Properties of Matter What is matter? Matter is anything that has mass and volume.
UNIT 1– Matter. What is matter anyway? Matter is ANYTHING that has MASS & takes up SPACE (has...
-
Upload
dale-stuart-stafford -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
1
Transcript of UNIT 1– Matter. What is matter anyway? Matter is ANYTHING that has MASS & takes up SPACE (has...
UNIT 1–
Matter
What is matter anyway?
Matter is ANYTHING that has MASS & takes up SPACE (has VOLUME)
Four States of Matter
Solids very low KE (kinetic energy) -
particles vibrate but can’t move around
fixed shape fixed volume
Four States of Matter
Liquids low KE - particles can
move over & around each other but are still close together
variable shape fixed volume
Four States of Matter
Gases high KE - particles have
enough energy to separate and move throughout container; so much so that gases are mostly empty space!
variable shape variable volume
Four States of Matter
Plasma Highest KE - particles collide with
enough energy to break into charged particles (+/-)
gas-like, variableshape & volume
stars, fluorescentlight bulbs
Fluids
What is a fluid? a substance that can FLOW & has
particles that are able to move around each other.
What 2 phases of matter are considered FLUIDS? Liquids & Gases
Properties of Fluids
What is viscosity? The ability of a liquid to flow or the
resistance to flow. (Honey is MORE viscous than water)
What is buoyancy? The upward force a fluid exerts on
an object.
Properties of Fluids
What 3 properties allow an object to be “buoyant”?1. The buoyant force exerted upward on the
object is ______________________ than the force downward of the object’s weight.
2. The ___________________ of the object is less than the _____________________ of the fluid.
3. The weight of the water displaced by the object is _________________ than the _____________ of the object.
Type of Matter
Kinetic energy
Shape Volume
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
States of Matter…Test YOUR knowledge!
Type of Matter
Kinetic energy
Shape Volume
Solid Very low Definite/fixed Definite/fixed
Liquid Low Indefinite/not fixed/variable
Definite/fixed
Gas High Indefinite/Not fixed/variable
Indefinite/Not fixed/variable
Plasma Very high Indefinite/ Not fixed/variable
Indefinite/ Not fixed/variable
States of Matter…Test YOUR knowledge!
C. Johannesson
Matter Flowchart
MATTER
Can it be physically separated?
Homogeneous Mixture
(solution)
Heterogeneous Mixture Compound Element
MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE
yes no
Can it be chemically decomposed?
noyesIs the composition uniform?
noyes
Colloids Suspensions
Matter Flowchart
Test yourself…
graphite
pepper
sugar (sucrose)
paint
soda
element
hetero. mixture
compound
hetero. mixture
solution
Properties of & Changes in Matter…
Density
Intensive vs. Extensive
Physical vs. Chemical
DENSITY Density is the measure of the MASS of a
substance to the VOLUME of a substance at a given temperature.
Density is expressed in g/mL or kg/L for liquids and g/cm3 for solids.
Density of a SUBSTANCE will determine if the substance will SINK or FLOAT in another substance. (recall buoyancy)
Accuracy vs. Precision
Accuracy - how close a measurement is to the accepted value
PRECISE = CONSISTENT or REPRODUCIBLE
ACCURATE = CORRECTNESS
• Precision - how close a series of measurements are to each other
Accurate & Precise
Precise, not accurate
Accurate, not Precise
Neither Accurate nor Precise
Example Problem
To determine the density of a certain metal alloy, a chemist
measures the mass and volume of each of four different samples of the alloy. The chemist obtains the density values shown in the
following:
Example Problem
Sample Density (measured)
1 5.87 g/cm3
2 5.89 g/cm3
3 5.83 g/cm3
4 5.92g/cm 3
Example ProblemLater, the chemist learns that the true
density of the alloy is 5.62 g/cm3. Describe the chemist’s results in terms of accuracy and precision.
a. accurate and preciseb. accurate, but not precisec. precise, but not accurate d. neither accurate nor precise
PHYSICAL CHANGES Physical Change
changes the form of a substance without changing its identity
EX: cutting, dissolving, grinding
Changes of state (phase changes)
are physical changes that
involve changes of energy.
PHASE CHANGES
SOLID LIQUID GAS
sublimation
melting vaporization
freezing condensation
deposition
Phase Changes (ARE physical change)
CHEMICAL CHANGES
Chemical Change
changes the identity of a substance
products have different properties
EX: tarnishing, burning, corroding
Physical vs. Chemical Indicators or Signs of a Chemical
Change (*important…you will need to know this for the rest of the year!!!)NEW substance formedChange of color or odorRelease or formation of a gasformation of a precipitate (solid
that settles…yes, a suspension)change in light or heat
Physical vs. Chemical CHANGE
You try it…(not in notes)
rusting iron
dissolving in water
burning a log
melting ice
grinding spices
chemical
physical
chemical
physical
physical
Physical vs. Chemical
Physical Property
can be observed without changing the identity of the substance
Chemical Property
describes the ability of a substance to undergo changes in identity
Physical vs. Chemical PROPERTY
You try it…
melting point
flammable
density
magnetic
tarnishes in air
physical
chemical
physical
physical
chemical
Other properties
Conductivity- the ability of energy to flow through something.
Reactivity- how likely a substance is to react with other substances
Boiling Point- the point when a liquid becomes a gas
Freezing/Melting Point- the point when a liquid becomes a solid
Mine
Scientific Notation
In science, numbers can be very small & very large (confusing!)
Numbers can be expressed in Scientific Notation:
M x 10n 1 ≤ M < 10 +n:
large # -n: small #
Scientific Notation To convert into Sci. Notation:
Move decimal until there’s 1 digit to its left. (# of places moved = exponent)
Large # (>1) positive exponentSmall # (<1) negative exponent
Only include sig figs.
65,000 kg 6.5 × 104 kg
Scientific Notation Practice Problems
1. 2,400,000
mg
2. 0.00256 kg
3. 7 10-5 km
4. 6.2 104 mm
2.4 106 mg
2.56 10-3 kg
0.00007 km
62,000 mm
Calculating with Scientific Notation
(5.44 × 107 g) ÷ (8.1 × 104 mol) =
5.442nd2nd
EEEE÷÷
2nd2nd
EEEE ENTERENTER7 8.1 4
= 671.6049383 = 670 g/mol = 6.7 × 102 g/mol
Type on your calculator: