Unit-1 Introduction to ASP.NET web programming & IDE€¦ · Unit-1 Introduction to ASP ... Unit-1...

Unit-1 Introduction to ASP.NET web

programming & IDE

1 Dept: CE AWT (3360706) Prof. Akash N. Siddhpura

BASIC OF ASP.NET

• Asp.net refers as Active Server Pages .net which is server side object oriented programming language.

• Asp.net is language of Microsoft.net framework to develop web applications.

• Benefits:-

o Easier OOP Language

o Quick Drag & Drop Control

o Code Separation

o Easier database operations

o Version Compatibility

o High Security

o Easy application Development

o Highly Integrated IDE

• Asp.net uses to develop dynamic web pages, web services and web application.

• Asp.net is built on the CLR(Common Language Runtime) that allows user to write Asp.net program

using any .net framework supported language like C#, VB, Visual C++, J# etc..

• Asp.net also supports ADO.NET (ActiveX data object.Net) that helps to connect and work with data

stored in database.

• Asp.net also provide everything Readymade such as Rich controls, Validation controls, Databound

controls, Ajax controls for developing easier, fast and highly dynamic web applications.

FEATURES OF ASP.NET *

• Simplified Programming Model: ASP.NET is a technology which can be implemented using any dotnet

language such as C#.Net or VB. Net

• Side by side Execution: Side by side execution is the ability to run multiple version of an application or

component on the same computer

• Server side Controls: ASP.NET technology has introduced rich powerful web server controls which are

capable to identify the clients’ browser and can render the HTML tags accordingly.

• Performance: Architecture of the ASP.NET is designed in order to increase the performance of the

application.

• Powerful Database Support: ASP.NET supports very large amount of database class and it also provide

the easy deployment of the connectivity with the application.

• Web Services: With the help of ASP.NET we can also develop the web services, which are useful for the

communication of protocols, it can be also used by other application, it is an application components.

• Simplified Form Validation: In other language we have to write so may line of codes to validate a

control, while in ASP.NET it becomes Easy and Simple for Deployment.

• Simplified Deployment: With the help of the CLR, We can develop our applications in any language so

we don’t have to worry about programming language. Visual Studio provides all the functionality of

drag of controls, we deployment becomes fast and easy. We can easily configure IIS (Internet Information

Service).

• Rich Tool Box Support: ASP.NET supports a very high range of tools which can be easily implemented.


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DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ASP.NET AND CLASSIC ASP

ASP.NET Classic ASP

ASP.NET is full featured object oriented programming.

It has full support of xml. This helps easy data

exchange.

It has limited oops support and not having built in

support for xml.

Various tools and compiler available. Microsoft Visual

studio makes your debugging job easier.

Very less development and debugging tool available.

Meaning that difficult to debug the code.

ASP.NET we can use either C# or VB.NET as server

side programming language.

ASP you can only do scripting using visual basic

scripting and java scripting.

Error handling is very good. Error handling is very poor.

ASP.NET gives you three tire architecture. It allows

you to keep your business logic, views everything

separate.

It has no high level programming structure. Mixed of

html and server side scripting.

In built validation controls. It has rich validation set -

custom validator, range validator, regular expression,

compare and require field validation control which

makes your job easier.

It has no in built validation control. Meaning that

validating page is difficult for developers.

It has state management support. In the classic ASP if you need to update code on the

existing page then it is mandatory to restart the

server to get reflect.

OOP Language Support. Scripting Language Support.

Inheritance Supports. Doesn't Support Inheritance.

Separate file for code and data both. Single file for code and data.

Supports Custom Controls. Doesn't Support Custom Controls.

ADO.Net with XML integration. Simple ADO with limited functionalities.

WEB APPLICATIONS AND WEBPAGE Web-Page/Web-Site Web-Application

A website is informational. OR website is defined by

its content.

A web application is interactive. OR web application is

defined by its interaction with the user.

Website we can create pages in multi programming

languages that mean we can create one page code in

C# and another page code in vb.net.

Web application we have chance of select only one

programming language during creation of project

either C# or VB.NET.

Web Sites won’t create any .csproj/.vbproj files in

project.

When we create Web Application those will

automatically create project files (.csproj or .vbproj).

No need to recompile the site before deployment. We need to pre-compile the site before deployment.

Example:- www.darshan.ac.in Example:- Google doc


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C# Code VB.NET J# Code

Compiler Compiler Compiler

Microsoft Intermediate

Language(MSIL)

CLR

101011100011010

JIT

Compile

r

Common Language Runtime (CLR):

• The heart of the .Net framework is the Common Language Runtime (CLR).

• CLR manages the execution of the whole application.

• In the CLR, code is expressed as the byte code called the MSIL code (MSIL = Microsoft Intermediate

Language).

• Developers using the CLR, write code in a language such as C# or VB.NET. At Compile time, a .NET Compiler

converts such code into MSIL code.

• During run time, the CLR converts the MSIL code into something that can be understood by the operating system.

• At runtime, MSIL’s just-in-time compiler converts the MSIL code to the Native code.

• JIT compiler converts the MSIL code in to the Native Code, which is related to the particular systems.

• Rather than converts all the code to the native code JIT compiler will converts the required amount of

code to the Native code and saves the time and memory both.

• The CLR manages memory, thread execution, garbage collection, exception handling, common type

system, code safety verifications and other system services.

Common Type System (CTS):

• As .Net framework is language independent and support over 20 different programming languages, many

programming language will write data types in their own programming languages.

• For example, an integer variable in C# is written as Int, where as in visual basic it is written as integer.

• CTS define the basic data types that IL understands. Each .NET compliant language should map its data

types to these standard data types.

• This makes it possible for the 2 languages to communicate with each other by passing/receiving

parameters to/from each other.


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COMPONENTS OF WEB APPLICATION Web Form

• ASP.NET Web Form is a programmable Web page (.aspx file).

• Acts as a user interface (UI) of an ASP.NET application.

• Consists of HTML, code and controls which are executed on a web server.

• The user will see the result in the form of HTML Page, which was generated by the web server.

Web Control • ASP.NET Web server controls are objects on ASP.NET Web pages that run when the page is requested.

• Many Web server controls are similar to HTML elements, such as buttons and text boxes.

• Other controls have complex behavior, such as a calendar controls, and datacontrols that you can use

to connect to data sources and display data.

Web.Config • Configuration file is used to manage various settings that define a website. The settings are stored in

XML files that are separate from your application code. Generally a website contains a single

Web.config file stored inside the application root directory.

• There are number of important settings that can be stored in the configuration file. Some of the most

frequently used configurations, stored inside Web.config file are: Database connections, Caching

settings, Session States, Error Handling, Security.

• Configuration file looks like this:

<configuration>

<connectionStrings>

<add name ="myCon" connectionString ="server= ANS-PC\SQLEXPRESS; database=Demo;”/>

</connectionStrings>

</configuration/>

Machine.config • The machine.config file is the master configuration file on your system with a lot of default settings.

• The settings of Machine.config file are applied to the whole asp.net applications on your server.

• Each .NET Framework version has only one machine.config file.

• The machine.config would be to share values between many applications on the server.

Global.asax • The Global.asax file, also known as the ASP.NET application file, is an optional file that contains code

for responding to application-level events raised by ASP.NET.

• Only one Global.asax file per application and it should be located in application’s root directory only.

• Application-level events are: Application_Start, Application_End, Session_Start, Session_End.


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CLIENT SERVER ARCHITECTURE • Three-tier (layer) is a client-server architecture in which the user interface, business process (business

rules) and data storage and data access are developed and maintained as independent modules or

most often on separate platforms.

• Basically, there are 3 layers, tier 1 (presentation tier, GUI tier), tier 2 (business objects, business logic

tier) and tier 3 (data access tier). These tiers can be developed and tested separately.


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Presentation Layer

• The Presentation Layer contains pages like .aspx where data is presented to the user or input is taken

from the user. The ASP.NET web site (the UI for the project) is called the Presentation Layer.

• The Presentation Layer is the most important layer simply because it’s the one that everyone sees and

uses. Even with a well structured business and data layer, if the Presentation Layer is designed poorly,

this gives the users a poor view of the system.

Business Layer

• A Business Layer contains business logic, validations or calculations related to the data.

• Though a web site could talk to the data access layer directly, it usually goes through another layer

called the Business Layer. The Business Layer validates the input conditions before calling a method

from the data layer. This ensures the data input is correct before proceeding, and can often ensure

that the outputs are correct as well. This validation of input is called business rules, meaning the rules

that the Business Layer uses to make “judgments” about the data.

Data Layer • A Data Layer contains methods that help the Business Layer to connect the data and perform required

actions, whether to return data or to manipulate data (insert, update, delete and so on).

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN 2-TIER & 3-TIER ARCHITECTURE: 2-Tier Architecture 3-Tier Architecture

It has 2 layers one is database layer & another is

presentation layer

It has 3 layers, one is database layer, second is logic layer

and third is presentation layer

Less Secure compare to 3-Tier Architecture Secure compare to 2-Tier Architecture

Performance is poor because here task of logic layer and

database layer will be done by only database layer

Performance is good as there are 3 tiers

Only one database can be used Here we can use multiple database also

Less Reusability Better Reusability

Tuff task to maintain Easy to maintain

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=465)


programming & IDE


CREATING SIMPLE WEB APPLICATION IN ASP.NET INTRODUCTION TO VISUAL STUDIO

• Microsoft Visual Studio is an integrated development environment (IDE) from Microsoft. It is used to

develop computer programs for Microsoft Windows, as well as web sites, web applications and web

services. • Menu Bar:

File Contains commands for opening projects, closing projects, printing project data, etc.

Edit Contains commands such as cut, paste, find, undo, etc.

View Contains commands for displaying IDE windows and toolbars.

Debug Contains commands for debugging (i.e., identifying and correcting problems in a

program) and running a program.

Tools Contains commands for accessing additional IDE tools and options that enable

customization of the IDE.

Windows Contains commands for arranging and displaying windows.

Help Contains commands for accessing the IDE’s help features.

• Toolbox: The Toolbox window contains controls used to customize forms. Programmers can “drag and

drop” controls onto the form.

• Properties: The Properties window displays the properties for a form or control. Properties specify

information such as size, color and position.

• Solution Explorer: The solution explorer window provides access to all the files in the solution.

CREATING A NEW WEB PROJECT (ASP.NET) • Select File->New Project within the Visual Studio 2008 IDE. This will bring up the New Project dialog.

Click on the “Visual Basic” node in the left hand side of the dialog box and choose the "ASP.NET Web

Application" icon:


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• Choose where you want the project to be created on disk. Then name it and hit ok.

• Visual Studio will then create and open a new web project within the solution explorer. By default it

will have a single page (Default.aspx), web.config file. All project file-meta-data is stored within a

MSBuild based project file.

OPENING AN EXISTING WEB SITES • To open existing project go to File->Open->Project/Solution. Open the project folder which you want

and then double click on Microsoft Visual Studio Solution(.sln) file.

BUILDING WEB SITES • Hit F5 to build and run the project in debug mode.

• By default, ASP.NET Web Application projects are configured to use the built-in VS web-server when

run.

• The default project templates will run on a random port as a root site (for example:

http://localhost:49665/Default.aspx)

Set up of work environment, Start page, the menu system, toolbars, the new project dialog

box, graphical designer, code designer • The new project window allows choosing an application template from the available templates.

• When you start a new web site, ASP.NET provides the starting folders and files for the site, including

two files for the first web form of the site.

• The file named Default.aspx contains the HTML and asp code that defines the form, and the file named

Default.aspx.cs (for C# coding) or the file named Default.aspx.vb (for vb coding) contains the code in

the language you have chosen and this code is responsible for the form's works.

• The primary window in the Visual Studio IDE is the Web Forms Designer window. Other supporting

windows are the Toolbox, the Solution Explorer, and the Properties window.

• You use the designer to design a web form, to add code to the control on the form so that the form

works according to your need, you use the code editor.


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• To change the Web Forms Designer from one view to another, click on the Design or source button.

• To close a window, click on the close button on the upper right corner and to redisplay, select it from

the View menu.

• To hide a window, click on its Auto Hide button; the window changes into a tab, to redisplay again click

on the Auto Hide button again.

• When a new web form is created, Visual Studio automatically generates the starting HTML for the form

and displays it in Source view of the web forms designer. The Solution Explorer is used to add any other

files, folders or any existing item on the web site.

• To add a standard folder, right-click on the project or folder under which you are going to add the

folder in the Solution Explorer and choose New Folder.

• To add an ASP.Net folder, right-click on the project in the Solution Explorer and select the folder from

the list.

• To add an existing item to the site, right-click on the project or folder under which you are going to add

the item in the Solution Explorer and select from the dialog box.

WORKING WITH ASP.NET WEB FORMS

TYPES OF ASP.NET FILES **

File type Description

.asax The Global.asax file, also known as the ASP.NET application file, is an optional file

that contains code for responding to application-level events raised by ASP.NET.

.aspx An ASP.NET Web Forms page that can contain Web controls and presentation and


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business logic.

.config A configuration file contains XML elements that represent settings for ASP.NET

features.

.cs, .vb Source code files (.cs or .vb files) that define code that can be shared between pages,

such as code for custom classes, business logic, HTTP modules, and HTTP handlers.

.dll A compiled class library file (assembly). In a Web site project, instead of placing

compiled assemblies in the Bin subdirectory, you can put source code for classes in

the App_Code subdirectory.

.master A master page that defines the layout for other Web pages in the application.

.mdb, .ldb An Access database file.

.mdf A SQL Server Express database file.

.skin A skin file that contains property settings to apply to Web controls for consistent

formatting.

.sln A solution file for a Visual Studio project.

WEB FORM ROUND TRIP • The browser presents the user with a form, and the user interacts with the form, causing the form to

post back to the server.

• However, since all processing that interacts with server components must occur on the server.

• So this means that for each action that requires processing, the form must be posted to the server,

processed, and returned to the browser. This sequence of events is referred to as a round trip.

• In Web Forms, most user actions such as clicking a button result in a round trip.

• For that reason, the events available in ASP.NET server controls are usually limited to click-type events.

• Most server controls expose a click event, one that requires an explicit user gesture.


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STAGES IN WEB FORM PROCESSING * • When a user request for Asp.net page, the page gone through many stages that is call its life cycle.

• Various stages in ASP.Net Web Page

Stages What is done in Stages?

Page Request Request Asp.Net checks that request of the page is new or old, if new then it

compiles and executes that page and if request is old, cached copy will be returned.

Start Request And Response properties are set and using IsPostBack property new or old

request can be identified.

Initialize In the Initialization phase, controls are available on the page. Every control has

Unique ID property.

Load During the load phase, the request is post back and control properties are loaded

with information.

Rendering The view state of the controls on the page is saved before rendering on the server.

The page calls the Render method for every control.

Unload Request and response properties of the page are unloaded and cleaning performed if

required.

ASP.NET OBJECTS (REQUEST, RESPONSE, SERVER, APPLICATION, SESSION) • Request Object: - Describes the methods, properties, and collections of the object that stores

information related to the HTTP request. This includes forms, cookies, and server variables.

• Response Object: - Describes the methods, properties, and collections of the object that stores

information related to the server's response. This includes displaying content, manipulating headers,

setting locales, and redirecting requests.

• Server Object: - Describes the methods and properties of the object that provides methods for various

server tasks. With these methods you can execute code, get error conditions, encode text strings,

create objects for use by the Web page, and map physical paths.

Page request

Start

Initialization

Load

Rendering

Unload


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• Application Object: - Describes the methods, properties, and collections of the object that stores

information related to the entire Web application, including variables and objects that exist for the

lifetime of the application.

• Session Object: - Describes the methods, properties, and collections of the object that stores

information related to the user's session, including variables and objects that exist for the lifetime of

the session.

CONCEPT OF POST BACK in ASP.NET: • As we had studied page_load event fires every times a web page is loade.

• But sometimes you want code to run only the first time a page is loaded.

• You can check to see whether this is the initial loading of the page by querying the IsPostBack property

of the Page Object.

• This property will returns False the first time if the page is loading and it will returns a true if the page

is already loaded once.

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