, a New England

spinster whose work was unknown in spinster whose work was unknown in

her lifetime, was one of American’s her lifetime, was one of American’s

Finest poets. Her three volume poem, Finest poets. Her three volume poem,

Poems of Emily Dickinson, Poems of Emily Dickinson, are brief and are brief and

condensed, characterized by unusual condensed, characterized by unusual

rhyming and swift flashes of insight. rhyming and swift flashes of insight.

The collection The collection Letter of Emily Dickinson Letter of Emily Dickinson

was published in 1958.was published in 1958.

say ofsay of

— — express an opinion aboutexpress an opinion about

Examples:Examples:

•• People People say ofsay of him that he’s over 100. him that he’s over 100.

•• It’s often It’s often said ofsaid of the island that it is like a jewel set in the island that it is like a jewel set in the sea.the sea.

TranslationTranslationToday, researchers have evidence that an intrinsic passion Today, researchers have evidence that an intrinsic passion for one’s work is a key to rising above.for one’s work is a key to rising above.

Translate the sentenceTranslate the sentence

??

Key:Key:

如今，研究者们有证据证明，对自己工作的一种内在的如今，研究者们有证据证明，对自己工作的一种内在的热情是出类拔萃的一个关键所在。热情是出类拔萃的一个关键所在。

a panel ofa panel of professional writer professional writer

— — a small group of professional writers.a small group of professional writers.

Examples:Examples:

•• The competition will be judged by a The competition will be judged by a panelpanel of experts. of experts.

•• Does the Does the panelpanel think that the proposed sale of these think that the proposed sale of these nationalized industries is beneficial to the country?nationalized industries is beneficial to the country?

a panela panel is a small group of people who are chosen, for is a small group of people who are chosen, for example, to discuss or give their opinions on a particular example, to discuss or give their opinions on a particular subject in public, or to hear evidence and make a subject in public, or to hear evidence and make a decisiondecision


James Joyce (1882-1941)James Joyce (1882-1941)

James Joyce, an Irish novelist and James Joyce, an Irish novelist and poet, was educated at a Jesuit poet, was educated at a Jesuit boarding school and University boarding school and University College, Dublin. His masterpiece, College, Dublin. His masterpiece, Ulysses Ulysses (1922)(1922),,employs a variety of employs a variety of techniques, and ranges from extreme techniques, and ranges from extreme realism to fantasy. His important realism to fantasy. His important works also include works also include Dubliners Dubliners (1914) (1914) (collection of short stories), (collection of short stories), A Portrait A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man of the Artist as a Young Man (1914-(1914-1915), (autobiographical novel) and 1915), (autobiographical novel) and Finnegans Wake (1939).Finnegans Wake (1939).

Guided Practice

• Vocabulary• Cloze• Translation• Structure Writing

《读写教程 IV 》 : Ex. IV, p12Ex. IV, p12《读写教程 IV 》 : Ex. IV, p12Ex. IV, p12

VocabularyVocabulary

2. When you’re writing a paper, you must ________________ the

sources of the statements you have quoted to support your

argument.

1. I’m just coming around to have a friendly ________ with you.

How are you doing?

chatchat

acknowledgeacknowledge


despitedespite criterioncriterion contributioncontributioninfluential influential characteristiccharacteristic citecite moral moral

chatchat innateinnate obstacleobstacle motivatemotivateobsessionobsession acknowledgeacknowledge contemporarycontemporary intrinsicintrinsic

submitsubmit



submitsubmit

IV.IV. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.form where necessary.

3. As the saying goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” People 3. As the saying goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” People

who want to make things better can do so if only they are strongly who want to make things better can do so if only they are strongly

_________._________.

4. 4. The expression of intense feelings in a simple and yet profound The expression of intense feelings in a simple and yet profound

way is recognized as a way is recognized as a _____________ _____________ of Emily Dickinson’s of Emily Dickinson’s

poetry.poetry.

motivatedmotivated




submitsubmit



submitsubmit


characteristiccharacteristic

6. 6. As the most As the most ____________________ US president, Franklin Roosevelt left a US president, Franklin Roosevelt left a

legacy which still deeply affects the country today.legacy which still deeply affects the country today.

5. 5. Thomas Jefferson devoted himself completely to the drafting of Thomas Jefferson devoted himself completely to the drafting of

the Declaration of Independence the Declaration of Independence ______________ his personal sorrow his personal sorrow

and trouble.and trouble.

despitedespite

influentialinfluential




submitsubmit



submitsubmit


8. As I see it, laziness is the biggest 8. As I see it, laziness is the biggest ________ to person’s success.________ to person’s success.

7.7. Madame Curie is often Madame Curie is often __________ as an example of a great as an example of a great

scientist who would never yield to hardships in her quest for scientist who would never yield to hardships in her quest for

knowledge.knowledge.




submitsubmit



submitsubmit


citedcited

obstacleobstacle




submitsubmit



submitsubmit


9.9. Curiosity is the best teacher. If materials of no Curiosity is the best teacher. If materials of no ________________ interest interest

are crammed into students’ head, no effective learning can be are crammed into students’ head, no effective learning can be

achieved.achieved.

10.10. What are your What are your ______________ for selecting the greatest literary works of for selecting the greatest literary works of

the 20the 20thth century? century?

intrinsicintrinsic

criteriacriteria

11.11. It’s good to see a child develop different interests, but when any It’s good to see a child develop different interests, but when any

interest turns into an interest turns into an ____________________ it can be worrying to parents. it can be worrying to parents.


12. Before they go to school, children manage to progress from 12. Before they go to school, children manage to progress from

newborns with only newborns with only ______ abilities to children with an ______ abilities to children with an

enormous amount of knowledge about the ten years of enormous amount of knowledge about the ten years of

research.research.

obsessionobsession

innatinnatee



submitsubmit



submitsubmit





submitsubmit



submitsubmit


13.13. Mother Teresa will long be remembered for her unique Mother Teresa will long be remembered for her unique

________________________ to the cause of caring for the sick and dying. to the cause of caring for the sick and dying.

14.14. Albert Einstein, Franklin Roosevelt’s Albert Einstein, Franklin Roosevelt’s __________________________, got , got

involved in politics by suggesting the government develop its involved in politics by suggesting the government develop its

own nuclear weapons programown nuclear weapons program..

contributioncontribution

contemporarycontemporary




submitsubmit



submitsubmit


15.15. For the inclusion of your record in the For the inclusion of your record in the Guinness Book of World Guinness Book of World

Records, Records, an application must be an application must be _________ _________ to its headquarters to its headquarters

in London.in London.

16.16. History has proved that in time of crisis a capable and charismatic History has proved that in time of crisis a capable and charismatic

(( 有魅力的有魅力的 )) person must be called to leadership so as to raise the person must be called to leadership so as to raise the

nation’s nation’s ______.______.

submittedsubmitted

moralmoral

《读写教程 IV 》 : Ex. V, P13Ex. V, P13《读写教程 IV 》 : Ex. V, P13Ex. V, P13



V.V. Fill in the blanks with the phrases given below. Change the Fill in the blanks with the phrases given below. Change the form where necessary. form where necessary.

make historymake history rise aboverise above leave behindleave behindfocus onfocus on come up withcome up with be endowed withbe endowed withbuild uponbuild upon put input in go nowherego nowhere set apartset apart take chargetake charge put up withput up with


1. 1. As today’s world is making fantastic progress in science and As today’s world is making fantastic progress in science and

technology, any nation content to rely on past successes will technology, any nation content to rely on past successes will

soon be soon be ___________.___________.

2. 2. Though she was only a normal athlete in high school, in college Though she was only a normal athlete in high school, in college

her ability allowed her toher ability allowed her to__________ __________ and become a starand become a star

left left behindbehind

rise aboverise above


3. 3. After replacing a wounded artillery general, Napoleon After replacing a wounded artillery general, Napoleon

____________ ____________ at the young age of 24 by seizing rebellious at the young age of 24 by seizing rebellious

Toulon Toulon (( 土伦土伦 ))..

4. 4. I wish I I wish I ____________________________________ both intelligence and good looks, both intelligence and good looks,

but overall I think it’s more important to be smart than pretty.but overall I think it’s more important to be smart than pretty.

made historymade history

were endowed withwere endowed with


make historymake history rise aboverise above leave behindleave behindfocus onfocus on come up withcome up with be endowed withbe endowed withbuild uponbuild upon put input in go nowhere go nowhere set set apartapart take chargetake charge put up withput up with



6. 6. This approach is This approach is ____________________________. We had better come up with a . We had better come up with a

new way of dealing with this problem.new way of dealing with this problem.

going nowheregoing nowhere




5. 5. I enjoy my work, but my boss bothers me so much that I’m not I enjoy my work, but my boss bothers me so much that I’m not

sure how much longer I’ll be able to sure how much longer I’ll be able to ____________ ____________ him.him.put up withput up with


7. 7. As the name suggests, the book As the name suggests, the book Greatness: Who Makes History Greatness: Who Makes History

and Whyand Why is supposed to is supposed to ________ ________ what enables some people to what enables some people to

go down in history.go down in history.

8. 8. This psychology professor’s study of great figures is reported to This psychology professor’s study of great figures is reported to

____________ over ten years of research.____________ over ten years of research.

focus onfocus on

were built onwere built on





9. 9. I think your grades are low because you don’t study enough. You I think your grades are low because you don’t study enough. You

really need to really need to ______________ more time studying if you expect to do more time studying if you expect to do

well.well.10. Advertising is a tough business because it is very difficult to 10. Advertising is a tough business because it is very difficult to

____________ ____________ new ideas to sell the same old products.new ideas to sell the same old products.

put input in

come up withcome up with








11. I think it’s the teacher’s responsibility to 11. I think it’s the teacher’s responsibility to ________________________ of the of the

class, not to always ask the students what they want to do.class, not to always ask the students what they want to do.

12. The qualities that truly 12. The qualities that truly ___ ___ Winston Churchill Winston Churchill _____ _____ were his were his

determination and his ability to inspire others.determination and his ability to inspire others.

take chargetake charge

setset apartapart

《读写教程 IV 》 : Ex. IX, p. 16Ex. IX, p. 16《读写教程 IV 》 : Ex. IX, p. 16Ex. IX, p. 16

ClozeCloze

1.1. A) unrelentingA) unrelentingB) influentialB) influentialC) thrustingC) thrustingD) surveyingD) surveying

2.2. A) citiesA) cities B) carvingsB) carvingsC) breakthroughsC) breakthroughsD) compositionsD) compositions

4.4. A) shareA) share B) flag B) flag C) believeC) believe D) hope D) hope

3.3. A) activeA) activeB) brilliant C) B) brilliant C) firstbornfirstbornD) super-normalD) super-normal

There are many paths to There are many paths to

greatness. Some people go down in greatness. Some people go down in

history for their history for their 1)____1)____ political political

leadership. Others are leadership. Others are

remembered for spectacular remembered for spectacular

scientific scientific 2)____2)____ for composing for composing

great symphonies, or writing great symphonies, or writing

3)____3)____ poetry. But whatever path poetry. But whatever path

they take, great people seem to they take, great people seem to

4)____4)____ a few common a few common

characteristics. characteristics.

ClozeCloze

IX. Fill in each blank with the most appropriate word from the four choices given..

1.1. A) unrelentingA) unrelentingB) influentialB) influentialC) thrustingC) thrustingD) surveyingD) surveying

2.2. A) citiesA) cities B) carvingsB) carvingsC) breakthroughsC) breakthroughsD) compositionsD) compositions

4.4. A) shareA) share B) flag B) flag C) believeC) believe D) hope D) hope

3.3. A) activeA) activeB) brilliantB) brilliant C) C) firstbornfirstbornD) super-normalD) super-normal

5.5. A) innateA) innateB) symphonicB) symphonicC) unspectacularC) unspectacularD) optimisticD) optimistic

6.6. A) by A) by B) throughB) throughC) intoC) into D) forD) for

7.7. A) submitA) submitB) evaluateB) evaluate C) C) remainremain D) D) landland8.8. A) playA) playB) equateB) equate C) C) submitsubmit D) D) carvecarve

They are relentlessly They are relentlessly 5)____5)____ and and

persistent; they have both persistent; they have both

intellectual skills and the ability to intellectual skills and the ability to

work well with other people; and work well with other people; and

they love their work. In fact, they love their work. In fact,

6)____6)____ these people, work is more these people, work is more

like an obsession than a job.like an obsession than a job.

Of course, many of the Of course, many of the

questions about greatness questions about greatness 7)____ 7)____ , ,

unanswered. What roles so genetics unanswered. What roles so genetics

and environment and environment 8)____8)____ in the in the

question?question?

ClozeCloze

5.5. A) innateA) innateB) symphonicB) symphonicC) unspectacularC) unspectacularD) optimisticD) optimistic

6.6. A) by A) by B) throughB) throughC) intoC) into D) forD) for

7.7. A) submitA) submitB) evaluateB) evaluate C) C) remainremain D) D) landland8.8. A) playA) playB) equateB) equate C) C) submitsubmit D) D) carvecarve

How can we know who among our How can we know who among our

9)9) will be remembered as great will be remembered as great

and which people, though famous and which people, though famous

today, will be today, will be 10)____10)____ in the in the

future? It’s also possible that our future? It’s also possible that our

11)____11)____ of who is great is not of who is great is not

always fair or accurate. For always fair or accurate. For

example, the of example, the of 12)____12)____ women are women are

not recognized as often as they not recognized as often as they

should be.should be.

ClozeCloze

9.9. A) colleagues A) colleagues B) contemporariesB) contemporariesC) risk-takersC) risk-takers

D) firstbornD) firstborn10.10.A) forgottenA) forgotten

B) super-normalB) super-normalC) characteristicC) characteristic

D) evacuatedD) evacuated

11.11. A) ideaA) idea B)surveyB)surveyC) boldnessC) boldness D) viewD) view

12.12. A)achievement B)optionsA)achievement B)optionsC) chatsC) chats D) D)

view view

9.9. A) colleagues A) colleagues B) contemporariesB) contemporariesC) risk-takersC) risk-takers

D) firstbornD) firstborn10.10.A) forgottenA) forgotten

B) super-normalB) super-normalC) characteristicC) characteristic

D) evacuatedD) evacuated

11.11. A) ideaA) idea B)surveyB)surveyC) boldnessC) boldness D) viewD) view

12.12. A)achievementA)achievement B)options B)optionsC) chatsC) chats D) D)

view view

13.13. A) citedA) citedB) sureB) sureC) endowedC) endowedD) naturalD) natural

14.14. A) aboutA) aboutB) forB) forC) withC) withD) byD) by

15.15. A) aboutA) about B) forB) forC) with C) with D) sinceD) since

Finally, we can’t even be Finally, we can’t even be 13)____13)____ if if

it is really good to be great. Maybe it is really good to be great. Maybe

the happiest people are the normal the happiest people are the normal

ones. Normal people aren’t ones. Normal people aren’t

endowed endowed 14)____14)____ what it takes to what it takes to

be great, but they also don’t have be great, but they also don’t have

to worry to worry 15)____15)____ the burdens of the burdens of

history.history.

ClozeCloze

13.13. A) citedA) citedB) sureB) sureC) endowedC) endowedD) naturalD) natural

14.14. A) aboutA) aboutB) forB) forC) withC) withD) byD) by

15.15. A) aboutA) about B) forB) forC) with C) with D) sinceD) since

TranslationTranslation

• TranslationTranslation Ex. X Ex. XI

《读写教程 IV 》 : Ex. X, p. 17Ex. X, p. 17《读写教程 IV 》 : Ex. X, p. 17Ex. X, p. 17


X. X. Translate the following into Chinese.Translate the following into Chinese.


If great achievers share anything, said Simonton, it is an If great achievers share anything, said Simonton, it is an

relenting drive to succeed. “There is an tendency to think relenting drive to succeed. “There is an tendency to think

that they are endowed with something super-normal,” he that they are endowed with something super-normal,” he

explained. “But what comes out of the research is that there explained. “But what comes out of the research is that there

are great people who have no amazing intellectual processes. are great people who have no amazing intellectual processes.

It’s a difference in degree. Greatness is built upon It’s a difference in degree. Greatness is built upon

tremendous amounts of study, practice and devotion.”tremendous amounts of study, practice and devotion.”


relenting drive to succeed.relenting drive to succeed. “There is an tendency to think “There is an tendency to think







relenting drive to succeed. relenting drive to succeed. “There is an tendency to think “There is an tendency to think


explained.explained. “But what comes out of the research is that there “But what comes out of the research is that there







explained. “explained. “But what comes out of the research is that there But what comes out of the research is that there


It’s a difference in degree.It’s a difference in degree. Greatness is built upon Greatness is built upon







It’s a difference in degree. It’s a difference in degree. Greatness is built upon Greatness is built upon

tremendous amounts of study, practice and devotion.tremendous amounts of study, practice and devotion.””

西蒙顿说，如果事业上取得巨大西蒙顿说，如果事业上取得巨大成就者具有什么共性的话，那就成就者具有什么共性的话，那就是一种持续不断追求成功的动力是一种持续不断追求成功的动力

人们往往认为他们具备人们往往认为他们具备一些超常非凡的东西一些超常非凡的东西

但研究表明，有的伟人并没有惊人的但研究表明，有的伟人并没有惊人的智力。有的只是程度上的差异而已智力。有的只是程度上的差异而已

伟大是建立在大量的学习、实伟大是建立在大量的学习、实践和献身精神的基础之上的。践和献身精神的基础之上的。

X. X. Translate the following into Chinese.Translate the following into Chinese.


He cited Winston Churchill, Britain’s prime minister He cited Winston Churchill, Britain’s prime minister

during World War II, as an example of a risk-taker who during World War II, as an example of a risk-taker who

would never give up. Thrust into his office when his would never give up. Thrust into his office when his

country’s moral was at its lowest, Churchill rose brilliantly country’s moral was at its lowest, Churchill rose brilliantly

to lead the British people. In a speech following the Allied to lead the British people. In a speech following the Allied

evacuation at Dunkirk in 1940, he inspired to nation when evacuation at Dunkirk in 1940, he inspired to nation when

he said, “We should not flag or fail. We shall go on to the he said, “We should not flag or fail. We shall go on to the

end… We shall never surrender.”end… We shall never surrender.”



would never give up.would never give up. Thrust into his office when his Thrust into his office when his








would never give up. would never give up. Thrust into his office when his Thrust into his office when his


to lead the British people.to lead the British people. In a speech following the Allied In a speech following the Allied






would never give up. Thrust into his office when his would never give up. Thrust into his office when his




he said, “he said, “We should not flag or fail. We shall go on to the We should not flag or fail. We shall go on to the

end… We shall never surrender.end… We shall never surrender.””

他举出二战时期的首相温斯他举出二战时期的首相温斯顿顿 ·· 邱吉尔作为一个永不放邱吉尔作为一个永不放弃的冒险者的典范。弃的冒险者的典范。

邱吉尔在全国上下士气最为低落的时候邱吉尔在全国上下士气最为低落的时候被推上台，并出色的领导了英国人民。被推上台，并出色的领导了英国人民。

我们不会衰退，失败。我们将坚我们不会衰退，失败。我们将坚持到底持到底…………我们永远不会屈服。我们永远不会屈服。

《读写教程 IV 》 : Ex. XI, p. 17Ex. XI, p. 17《读写教程 IV 》 : Ex. XI, p. 17Ex. XI, p. 17


XIV. Translate the following sentences into English.XIV. Translate the following sentences into English.

1.1. 美国人往往以从事的工作来对人们进行划分。家庭和教育美国人往往以从事的工作来对人们进行划分。家庭和教育背景这些特点被认为是不太重要的。背景这些特点被认为是不太重要的。

tend totend to

Americans tend to define people by the jobs they have/do. Such Americans tend to define people by the jobs they have/do. Such

characteristics as their family and educational backgrounds are characteristics as their family and educational backgrounds are

considered less important.considered less important.

define peopledefine peoplebe consideredbe considered


2.2. 他决不妥协的个性是他再也无法容忍它的雇主，并最终他决不妥协的个性是他再也无法容忍它的雇主，并最终递交了辞职书的原因。递交了辞职书的原因。

could no longer could no longer put up withput up with

His uncompromising personality explains why he could no longer His uncompromising personality explains why he could no longer

put up with his employer and eventually submitted his resignation.put up with his employer and eventually submitted his resignation.

explainexplainsubmit submit resignationresignation


3.3. 如果你真想学好英语，你就必须投入大量的时间和精力，如果你真想学好英语，你就必须投入大量的时间和精力，否则你就不会有任何进步。对于其他课程也可以这么说。否则你就不会有任何进步。对于其他课程也可以这么说。

put input in

If you really want to learn English well, you must put in a lot of time If you really want to learn English well, you must put in a lot of time

and energy, or you’ll go nowhere. The same can be said of other and energy, or you’ll go nowhere. The same can be said of other

subjects.subjects.

go nowherego nowhere

the same can be the same can be said ofsaid of


4.有些演员的名声靠的是他们天生的美貌，但是达斯汀ㆍ霍夫曼（ Dustin Hoffman ）尽管身材矮小（ short stature ） , 还是出类拔萃，而使他与众不同的正是他精湛的演技。

build on their build on their innate beautyinnate beauty

Some actors’ fame is built on their innate beauty, but despite his Some actors’ fame is built on their innate beauty, but despite his short stature, Dustin Hoffman rose above and it is his excellent short stature, Dustin Hoffman rose above and it is his excellent acting that sets him apart. acting that sets him apart.

rise aboverise above set him apartset him apart


5.5. 他负责管理之后，我们发现他与前任他负责管理之后，我们发现他与前任（（ predecessorpredecessor ））有明有明显的不同：他有干劲和激情，想出了很多新点子，并把工作重显的不同：他有干劲和激情，想出了很多新点子，并把工作重点放在如何鼓舞我们的士气上。点放在如何鼓舞我们的士气上。

Take chargeTake charge

After he took charge, we discovered that there were striking After he took charge, we discovered that there were striking differences between him and his predecessor. He had the drive and differences between him and his predecessor. He had the drive and passion, came up with many new ideas, and focused his work on passion, came up with many new ideas, and focused his work on how to raise our morale.how to raise our morale.

come up withcome up with

raise moralsraise morals


6.6. 当邓小平宣布中国改革开放政策的时候，他被永远载入史当邓小平宣布中国改革开放政策的时候，他被永远载入史册。尽管障碍重重，他以不懈的努力为我国的现代化作出了永册。尽管障碍重重，他以不懈的努力为我国的现代化作出了永久性的贡献。久性的贡献。

make historymake history

Deng Xiaoping made history when he declared China’s reform and Deng Xiaoping made history when he declared China’s reform and opening-up policy. Despite tremendous obstacles, he made lasting opening-up policy. Despite tremendous obstacles, he made lasting contributions to our country’s modernization with his unrelenting contributions to our country’s modernization with his unrelenting efforts.efforts.

with unrelenting effortswith unrelenting effortsmake lasting make lasting contribution tocontribution to


7. 为什么有人拥有天才级智商却被智商平平但很刻苦的人丢在后面？承认除了智商外，还有很多别的因素与一个认得成就有着很大的关系。

leave behindleave behind

Why could someone with a genius IQ be left behind by a Why could someone with a genius IQ be left behind by a hardworking person with an average IQ? It has to be acknowledged hardworking person with an average IQ? It has to be acknowledged that besides one’s IQ, many other factors have much to do with that besides one’s IQ, many other factors have much to do with one’s achievements.one’s achievements.

It has to be acknowledged that It has to be acknowledged that

has much to do withhas much to do with


8. 这位教师真了不起，她能在教东西之前调动学生的积极性。这并不是因为她有天赋，而是因为她只想着在课堂上吸引他们的注意力。 motivatemotivate

This teacher is really remarkable in motivating her students before This teacher is really remarkable in motivating her students before she can teach them something. It’s not that she is talented, it’s that she can teach them something. It’s not that she is talented, it’s that she is obsessed with drawing their attention in class.she is obsessed with drawing their attention in class.

be obsessed withbe obsessed with

draw one’s attentiondraw one’s attention


《读写教程 IV 》 : Ex. XIII, p. 19Ex. XIII, p. 19《读写教程 IV 》 : Ex. XIII, p. 19Ex. XIII, p. 19

Structured WritingStructured Writing

Structured Writing Structured Writing

XIII. Choose one of the following topics and write a short

passage in which you use at least two different sources to

answer the question.

Structured WritingStructured Writing

E.g. interviewing your friends, family or classmates; quoting TV

or movies, newspapers or magazines, reference books, ect.

Use whichever sources seem most appropriate to the question you Use whichever sources seem most appropriate to the question you

choose. Be sure to use the appropriate punctuation in making both choose. Be sure to use the appropriate punctuation in making both

direct and indirect quotations.direct and indirect quotations.

Write Your OwnWrite Your Own

1. What are the most important social questions facing 1. What are the most important social questions facing

China right now? China right now?

2. What is the most effective way to learn English?2. What is the most effective way to learn English?

Structured Writing Structured Writing

1.1. Review Text AReview Text A

2.2. Do exercises:Do exercises:

• • ClozeCloze (Ex. IX, p. 16)(Ex. IX, p. 16)

• • Translation Translation ((Ex. X& XIEx. X& XI, p. 17), p. 17)

3.3. Structured Writing (Ex.XIII, p. 19)Structured Writing (Ex.XIII, p. 19)

AssignmentAssignmentAssignmentAssignment

Unit 1: Text A 21st Century College English: Book 4 Who Is Great?

Documents

Transcript of Unit 1: Text A 21st Century College English: Book 4 Who Is Great?