Unit 1: Origins of the Universe

Day 4: Hydrogen and Helium in the Atomosphere

Opener

Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation…

What do you know!?!

- How do we hear it?

- Where do we hear it?

- Where did CMBR come from?

Critical Content for Today

A7- Describe under what conditions hydrogen and helium

were created in the universe

A8- Assess conditions of the changing universe and the

amount of hydrogen and helium that were created

What do you know about Subatomic

particles??

With your group, come

up with a list of

ANYTHING you know

about subatomic

particles?

Person sitting at seat #1

will share one idea with

the full group

Bill is going to teach us about atoms!

https://youtu.be/aNK1mQfNeik

Do we need to change or add

anything to our list about

subatomic particles??

Things to remember about subatomic

particles

Subatomic particles are the small

things that make up atoms

(which make up elements)

Atoms are made of:

Protons

Neutrons

Electrons

What makes up different elements

Element

Name

Element

Mass

Proton Neutron Electron

Oxygen 16 8

Nitrogen 14 7

Working with your group in your roles

(1) Facilitator (2) Materials

Handler

(3) Checker (4)

You will be assigned to a lab station around the room. This

is your station for a while, so get ready to love it!!

Element game

How to play the game:

The elements must contain

the correct number of

protons, neutron and

electrons so use your “How

are elements made” sheet

to figure it out

Example of creating Oxygen

Oxygen

P

P

PP

P

P P

P

PNN

N

N

N

N

NN

N

E

E

EE

E

EE

E

MASTERS OF THE UNIVERSE!!!

Everything in the world had to come from somewhere,

so you are about to be the master of the universe and

will create the beginning of everything.

But don’t get cocky, you only get 3:00 minutes to

create the building blocks of EVERYTHING in our

universe!

Graphing EVERYTHING!!!

Count the number of Hydrogen atoms

created and the number of Helium atoms

created

Fill in the pie chart based on the number

of hydrogen and helium atoms you have

Example: if you have 12 hydrogen, color in 12

pie pieces

Now the real story of the universe!

All

matter

is in a

hot/

dense

heap

BOOM!

Large

explosion

caused

universe

to

expand

Everything

was super

hot and

particles

were

really

small!

Quarks

and

Photons

Universe

cooled

off and

P, N, and

E started

to form

P, N, and E

started

fusing

together

to make

the super

light

elements

(Hydrogen

and

Helium)

3:00 minutes

passed and the

universe

expanded enough

and cooled off

enough that all the

initial elements

stopped being

created!

Elemental Ratio

Because of these VERY IMPORTANT 3:00, the universe is made

up of 75% Hydrogen and 24% Helium (plus 1% random other

stuff)

This matters because it tells us that all of the

Hydrogen and Helium were created at the same

time off of one big explosionIf there were multiple explosions creating the universe, we might see

more Hydrogen in one place and more Helium in another. But we

don’t see that!!

Critical Content for Today

A7- Describe under what conditions hydrogen and helium were

created in the universe

What type of event happened to start the creation of H and He?

A8- Assess conditions of the changing universe and the amount of

hydrogen and helium that were created

What happened to start H and He forming?

What happened to stop the H and He forming?

Theories about the origin of the universe

Big Bang

Theory

Pulsing Universe

Theory

Steady State Universe

Theory

The universe began very

small and due to a rapid

release of energy, the

universe has expanded.

The universe expanded

like a balloon in all

directions and will

continue to expand

The universe began very

small and due to a rapid

release of energy, the

universe has expanded.

Eventually the universe

reaches its outer limits

and collapses back. This

happens in a constant

pattern

The universe has no

beginning or no end. It is

constantly expanded as

matter is added by small

little explosions across

the universe

How to determine which theory is

In the space below the

evidence, decide if the

information fits with your

knowledge of the universe

If the evidence fits, record

“Why does it fit?”

If the evidence doesn’t fit:

“Why doesn’t it fit?”